LL-PTP, a pancreatic cancer-targeted nanocarrier, was synthesized via click chemistry, and the insoluble photosensitive drug zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) was physically encapsulated within LL-PTP to fabricate LL-PTP/ZnPc nanoparticles. The critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of LL-PTP was determined to be 52.97 μg/mL; the LL-PTP/ZnPc nanoparticles, formed by the physical encapsulation of ZnPc, appeared as a blue transparent solution; the ZnPc loading efficiency of these nanoparticles was (20.1 ± 1.4) %, with a hydrated particle size of (89.18 ± 0.21) nm; notably, the nanoparticles exhibited excellent storage stability and serum stability, which fully meet the stability requirements for injectable formulations in clinical applications; furthermore, the release rate of LL-PTP/ZnPc in tumor tissue was significantly higher (6.2-fold) than that in serum, which is significantly beneficial for the therapeutic effect of nanoparticles at the tumor site. To investigate the targeted uptake of LL-PTP/ZnPc, qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry, respectively, with the result that LL-PTP/ZnPc enhanced the uptake of nanoparticles by PANC-1 cells (a pancreatic cancer cell line) through Plectin-1-mediated endocytosis with an efficiency significantly superior to that of LL/ZnPc (non-targeted control nanoparticles) and free ZnPc. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected using the DCFH-DA probe, with the finding that LL-PTP/ZnPc, upon light irradiation, induced a marked increase in intracellular ROS production—an effect that is conducive to achieving enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy against pancreatic cancer. In conclusion, this study successfully developed LL-PTP, a targeted nanocarrier for pancreatic cancer, and achieved efficient loading of ZnPc, which effectively improved the effect of PDT on pancreatic cancer.

Objective:To investigate the distribution of iodine in drinking water in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and provide a basis for delineation of different types of water iodine areas and the adoption of targeted prevention and control measures, as well as scientific adjustment of intervention strategies.Methods:Using cross-sectional survey method, from June to December in 2017, a survey on the distribution of water iodine was conducted in the entire autonomous region on a township (street, Sumu, abbreviated as township) basis in accordance with the requirements of the "National Survey Plan for Iodine Content in Drinking Water". For townships with water iodine level greater than 10 μg/L found in the survey, the survey was conducted on an administrative village (community, Gacha, abbreviated as administrative village) basis. The water iodine of regions with water iodine level greater than 100 μg/L found in the survey were reviewed in 2018 - 2019. Arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry was used to test water iodine.Results:A total of 1 009 townships of 103 counties (cities, districts) were surveyed on a township by township basis, with a median water iodine of 6.7 μg/L. Among them, there were 707 townships with water iodine < 10 μg/L, accounting for 70.1%. There were 251 townships with water iodine of 10 - < 40 μg/L, accounting for 24.9%. There were 44 townships with water iodine of 40 - 100 μg/L, accounting for 4.4%. There were 7 townships with water iodine > 100 μg/L, accounting for 0.7%. A total of 3 326 administrative village of 298 townships were surveyed based on administrative villages, among which, 791 villages had water iodine < 10 μg/L, accounting for 23.8%. There were 2 031 villages with water iodine of 10 - < 40 μg/L, accounting for 61.1%. There were 468 villages with water iodine of 40 - 100 μg/L, accounting for 14.1%. There were 36 administrative villages with water iodine > 100 μg/L, accounting for 1.1%. After review, 96 administrative villages in 12 townships of 4 league cities had water iodine > 100 μg/L.Conclusions:Most areas in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are iodine deficiency areas, and there are localized areas with high iodine levels due to water sources. Different iodine supplementation or iodine reduction measures should be taken for areas with different water iodine levels.

