Atherosclerosis （AS） is the main pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases and seriously threatens human quality of life. Its prevention and treatment urgently need breakthroughs. The inflammatory response， which runs through the physiological and pathological evolution process of AS， is one of the important mechanisms for AS occurrence. Currently， the treatment methods for AS in Western medicine are relatively mature. However， they have adverse reactions such as abnormal liver and kidney function， drug tolerance， target vessel restenosis， and stent thrombosis， which remain the key bottleneck restricting clinical efficacy. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， characterized by multiple components， multiple targets， and multi-pathway synergy， shows unique clinical application potential and efficacy advantages in the intervention of AS. This article reviewed the research progress of TCM in intervening in AS by regulating inflammatory-related signaling pathways， such as nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， Toll-like receptors （TLRs）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription （JAK/STAT）， in the past five years. It summarized the combined mechanism of action of TCM monomers， TCM pairs， and compound preparations in inhibiting the inflammatory cascade reaction through multiple targets， regulating lipid metabolism disorders， and improving vascular endothelial dysfunction and the imbalance of the microenvironment. It deepened the research on the molecular mechanism of TCM in anti-AS， so as to provide a scientific basis for the clinical transformation application and related theoretical research of TCM in anti-AS.

Atherosclerosis （AS） is the main pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases and seriously threatens human quality of life. Its prevention and treatment urgently need breakthroughs. The inflammatory response， which runs through the physiological and pathological evolution process of AS， is one of the important mechanisms for AS occurrence. Currently， the treatment methods for AS in Western medicine are relatively mature. However， they have adverse reactions such as abnormal liver and kidney function， drug tolerance， target vessel restenosis， and stent thrombosis， which remain the key bottleneck restricting clinical efficacy. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， characterized by multiple components， multiple targets， and multi-pathway synergy， shows unique clinical application potential and efficacy advantages in the intervention of AS. This article reviewed the research progress of TCM in intervening in AS by regulating inflammatory-related signaling pathways， such as nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， Toll-like receptors （TLRs）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription （JAK/STAT）， in the past five years. It summarized the combined mechanism of action of TCM monomers， TCM pairs， and compound preparations in inhibiting the inflammatory cascade reaction through multiple targets， regulating lipid metabolism disorders， and improving vascular endothelial dysfunction and the imbalance of the microenvironment. It deepened the research on the molecular mechanism of TCM in anti-AS， so as to provide a scientific basis for the clinical transformation application and related theoretical research of TCM in anti-AS.

Objective:To retrieve, appraise and synthesize evidence regarding the prevention and management of high-output ileostomy in post-enterostomy patients, thereby providing a scientific reference for clinical practice.Methods:A computerized search was conducted, systematically exploring national and international databases, as well as the websites of pertinent associations, to gather evidence relevant to the topic. The literature types included clinical decision-making, evidence summaries, guidelines, expert consensus, and systematic reviews. The search timeframe was established from the date of database construction until 23 August 2024. The methodological quality assessment of the literature, along with the extraction and synthesis of the evidence, was performed by two independent researchers utilizing established criteria and adhering to rigorous standards.Results:A total of 13 papers were included in the review, comprising one clinical decision, four guidelines, and eight systematic reviews. Eighteen pieces of best evidence were distilled and summarized across six key areas: diagnosis and risk identification, fluid/diet/nutrition management, medication administration, skin management, monitoring and health education, and follow-up care.Conclusions:The clinical practice rationale for the prevention and management of high-output ileostomy in post-enterostomy patients, when summarized, would offer scientific and effective evidence-based support for practice changes by clinical care staff. The practical application and translation of this evidence should thoroughly consider the nuances of clinical practice in China, as well as individual patient differences, to ensure the effective implementation of the best evidence for maximizing patient benefit.

Objective:To retrieve, appraise and synthesize evidence regarding the prevention and management of high-output ileostomy in post-enterostomy patients, thereby providing a scientific reference for clinical practice.Methods:A computerized search was conducted, systematically exploring national and international databases, as well as the websites of pertinent associations, to gather evidence relevant to the topic. The literature types included clinical decision-making, evidence summaries, guidelines, expert consensus, and systematic reviews. The search timeframe was established from the date of database construction until 23 August 2024. The methodological quality assessment of the literature, along with the extraction and synthesis of the evidence, was performed by two independent researchers utilizing established criteria and adhering to rigorous standards.Results:A total of 13 papers were included in the review, comprising one clinical decision, four guidelines, and eight systematic reviews. Eighteen pieces of best evidence were distilled and summarized across six key areas: diagnosis and risk identification, fluid/diet/nutrition management, medication administration, skin management, monitoring and health education, and follow-up care.Conclusions:The clinical practice rationale for the prevention and management of high-output ileostomy in post-enterostomy patients, when summarized, would offer scientific and effective evidence-based support for practice changes by clinical care staff. The practical application and translation of this evidence should thoroughly consider the nuances of clinical practice in China, as well as individual patient differences, to ensure the effective implementation of the best evidence for maximizing patient benefit.

