In recent years, with the endless emergence of meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)diagnostic equipment, rich treatment methods, and in-depth clinical and basic research on MGD at home and abroad, the understanding of MGD has entered a new stage. MGD-related dry eye is considered to be the main cause of lipid abnormal dry eye, and its occurrence and development is a chronic and multi-factorial pathological process. This article reviews the pathogenesis, imaging analysis and clinical treatment progress of MGD-related dry eye, in order to provide scientific evidence and ideas for clinical diagnosis and therapy of MGD-related dry eye.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of temporal small bone window microscopic craniot-omy in treating cerebral hemorrhage in basal ganglia region.Methods The retrospective analysis was adopt-ed.A total of 130 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia region treated in the Department of Neurosurgery of this hospital from January 2020 to January 2023 were selected as the study subjects.The patients treated by traditional frontotemporal large bone flap craniotomy hematoma removal were included in-to the control group (n=82) and the patients adopting temporal straight incision small bone window hemato-ma removal were included into the study group (n=48).The general data,surgical indicators,clinical efficacy,degree of neurological impairment,postoperative complications and postoperative quality of life of the patients were statistically analyzed.Results There were no statistically significant differences in preoperative Glasgow (GCS) score,gender,age and hematoma volume between the two groups (P>0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the average hematoma clearance rate between the two groups (P>0.05);compared with the control group,the operation time and hospital stay of the study group were shorter,the incidence of severe edema and suboccipital fluid accumulation were lower,and the good prognosis rate was higher,with sta-tistical significance (P<0.05).Conclusion Temporal straight incision small bone window microscopic hema-toma removal in treating cerebral hemorrhage in basal ganglia region has mild edema reaction of brain tissue in operative area,the neurological function obtains the better protection and the good prognostic rate of the pa-tients is significantly increased.

Objective To explore the application value of deep learning image reconstruction(DLIR)combined with Smart metal artifact reduction(Smart MAR)algorithm in maxillofacial CT images.Methods A total of 34 patients with maxillofacial lesions affected by oral metal implants who underwent maxillofacial enhanced CT scans were included.The images of four groups in venous phase were reconstructed with 50％adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction(ASIR-V)(IR group),50％ASIR-V combined with Smart MAR(IR+S group),DLIR(at medium strength)combined with Smart MAR(D-M+S group)and DLIR(at high strength)combined with Smart MAR(D-H+S group)respectively.The artifact index(AI)was worked out by measuring the standard deviation(SD)of CT values in maxillofacial lesions and longhead muscle.The subjective scores of overall image quality,lesion conspicuity and diagnostic confidence were assessed.The image quality of different algorithms was compared.Results Compared with IR+S group,the AI value of IR group was significantly increased(P＜0.05),while the noise had no significant difference(P＞0.05).Compared with IR+S group,the AI value and noise of D-M+S group and D-H+S group both were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and the AI value of D-M+S group and D-H+S group reduced by 13.70％and 19.06％respectively,the noise reduced by 16.37％and 30.78％respectively.The subjective scores of overall image quality,lesion conspicuity and diagnostic confidence in IR+S group were significantly lower than those in D-M+S group and D-H+S group,but significantly higher than those in IR group(P＜0.05).There were 6 patients'(17.64％)lesions were detected only in the groups with Smart MAR algorithm,while 9 patients(26.47％)had introduced new artifacts in the tongue with Smart MAR algorithm.Conclusion DLIR combined with Smart MAR can improve the CT image quality of maxillofacial region,enhance the conspicuity and diagnosis confidence of maxillofacial lesions in patients with oral metal implants.Smart MAR algorithm may produce new artifacts that need to be analyzed along with the images not added Smart MAR algorithm.