Objective:To investigate the distribution of iodine in drinking water in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and provide a basis for delineation of different types of water iodine areas and the adoption of targeted prevention and control measures, as well as scientific adjustment of intervention strategies.Methods:Using cross-sectional survey method, from June to December in 2017, a survey on the distribution of water iodine was conducted in the entire autonomous region on a township (street, Sumu, abbreviated as township) basis in accordance with the requirements of the "National Survey Plan for Iodine Content in Drinking Water". For townships with water iodine level greater than 10 μg/L found in the survey, the survey was conducted on an administrative village (community, Gacha, abbreviated as administrative village) basis. The water iodine of regions with water iodine level greater than 100 μg/L found in the survey were reviewed in 2018 - 2019. Arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry was used to test water iodine.Results:A total of 1 009 townships of 103 counties (cities, districts) were surveyed on a township by township basis, with a median water iodine of 6.7 μg/L. Among them, there were 707 townships with water iodine < 10 μg/L, accounting for 70.1%. There were 251 townships with water iodine of 10 - < 40 μg/L, accounting for 24.9%. There were 44 townships with water iodine of 40 - 100 μg/L, accounting for 4.4%. There were 7 townships with water iodine > 100 μg/L, accounting for 0.7%. A total of 3 326 administrative village of 298 townships were surveyed based on administrative villages, among which, 791 villages had water iodine < 10 μg/L, accounting for 23.8%. There were 2 031 villages with water iodine of 10 - < 40 μg/L, accounting for 61.1%. There were 468 villages with water iodine of 40 - 100 μg/L, accounting for 14.1%. There were 36 administrative villages with water iodine > 100 μg/L, accounting for 1.1%. After review, 96 administrative villages in 12 townships of 4 league cities had water iodine > 100 μg/L.Conclusions:Most areas in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are iodine deficiency areas, and there are localized areas with high iodine levels due to water sources. Different iodine supplementation or iodine reduction measures should be taken for areas with different water iodine levels.

Objective:To investigate the iodine nutrition levels of children aged 8 - 10 and pregnant women in iodine deficient areas and iodine adequate areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Inner Mongolia for short), and to provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods:From March to July 2022, iodine nutrition analysis was conducted in iodine deficient areas and iodine adequate areas of 104 banners (counties, cities and districts) in 12 league cities in Inner Mongolia. Each monitoring banner (county, city and district) was divided into five sampling areas by east, west, south, north, and center, with one Sumu (township, street) selected from each area. One primary school was selected from each Sumu (township, street), and 40 non-boarding students aged 8 - 10 were selected from each primary school. One third of the students underwent thyroid ultrasound examination. Twenty pregnant women were selected from each of the 5 Sumus (townships, streets) in each monitoring banner (county, city and district). Household salt samples and random urine samples of children and pregnant women were collected to detect salt iodine and urinary iodine levels.Results:In 2022, the median thyroid volume of children aged 8 - 10 in iodine deficient areas and iodine adequate areas of Inner Mongolia was 2.44 ml, and the goiter rate was 1.89% (123/6 496). There were statistically significant differences in thyroid volume and goiter rate between different league cities ( H = 1 229.05, χ 2 = 34.13, P < 0.001). The coverage rate of iodized salt in 12 league cities was 98.51% (30 628/31 090), the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 94.42% (29 355/31 090), and the median salt iodine was 22.80 mg/kg. The median urinary iodine of children ( n = 20 968) was 195.00 μg/L, among which the median urinary iodine in 7 league cities was at the appropriate level of iodine nutrition (100 - 199 μg/L), and the median urinary iodine in 5 league cities was at the level of iodine nutrition exceeding the appropriate level (200 - 299 μg/L). The median urinary iodine of pregnant women ( n = 10 122) was 168.00 μg/L, among which, except for Bayannur (149.18 μg/L), the median urinary iodine in other 11 league cities was at the appropriate level of iodine nutrition (150 - 249 μg/L). Conclusions:The overall iodine nutrition of children and pregnant women in Inner Mongolia is at an appropriate level, but some pregnant women still face the risk of iodine deficiency. In the future, the focus of iodine deficiency disorders prevention and control should be on iodine nutrition monitoring for special needs populations.