Objective To explore the expression of cancer-testis antigen ACRBP in liver cancer and its correlation with immune infiltration.Methods Firstly,UALCAN and HPA databases were used to analyze the expression of ACRBP mRNA and protein both in liver cancer and normal liver tissues.The correlation between the expression of ACRBP in liver cancer and immune cell infiltration,and immune regulation genes were analyzed based on TCGA data,TIMER database,CIBERSOFT tool and TISIDB database.Then,human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)were isolated and co-cultured with liver cancer cells with down-regulated ACRBP expres-sion.The secretion of immune molecules was measured by ELISA,and the apoptosis of PBMC was detected by flow cytometry.Results Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the expression of ACRBP mRNA and protein in liver cancer tissues was significantly higher than those in normal liver tissues.The expression of ACRBP mRNA was positively correlated with Treg cell infiltration,immunosuppressive mole-cules,chemokines and other immunoregulatory genes.Compared with normal liver tissues,liver cancer tissues with high expression of ACRBP was significantly reduced in the infiltration of Plasma cells,γδT cells,NK cells and M2 macrophages.In vitro,by down-regu-lateing the expression of ACRBP in liver cancer cells,the secretion of TNF-α,IFN-γ and IL-2 was increased,and the apoptosis of PBMC was also increased.Conclusion The expression of ACRBP in live cancer is associated with the infiltration of immune cells.ACRBP participates in the regulation of immune cells and influences the tumor microenvironment,laying the foundation for the future de-velopment of immunotherapy targeting ACRBP.

Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is a significant causative factor of end-stage renal disease globally,and its pathogenesis involves dysregulation of multiple cellular and hormonal pathways.Podocytes play crucial roles in the process of DN,with the extent of podocyte injury closely associated with key pathological manifestations of renal damage,such as proteinuria,glomerular filtration rate,and glomerulosclerosis.However,due to the complexity and interplay of mechanisms contributing to podocyte injury,such as oxidative stress,abnormal lipid metabolism,and mitochondrial damage,the precise mechanisms underlying podocyte injury remain incompletely understood.This review integrated the latest research findings from both domestic and international studies on the core mechanisms of podocyte injury in DN.Furthermore,this article summarized the implications of these mechanisms for DN treatment,particularly focusing on potential therapeutic targets and the development of related pharmacological interventions derived from targeting podocyte injury pathways,so as to provide a theoretical foundation for the development of clinical therapeutic strategies for DN.

Objective To study the oral health status of officers and soldiers in a certain unit,so as to provide a basis for the formulation and implementation of oral health support plans.Methods A total of 437 officers and soldiers in a certain unit were enrolled to assess their oral health status through questionnaire survey and clinical examination.Results The prevalences of dental caries and periodontal diseases were 87.6%(383/437)and 90.4%(395/437),respectively;the detection rates of impacted third molars,recurrent aphthous stomatitis,other mucosal diseases,and temporomandibular joint disorders were 12.6%(55/437),54.2%(237/437),29.5%(129/437),and 19.2%(84/437),respectively.In terms of oral medical needs,23.3%(102/437)patients did not need treatment,66.1%(289/437)required elective treatment,9.2%(40/437)required early treatment,and 1.4%(6/437)required urgent treatment.Conclusion Officers and soldiers in this study have a variety of oral diseases,with periodontal diseases having the highest prevalence.Supportting plans should be formulated based on the characteristics of the prevalence of oral diseases among them,and regular oral diagnosis and treatment should be carried out to prevent the development and progression of oral diseases.

Objectives:To evaluate the outcomes of cochlear implantation in prelingually deafened late-implanted patients with regular cochlear implant use and to analyze the influencing factors of rehabilitation effects.Methods:This before-after self-controlled study design included 60 subjects, comprising 36 males and 24 females, who had received cochlear implantation at Chinese PLA General Hospital. Post-implantation, all patients demonstrated continuous and regular use of cochlear implants (≥8 hours daily). Rehabilitation outcomes were evaluated by using the Categories of Auditory Performance scale (CAP), Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (MAIS), Speech Intelligibility of Rating scale (SIR), Meaningful Use of Speech Scale (MUSS) and speech recognition score (SRS) in 2018 and 2023. 9 potential risk factors were analyzed by univariate analysis with SPSS 25.0. The influencing factors associated with outcomes were evaluated through multivariate logistic regression.Results:Longitudinal data of 60 participants followed-up in 2018 and 2023 were analyzed. The average duration of cochlear implant use for all patients was (11.3±3.0) years. The mean score of CAP, SIR and MUSS improved significantly over time. The mean CAP score before surgery was (1.0±0.9). From 2018 to 2023, the mean CAP score improved from (5.1±1.4) to (5.9±1.6), with a statistical significance ( P<0.01); the mean SIR score before surgery was (1.3±0.5), and the mean SIR score improved from (2.7±1.1) to (3.2±1.3), with a statistical significance ( P<0.01); the mean MUSS score increased from (16.8±9.7) to (21.1±10.9) between the two follow-ups, with a statistical significance ( P<0.01); the MAIS was only initiated in the 2023 follow-up, with a mean score of (31.0±10.2). The speech recognition score for monosyllabic words increased from (23.9±16.0)% to (25.2±13.0)%, with no statistically significant difference ( P=0.66). Preoperative residual hearing significantly predicted rehabilitation outcomes at univariate analysis ( P<0.05), but the statistical significance was lost at multivariate analysis ( P>0.05). Age at implantation was identified as an independent predictive factor by both univariate and multivariate analysis (Hazard Ratio, 0.88; 95% Confidence Interval 0.79-0.97; P=0.014). The cut-off point for predicting further rehabilitation effects was 19.2 years old. In the correlation analysis of different scales, the CAP score was positively correlated with the total score of MAIS. So were the SIR score and the total score of MUSS. Conclusions:For prelingually deafened late-implanted patients with regular CI use, there was still potential for further improvement of auditory and speech abilities even after 10 years post-implantation. Age at implantation was an independent predictive factor and the cut-off point was 19.2 years old.

