Objective To assess the clinical value of prognostic nutritional index(PNI)in predicting the prognosis of patients with advanced liver cancer treated with transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)combined with ablation therapy.Methods A total of 112 patients with advanced liver cancer,who received TACE combined with ablation at the Lishui Municipal Central Hospital of China from January 2020 to January 2024,were enrolled in this study.The general data,survival status,and survival time were collected.The Youden index of PNI was calculated using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve model,and the optimal cutoff value was determined.Based on the optimal cutoff value,the patients were divided into low-PNI group and high-PNI group.The progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)time were compared between the two groups,and the independent risk factors affecting PFS and OS were analyzed.Results The Youden index for PNI was 0.43,and the optimal cutoff value of PNI was 43.95.The low-PNI group included 65 patients,and the high-PNI group included 47 patients.There were no statistically significant differences in the baseline data between the two groups.The median PFS and the median OS in the high-PNI group were 13.21 months(95％CI=4.37-22.03)and 40.80 months(95％CI=31.55-50.05)respectively,which were longer than 9.20 months(95％CI=6.58-11.82)and 21.37 months(95％CI=16.56-26.17)respectively in the low-PNI group,the differences were statistically significant(both P＜0.05).The 6-month,one-year and 2-year PFS in the high-PNI group was 56.95％,47.25％and 33.87％respectively,which were higher than 43.95％,32.56％and 16.31％respectively in the low-PNI group.The one-year,2-year and 3-year cumulative survival rates in the high-PNI group were 80.77％,66.66％and 39.40％respectively,which were higher than 63.79％,34.31％and 27.75％respectively in the low-PNI group.Multivariate regression analysis indicated that the number of nodules,metastasis and PNI significantly affected OS,and metastasis and PNI strikingly affected PFS.High PNI was a protective factor for both PFS and OS.Conclusion For patients with advanced liver cancer treated with TACE combined with ablation therapy,PNI is an effective indicator for predicting the prognosis.

Objective Based on the Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform V2.3.7,analyze the medication pattern and mechanism of action of Chinese medicines commonly used in famous medical cases for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods The core Chinese medicines for AD were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria by searching the famous Chinese medicine cases in the platform,then established the disease-core Chinese medicines-active ingredients-common targets network.The protein-protein interaction network(PPI)was established through the common targets.Gene oncology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses were performed by David platform.Molecular docking and dynamics simulations were employed to evaluate the binding affinity and stability between key targets and active ingredients.Results Data mining was performed on all the famous medical cases from the time of database construction to October 2023,and the results were summarized as follows.The high-frequency regulating Qi medications and tonifying Qi medications were Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus;Panax ginseng,Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus,Codonopsis pilosula,Astragali Radix,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Dioscoreae Rhizoma,and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.The core herbs contained 778 active ingredients and 377 targets;1986 disease targets;79 common targets were obtained after intersection with AD targets,and 7 core targets were identified through PPI network topology analysis,including TNF,AKT1,TP53,PPARG,etc.GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses confirmed that the targets of the active ingredients of the core herbs involved 138 pathways,and the core herbs could regulate chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation、serotonergic synapse、chemical carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen species pathways to treat AD.Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation results showed good binding ability and stability between the key targets and the core components.Conclusion Through data mining to analyze the core herbs for the treatment of AD,the present investigation showing the pharmacological mechanism of 12-O-Nicotinoylisolineolone and Odoratin in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease at the molecular level,lay a certain theoretical foundation of 12-O-Nicotinoylisolineolone and Odoratin in the future.

Objective Based on data mining,network pharmacology,and molecular docking techniques,the medication patterns and underlying mechanisms of the therapeutic approach of trengthening the spleen,transforming stasis and removing toxins methods(JPHYJD)in treating gastric precancerous lesions(GPL)were analyzed.Methods Initially,data mining was conducted to extract relevant literature on the application of JPHYJD in GPL.An analytical network map was then constructed to get the identification of a representative drug set.In the network pharmacology phase.Active compounds and their targets were retrieved from TCMSP,while disease-related targets specific to GPL were sourced from Gene Cards,OMIM,and TTD.A"drug-disease"target intersection was mapped using bioinformatics platforms,and an"active compound-key target"network was constructed in Cytoscape.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)networks were obtained from the STRING database,and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed to elucidate biological processes and pathways.Preliminary validation was conducted using molecular docking technology.Results 63 prescriptions were analyzed,with Baizhu-Ezhu-Danshen-Baihuashecao identified as the most representative drug set.85 active compounds and 590 predicted targets were discovered,intersecting with 4,726 disease-related targets,resulting in 412 key targets.GO and KEGG enrichment analyses yielded 3,541 enriched terms and 196 pathways,respectively.Key compounds,such as quercetin and alexandrin,targeted pivotal proteins like tumor protein 53(TP53),signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3),and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)were implicated in regulating critical pathways like PI3K/AKT,exerting therapeutic effects.Molecular docking results demonstrated stable binding interactions between the core active compounds and their targets,reinforcing the predicted interactions.Conclusion This study,integrating data mining,network pharmacology,and molecular docking techniques,successfully elucidated the therapeutic patterns and underlying mechanisms of the JPHYJD approach in GPL treatment.

The treatment landscape for metastatic renal cell carcinoma(mRCC)has evolved rapidly over the past two decades with the introduction of targeted therapies and novel immune checkpoint inhibitors.Among these developments,cytoreductive nephrectomy(CN)remains a controversial and unresolved issue,with its survival benefits being questioned compared to systemic therapy(ST).The role and optimal timing of CN in the context of modern systemic treatment for mRCC remain unclear.Additionally,there is still no well-defined consensus on patient selection for CN.Therefore,this article provides a concise review of current evidence regarding CN in mRCC,incor-porating the latest renal cancer management guidelines.We focus particularly on optimal surgical timing,candidate patient selection,and the therapeutic value of metastasectomy.Furthermore,we examine the current role of CN in metastatic non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma and explore its evolving clinical applications and future prospects in mRCC treatment.