Objective To investigate the factors affecting the prognosis of endovascular treatment(EVT)for acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion(AVBAO)within 24 h of onset of disease.Methods General and clinical data of AVBAO patients admitted to the Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases,Henan Provincial People's Hospital who received EVT within 24h of onset from October 2020 to September 2023 were retrospectively and consecutively included,including age,sex,stroke-related risk factors(hyperlipidemia,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,atrial fibrillation,coronary artery disease,smoking,and previous stroke),preoperative National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS)score,preoperative modified Rankin scale(mRS)score,form of onset,preoperative intravenous thrombolysis,posterior circulation Alberta stroke program early CT score(pc-ASPECTS),basilar artery on computed tomography angiography(BATMAN)score,site of occlusion(intracranial segment of vertebral artery,basilar artery),and surgical procedure(direct aspiration and/or stent-retrieval,balloon dilatation,stenting,etc.First-line stenting or balloon dilatation is direct angioplasty;if blood flow cannot be maintained after thrombectomy,further balloon dilatation and/or stenting is required as remedial angioplasty),onset-to-puncture time,puncture-to-recanalization time,and postprocedure immediate modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction(mTICI)grading(successful recanalization was defined as mTICI grading 2b or 3),and perioperative complications(intraprocedural thrombus migration,intraprocedural reocclusion,intraprocedural dissection,postoperative hemorrhagic transformation within 3 d,and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage[sICH]).Patient prognosis was assessed by mRS score at 90 d postoperatively.The mRS score≤3 was classified as good prognosis,and mRS score＞3 was classified as poor prognosis.Indicators with P＜0.1 in the results of univariate analysis were included,and variables were screened by backward elimination and subjected to multifactorial Logistic regression analysis to analyze the factors influencing the prognosis of AVBAO patients undergoing EVT within 24 h of the onset of the disease.Results A total of 149 AVBAO patients who underwent EVT were included,including 79 patients with good prognosis,70 patients with poor prognosis,145 patients with successful revascularization,34 patients with perioperative complications,and 32 patients with death.(1)The results of univariate analysis showed that compared with patients with poor prognosis,patients with good prognosis had lower preoperative NIHSS scores(16.0[12.0,23.0]vs.24.5[16.8,31.3],Z=-4.280,P＜0.01)and preoperative mRS scores(4[4,4]vs.5[4,5],Z=-4.711,P＜0.01),a lower percentage of diabetes mellitus(15.2％[12/79]vs.35.7％[25/70],x2=8.376,P=0.004),and the incidence of postoperative hemorrhagic transformation within 3d(7.6％[6/79]vs.25.7％[18/70],x2=-0.246,P=0.003)and the incidence of sICH(1.3％[1/79]vs.14.3％[10/70],x2=-0.249,P=0.002)were significantly lower in patients with good prognosis than that in patients with poor prognosis.(2)Age,hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus,preoperative NIHSS score,preoperative mRS score,postoperative hemorrhagic transformation within 3 d and sICH were included in multifactorial Logistic regression analysis,which showed that hyperlipidemia(OR,2.433,95％CI 1.088-5.441),diabetes mellitus(OR,2.797,95％CI 1.168-6.701),high preoperative NIHSS score(OR,3.715,95％CI 1.684-8.195),and postoperative sICH within 3 d(OR,19.681,95％CI 1.984-195.192)were the independent risk factors for poor prognosis of patients with AVBAO who underwent EVT within 24 h of onset(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus,high preoperative NIHSS score,and postoperative sICH within 3 d were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in AVBAO patients who underwent EVT within 24 h of onset.

Objective To investigate the factors affecting the prognosis of endovascular treatment(EVT)for acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion(AVBAO)within 24 h of onset of disease.Methods General and clinical data of AVBAO patients admitted to the Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases,Henan Provincial People's Hospital who received EVT within 24h of onset from October 2020 to September 2023 were retrospectively and consecutively included,including age,sex,stroke-related risk factors(hyperlipidemia,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,atrial fibrillation,coronary artery disease,smoking,and previous stroke),preoperative National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS)score,preoperative modified Rankin scale(mRS)score,form of onset,preoperative intravenous thrombolysis,posterior circulation Alberta stroke program early CT score(pc-ASPECTS),basilar artery on computed tomography angiography(BATMAN)score,site of occlusion(intracranial segment of vertebral artery,basilar artery),and surgical procedure(direct aspiration and/or stent-retrieval,balloon dilatation,stenting,etc.First-line stenting or balloon dilatation is direct angioplasty;if blood flow cannot be maintained after thrombectomy,further balloon dilatation and/or stenting is required as remedial angioplasty),onset-to-puncture time,puncture-to-recanalization time,and postprocedure immediate modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction(mTICI)grading(successful recanalization was defined as mTICI grading 2b or 3),and perioperative complications(intraprocedural thrombus migration,intraprocedural reocclusion,intraprocedural dissection,postoperative hemorrhagic transformation within 3 d,and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage[sICH]).Patient prognosis was assessed by mRS score at 90 d postoperatively.The mRS score≤3 was classified as good prognosis,and mRS score＞3 was classified as poor prognosis.Indicators with P＜0.1 in the results of univariate analysis were included,and variables were screened by backward elimination and subjected to multifactorial Logistic regression analysis to analyze the factors influencing the prognosis of AVBAO patients undergoing EVT within 24 h of the onset of the disease.Results A total of 149 AVBAO patients who underwent EVT were included,including 79 patients with good prognosis,70 patients with poor prognosis,145 patients with successful revascularization,34 patients with perioperative complications,and 32 patients with death.(1)The results of univariate analysis showed that compared with patients with poor prognosis,patients with good prognosis had lower preoperative NIHSS scores(16.0[12.0,23.0]vs.24.5[16.8,31.3],Z=-4.280,P＜0.01)and preoperative mRS scores(4[4,4]vs.5[4,5],Z=-4.711,P＜0.01),a lower percentage of diabetes mellitus(15.2％[12/79]vs.35.7％[25/70],x2=8.376,P=0.004),and the incidence of postoperative hemorrhagic transformation within 3d(7.6％[6/79]vs.25.7％[18/70],x2=-0.246,P=0.003)and the incidence of sICH(1.3％[1/79]vs.14.3％[10/70],x2=-0.249,P=0.002)were significantly lower in patients with good prognosis than that in patients with poor prognosis.(2)Age,hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus,preoperative NIHSS score,preoperative mRS score,postoperative hemorrhagic transformation within 3 d and sICH were included in multifactorial Logistic regression analysis,which showed that hyperlipidemia(OR,2.433,95％CI 1.088-5.441),diabetes mellitus(OR,2.797,95％CI 1.168-6.701),high preoperative NIHSS score(OR,3.715,95％CI 1.684-8.195),and postoperative sICH within 3 d(OR,19.681,95％CI 1.984-195.192)were the independent risk factors for poor prognosis of patients with AVBAO who underwent EVT within 24 h of onset(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus,high preoperative NIHSS score,and postoperative sICH within 3 d were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in AVBAO patients who underwent EVT within 24 h of onset.