Objective To explore the expression of cancer-testis antigen ACRBP in liver cancer and its correlation with immune infiltration.Methods Firstly,UALCAN and HPA databases were used to analyze the expression of ACRBP mRNA and protein both in liver cancer and normal liver tissues.The correlation between the expression of ACRBP in liver cancer and immune cell infiltration,and immune regulation genes were analyzed based on TCGA data,TIMER database,CIBERSOFT tool and TISIDB database.Then,human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)were isolated and co-cultured with liver cancer cells with down-regulated ACRBP expres-sion.The secretion of immune molecules was measured by ELISA,and the apoptosis of PBMC was detected by flow cytometry.Results Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the expression of ACRBP mRNA and protein in liver cancer tissues was significantly higher than those in normal liver tissues.The expression of ACRBP mRNA was positively correlated with Treg cell infiltration,immunosuppressive mole-cules,chemokines and other immunoregulatory genes.Compared with normal liver tissues,liver cancer tissues with high expression of ACRBP was significantly reduced in the infiltration of Plasma cells,γδT cells,NK cells and M2 macrophages.In vitro,by down-regu-lateing the expression of ACRBP in liver cancer cells,the secretion of TNF-α,IFN-γ and IL-2 was increased,and the apoptosis of PBMC was also increased.Conclusion The expression of ACRBP in live cancer is associated with the infiltration of immune cells.ACRBP participates in the regulation of immune cells and influences the tumor microenvironment,laying the foundation for the future de-velopment of immunotherapy targeting ACRBP.

Objectives:To evaluate the outcomes of cochlear implantation in prelingually deafened late-implanted patients with regular cochlear implant use and to analyze the influencing factors of rehabilitation effects.Methods:This before-after self-controlled study design included 60 subjects, comprising 36 males and 24 females, who had received cochlear implantation at Chinese PLA General Hospital. Post-implantation, all patients demonstrated continuous and regular use of cochlear implants (≥8 hours daily). Rehabilitation outcomes were evaluated by using the Categories of Auditory Performance scale (CAP), Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (MAIS), Speech Intelligibility of Rating scale (SIR), Meaningful Use of Speech Scale (MUSS) and speech recognition score (SRS) in 2018 and 2023. 9 potential risk factors were analyzed by univariate analysis with SPSS 25.0. The influencing factors associated with outcomes were evaluated through multivariate logistic regression.Results:Longitudinal data of 60 participants followed-up in 2018 and 2023 were analyzed. The average duration of cochlear implant use for all patients was (11.3±3.0) years. The mean score of CAP, SIR and MUSS improved significantly over time. The mean CAP score before surgery was (1.0±0.9). From 2018 to 2023, the mean CAP score improved from (5.1±1.4) to (5.9±1.6), with a statistical significance ( P<0.01); the mean SIR score before surgery was (1.3±0.5), and the mean SIR score improved from (2.7±1.1) to (3.2±1.3), with a statistical significance ( P<0.01); the mean MUSS score increased from (16.8±9.7) to (21.1±10.9) between the two follow-ups, with a statistical significance ( P<0.01); the MAIS was only initiated in the 2023 follow-up, with a mean score of (31.0±10.2). The speech recognition score for monosyllabic words increased from (23.9±16.0)% to (25.2±13.0)%, with no statistically significant difference ( P=0.66). Preoperative residual hearing significantly predicted rehabilitation outcomes at univariate analysis ( P<0.05), but the statistical significance was lost at multivariate analysis ( P>0.05). Age at implantation was identified as an independent predictive factor by both univariate and multivariate analysis (Hazard Ratio, 0.88; 95% Confidence Interval 0.79-0.97; P=0.014). The cut-off point for predicting further rehabilitation effects was 19.2 years old. In the correlation analysis of different scales, the CAP score was positively correlated with the total score of MAIS. So were the SIR score and the total score of MUSS. Conclusions:For prelingually deafened late-implanted patients with regular CI use, there was still potential for further improvement of auditory and speech abilities even after 10 years post-implantation. Age at implantation was an independent predictive factor and the cut-off point was 19.2 years old.