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Zhoushan City from 2004 to 2021, so as to provide insights into the prevention and control of public health emergencies. Methods : Data pertaining to public health emergencies and their associated data in Zhoushan City from 2004 to 2021 were retrieved from Emergency Public Health Management Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The type, date of occurrence and places of public health emergencies were descriptively analyzed. Results: Sixty public health emergencies were reported in Zhoushan City from 2004 to 2021, during which 1 527 cases were reported and 52 661 individuals were involved, with an attack rate of 2.90% (95%CI: 2.78%-3.02%). There were 3 Ⅲ-level (5.00%), 13 Ⅳ-level (21.67%) and 44 unclassified public health emergencies (73.33%), and no Ⅰ- or Ⅱ-level emergencies were reported. The reported public health emergencies peaked in January (9), August (6) and December (9), and there were 47 infectious disease emergencies (78.33%), 10 food poisoning emergencies (16.67%) and 3 chemical gas poisoning emergencies (5.00%), respectively. The four most common infectious disease emergencies included other infectious diarrhea (25.53%), COVID-19 (17.02%), influenza (14.89%) and chickenpox (14.89%). School and kindergarten were predominant places where public health emergencies occurred (39, 65.00%), and the three most common public health emergencies reported by schools and kindergartens included other infectious diarrhea (28.21%), influenza (17.95%) and chickenpox (17.95%). Conclusions Infectious disease emergencies were predominant public health emergencies in Zhoushan City from 2004 to 2021, and Ⅳ-level and unclassified emergencies were predominant. Public health emergencies mainly occurred in schools and kindergartens.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of the camrelizumab combined with apatinib and chemotherapy as second-line or later therapy in human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) negative advanced gastric cancer.Methods:A total of 66 patients with HER-2 negative advanced gastric cancer and first-line treatment failure in Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from March 2018 to September 2021 were selected. They were divided into study group ( n=22) and control group ( n=44) according to the different treatment regimens. The patients in the study group were treated with camrelizumab combined with apatinib and chemotherapy, and the patients in the control group were treated with chemotherapy alone. The short-term efficacy, progression-free survival (PFS) , overall survival (OS) and the occurrence of adverse reactions were compared, and Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of prognosis. Results:After at least 2-4 cycles of treatment, the ORR in the study group and the control group were 9.1% (2/22) and 0 (0/44) respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( P=0.108) . DCR in the two groups were 77.3% (17/22) and 45.5% (20/44) respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=6.03, P=0.014) . The study group didn’t reach median OS and the median OS in the control group was 11.7 months, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=1.59, P=0.207) . The study group didn’t reach median PFS and the median PFS in the control group was 3.2 months, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=10.13, P=0.001) . Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that treatment method was an independent influencing factor for PFS in patients with HER-2 negative advanced gastric cancer ( HR=0.33, 95% CI: 0.15-0.75, P=0.008) . In terms of adverse reactions, there was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of elevated alanine aminotransferase between the study group and the control group [31.8% (7/22) vs. 6.8% (3/44) , χ2=5.32, P=0.021]. There were no adverse-related deaths in both groups. Conclusion:Compared with chemotherapy alone, camrelizumab combined with apatinib and chemotherapy as a second-line or later therapy in HER-2 negative advanced gastric cancer can prolong PFS and improve DCR, but the incidence of elevated alanine aminotransferase increases significantly.

Development of thoracolumbar vertebra (TLV) and rib primordium (RP) is a common evolutionary feature across vertebrates, although whole-organism analysis of the expression dynamics of TLV- and RP-related genes has been lacking. Here, we investigated the single-cell transcriptome landscape of thoracic vertebra (TV), lumbar vertebra (LV), and RP cells from a pig embryo at 27 days post-fertilization (dpf) and identified six cell types with distinct gene expression signatures. In-depth dissection of the gene expression dynamics and RNA velocity revealed a coupled process of osteogenesis and angiogenesis during TLV and RP development. Further analysis of cell type-specific and strand-specific expression uncovered the extremely high level of HOXA10 3'-UTR sequence specific to osteoblasts of LV cells, which may function as anti-HOXA10-antisense by counteracting the HOXA10-antisense effect to determine TLV transition. Thus, this work provides a valuable resource for understanding embryonic osteogenesis and angiogenesis underlying vertebrate TLV and RP development at the cell type-specific resolution, which serves as a comprehensive view on the transcriptional profile of animal embryo development.

The Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) flaviviruses exhibit similar replicative processes but have distinct clinical outcomes. A systematic understanding of virus–host protein–pro-tein interaction networks can reveal cellular pathways critical to viral replication and disease patho-genesis. Here we employed three independent systems biology approaches toward this goal. First, protein array analysis of direct interactions between individual ZIKV/DENV viral proteins and 20,240 human proteins revealed multiple conserved cellular pathways and protein complexes, including proteasome complexes. Second, an RNAi screen of 10,415 druggable genes identified the host proteins required for ZIKV infection and uncovered that proteasome proteins were crucial in this process. Third, high-throughput screening of 6016 bioactive compounds for ZIKV inhibition yielded 134 effective compounds, including six proteasome inhibitors that suppress both ZIKV and DENV replication. Integrative analyses of these orthogonal datasets pinpoint proteasomes as crit-ical host machinery for ZIKV/DENV replication. Our study provides multi-omics datasets for fur-ther studies of flavivirus–host interactions, disease pathogenesis, and new drug targets.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of latent infection of pathogens of hand,foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Chinese healthy population and its influencing factors,so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of HFMD. Methods : Literature on the latent infection of HFMD was searched in Chinese and English databases,such as CNKI,Wanfang,CBMd,PubMed,Web of Science and ScienceDirect,from January 1,2000 to December 31,2019. The pooled rate and its 95% confidence interval(95%CI)were used to assess the latent infection rate of HFMD pathogens in healthy Chinese population. Results: A total of 442 articles were retrieved,and 31 articles were finally included in the quantitative meta-analysis. The results showed that the latent infection rate of human enteroviruses in healthy Chinese population was 18.8%(95%CI:16.1%-21.6%),and the latent infection rates of EV71,CV-A16 and other HEVs were 3.7%(95%CI:2.5%-4.9%),1.9%(95%CI:1.0%-2.9%) and 15.1%(95%CI:11.9%-18.3%),respectively. The latent infection rates of HEVs in healthy men and women in China were 16.7%(95%CI:12.9%-20.4%) and 14.4%(95%CI:10.8%-18.0%),respectively. The latent infection rates of human enterovirues HEVs in the healthy population aged 0-5 years and over 5 years were 24.4%(95%CI:20.4%-28.5%) and 9.4%(95%CI:6.5%-12.2%),respectively. Meta regression analysis showed that the associated factors for the latent infection rate of HEVs in Chinese healthy population included sampling period,sampling area and study population.Sensitivity analysis showed that there was no significant change on meta results after the exclusion of individual studies one by one(p>0.05). Begg's tests,Egger's tests and funnel plots all indicated the existence of publication bias. Trim and fill method showed that the recessive infection rate was reduced after adjustment(p<0.05). Conclusions The latent infection rate of HFMD pathogens is high in healthy people in China,and it is mainly caused by other HEVs. Males and children aged under 5 years are at high risk of latent infection of HEVs.

Objective : To study the epidemiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） in Zhoushan, so as to provide reference for improving the prevention and control capability of COVID-19. Methods : All the confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Zhoushan, diagnosed according to China’s “COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment plan （fifth version） ” and reported from January 19 to February 17, 2020, were extracted from the infectious disease surveillance system. Data of general information, clinical characteristics, laboratory Results, transmission and detection routes were collected and analyzed. Results : By February 17, Ten confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Zhoushan had been reported, including 7 males and 3 females. They were all adults, with an average age of （50.90±15.00） years. Five cases were discharged. The incubation period ranged from 2 to 12 days, with a median of 5 days. The first symptoms were fever （8 cases）, cough （7 cases） and muscle pain （2 cases）. Chest computed tomographic （CT） scans showed ground glass opacities in the lungs of all the cases. Six cases had Wuhan related exposure. SARS-CoV-2 was tested positive in the sputum specimens or throat swabs of all the cases and the faeces of 4 cases. The last suspicious exposure of 5 cases occurred before, and that of another 5 cases occurred after the onset of clinical symptoms in the confirmed maternal cases. Three cases were found in active consultation after clinical symptoms, and another 7 cases were found in the monitoring of close contacts. Conclusions The 10 confirmed cases of COVID-19 reported in Zhoushan are all adults, and most have Wuhan related exposure. SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in the fecal samples, but the existence of fecal-oral transmission needs more research. SARS-CoV-2 has strong infectivity, and may also have infectivity before the onset of symptoms （at the end of incubation period）. Isolation and early detection of close contacts are conducive for early case-finding.