Objective:To study the iodine nutrition status of children in non-high water iodine areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, analyze the monitoring results of iodine deficiency disorders, so as to provide a basis for further guidance on scientific iodine supplementation for children in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods:According to the requirements of the National IDD Monitoring Program and the IDD Monitoring Program of Inner Mongolia in 2021, cluster sampling method was used to select non boarding children aged 8 - 10 from 104 counties (cities, districts) in 12 cities within the jurisdiction of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Random urine samples and household salt samples were collected to detect iodine content. At the same time, 1/3 of the selected children were selected for thyroid B-ultrasound examination to measure thyroid volume.Results:In 2021, a total of 19 968 children aged 8 - 10 in non-high water iodine areas of Inner Mongolia were monitored, and 19 968 urine samples were collected, with a median urine iodine of 199.23 μg/L. There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency distribution of urinary iodine in different cities (χ 2 = 839.51, P < 0.001). The median iodine content of children's household edible salt was 22.64 mg/kg, and the coverage rate of iodized salt, qualified iodized salt coverage rate, and non-iodized salt rate in the entire region was 99.05% (19 778/19 968), 94.98% (18 785/19 778), 94.08% (18 785/19 968) and 0.95% (190/19 968), respectively. Thyroid B-ultrasound were performed in 6553 children, the goiter rate was 1.30% (85/6 553), and there were statistically significant differences in goiter rates among children of different ages and cities (χ 2 = 87.09, P < 0.001; χ 2 = 10.40, P = 0.006) . Conclusions:In 2021, the iodine nutrition of children aged 8 - 10 in non-high water iodine areas of Inner Mongolia is at an appropriate level. However, in the future we should continue to adhere to the monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders, strengthen health education on iodine deficiency disorders, consolidate existing achievements in iodine deficiency disease prevention and control, and achieve the goal of continuous elimination of iodine deficiency disorders.

In mammalian species, females are born with a number of oocytes exceeding what they release via ovulation. In humans, an average girl is born with over a thousand times more oocytes than she will ovulate in her lifetime. The reason for having such an excessive number of oocytes in a neonatal female ovary is currently unknown. However, it is well established that the oocyte number decreases throughout the entire lifetime until the ovary loses them all. In this review, data published in the past 80 years were used to assess the current knowledge regarding the changing number of oocytes in humans and mice, as well as the reported factors that contribute to the decline of oocyte numbers. Briefly, a collective estimation indicates that an average girl is born with approximately 600,000 oocytes, which is 2,000 times more than the number of oocytes that she will ovulate in her lifetime. The oocyte number begins to decrease immediately after birth and is reduced to half of the initial number by puberty and almost zero by age 50 years. Multiple factors that are either intrinsic or extrinsic to the ovary contribute to the decline of the oocyte number. The inflammation caused by the ovulatory luteinizing hormone surge is discussed as a potential contributing factor to the decline of the oocyte pool during the reproductive lifespan.

Objective:To explore the prevalence and risk factors of thyroid diseases in the physical examination population of Hohhot.Methods:From July 2017 to July 2018, 3 100 health examinees from Inner Mongolia National Examination Medical Center were selected as subjects for questionnaire survey, thyroid function test and thyroid ultrasound examination; a multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between relevant investigation factors and different types of thyroid diseases (simple thyroid nodules, simple thyroid dysfunction, and thyroid dysfunction with nodules).Results:Among the 3 100 healthy examinees, there were 2 885 effective responders, including 743 males and 2 142 females, aged (46.23 ± 12.32) years; the simple thyroid nodules, simple thyroid dysfunction, and thyroid dysfunction with nodules were 909, 648, and 619 cases, respectively, and the detection rates were 31.51%, 22.46%, and 21.46%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis results showed that age [35 - 54 years old: odds ratio ( OR) = 1.30, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 1.01 - 1.68; ≥55 years old: OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.68 - 3.14, P < 0.05], gender ( OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.32 - 2.07, P < 0.05), obesity ( OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.08 - 1.70, P < 0.05), and mental stress [significant: OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.09 - 2.48; some: OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.02 - 2.32, P < 0.05] were the risk factors affecting the occurrence of simple thyroid nodules. The age (35 ~ 54, ≥55 years old), gender, bad mood (a little), and mental stress (significant) were risk factors that affected the occurrence of simple thyroid dysfunction; eating high iodine food was its protective factor. The age (35 ~ 54, ≥55 years old), gender, obesity, and thyroid family genetic history were risk factors for thyroid dysfunction with nodules; the consumption of iodized salt was its protective factor. Conclusions:Older women are high-risk groups for thyroid diseases. Obesity, bad mood, mental stress will increase the risk of the disease. Daily consumption of iodized salt and moderate consumption of high iodine food can reduce the risk of the disease.

Objective To understand the iodine nutritional status of medical examination people and the thyroid dysfuction rates under different urinary iodine.Methods A total of 2 650 medical examination people from Inner Mongolia National Examination Medical Center from March to December of 2018 were selected.The average age was (46.2 ± 12.5) years old,including 697 males and 1 953 females.Blood samples were collected for determination of thyroid function [thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb),thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb),free thyroxine (FT4),and free triiodothyronine (FT3)],and according to the results of the examination,people were divided into normal thyroid function,subclinical hypothyroidism,subclinical hyperthyroidism,hypothyroidism,hyperthyroidism,autoimmune antibody abnormalities,and other abnormal groups.Urine samples were collected to detect urinary iodine levels,to analyze the thyroid dysfuction rates of each group people and different urinary iodine.The thyroid function was detected by automatic electrochemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer,the urinary iodine was determined by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.Results Among the 2 650 medical examination people,there were 1 270 patients with abnormal thyroid function,and the total abnormal rate was 47.92％.The abnormal rates of males and females were 28.84％ (201/697) and 54.74％ (1 069/1 953),respectively,and the abnormal rate of females was higher than that of males (x2 =376.19,P ＜ 0.05).The urinary iodine medians of each group were 145.38,152.60,103.21,176.31,134.17,138.92,and 127.00 μg/L,all in the appropriate range of iodine (100-199 μg/L).Thyroid abnormal rates [55.56％ (125/225),50.86％ (445/875)] of urinary iodine ≥ 300 μg/L (iodine excess) group and ＜ 100 μg/L (iodine deficiency) group were higher than that of 100-199 μg/L group [44.70％ (460/1 029),x2 =12.65,12.61,P ＜ 0.05].Among thyroid abnormal people,autoimmune antibody abnormalities people was the most,accounting for 69.61％ (884/1 270).Urinary iodine was positively correlated with FT4 and FT3 (r =0.04,0.05,P ＜ 0.05);FT4 was negatively correlated with TSH and TgAb (r =-0.20,-0.73,P ＜ 0.05),and it was positively correlated with FT3 (r =0.52,P ＜ 0.05);TPOAb was positively correlated with TgAb (r =0.64,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Urinary iodine of medical examination people is in the appropriate range of iodine,indicating that the overall iodine nutritional status is good.However,some people still have iodine excess and iodine deficiency,both of which lead to an increase in thyroid abnormal rate.