Objective Based on data mining,network pharmacology,and molecular docking techniques,the medication patterns and underlying mechanisms of the therapeutic approach of trengthening the spleen,transforming stasis and removing toxins methods(JPHYJD)in treating gastric precancerous lesions(GPL)were analyzed.Methods Initially,data mining was conducted to extract relevant literature on the application of JPHYJD in GPL.An analytical network map was then constructed to get the identification of a representative drug set.In the network pharmacology phase.Active compounds and their targets were retrieved from TCMSP,while disease-related targets specific to GPL were sourced from Gene Cards,OMIM,and TTD.A"drug-disease"target intersection was mapped using bioinformatics platforms,and an"active compound-key target"network was constructed in Cytoscape.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)networks were obtained from the STRING database,and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed to elucidate biological processes and pathways.Preliminary validation was conducted using molecular docking technology.Results 63 prescriptions were analyzed,with Baizhu-Ezhu-Danshen-Baihuashecao identified as the most representative drug set.85 active compounds and 590 predicted targets were discovered,intersecting with 4,726 disease-related targets,resulting in 412 key targets.GO and KEGG enrichment analyses yielded 3,541 enriched terms and 196 pathways,respectively.Key compounds,such as quercetin and alexandrin,targeted pivotal proteins like tumor protein 53(TP53),signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3),and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)were implicated in regulating critical pathways like PI3K/AKT,exerting therapeutic effects.Molecular docking results demonstrated stable binding interactions between the core active compounds and their targets,reinforcing the predicted interactions.Conclusion This study,integrating data mining,network pharmacology,and molecular docking techniques,successfully elucidated the therapeutic patterns and underlying mechanisms of the JPHYJD approach in GPL treatment.

Objective Based on the Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform V2.3.7,analyze the medication pattern and mechanism of action of Chinese medicines commonly used in famous medical cases for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods The core Chinese medicines for AD were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria by searching the famous Chinese medicine cases in the platform,then established the disease-core Chinese medicines-active ingredients-common targets network.The protein-protein interaction network(PPI)was established through the common targets.Gene oncology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses were performed by David platform.Molecular docking and dynamics simulations were employed to evaluate the binding affinity and stability between key targets and active ingredients.Results Data mining was performed on all the famous medical cases from the time of database construction to October 2023,and the results were summarized as follows.The high-frequency regulating Qi medications and tonifying Qi medications were Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus;Panax ginseng,Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus,Codonopsis pilosula,Astragali Radix,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Dioscoreae Rhizoma,and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.The core herbs contained 778 active ingredients and 377 targets;1986 disease targets;79 common targets were obtained after intersection with AD targets,and 7 core targets were identified through PPI network topology analysis,including TNF,AKT1,TP53,PPARG,etc.GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses confirmed that the targets of the active ingredients of the core herbs involved 138 pathways,and the core herbs could regulate chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation、serotonergic synapse、chemical carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen species pathways to treat AD.Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation results showed good binding ability and stability between the key targets and the core components.Conclusion Through data mining to analyze the core herbs for the treatment of AD,the present investigation showing the pharmacological mechanism of 12-O-Nicotinoylisolineolone and Odoratin in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease at the molecular level,lay a certain theoretical foundation of 12-O-Nicotinoylisolineolone and Odoratin in the future.

The treatment landscape for metastatic renal cell carcinoma(mRCC)has evolved rapidly over the past two decades with the introduction of targeted therapies and novel immune checkpoint inhibitors.Among these developments,cytoreductive nephrectomy(CN)remains a controversial and unresolved issue,with its survival benefits being questioned compared to systemic therapy(ST).The role and optimal timing of CN in the context of modern systemic treatment for mRCC remain unclear.Additionally,there is still no well-defined consensus on patient selection for CN.Therefore,this article provides a concise review of current evidence regarding CN in mRCC,incor-porating the latest renal cancer management guidelines.We focus particularly on optimal surgical timing,candidate patient selection,and the therapeutic value of metastasectomy.Furthermore,we examine the current role of CN in metastatic non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma and explore its evolving clinical applications and future prospects in mRCC treatment.

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease with increasing incidence rate. Up to now,there is no ideal treatment for AD. It has become a public health problem worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) believes that kidney deficiency is the key symptomatic element of deterioration and temporal progression symptoms,accompanied by the AD process. The treatment of tonifying kidneys,supplementing essence and replenishing marrow is the fundamental method for AD in TCM. Clinical studies have shown that kidney-tonifying formula can significantly improve the cognitive function and daily ability of patients with mild and moderate AD and have no obvious adverse reactions. Its mechanism of action may be related to the protection of nerves,reduction of β-amyloid (Aβ) level in the brain,inhibition of inflammatory factors activation and anti-oxidative stress. Besides reviewing the clinical and pharmacological research progress of kidney-tonifying formula for AD,this article also discusses the advantages and shortcomings of kidney-tonifying formula in the prevention and treatment of AD based on TCM theory and modern medical research. The aim of this study is to provide references of kidney nourishing therapy in TCM for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Background/Aims: To evaluate the causal correlation between complement components and non-viral liver diseases and their potential use as druggable targets. Methods: We conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the causal role of circulating complements in the risk of non-viral liver diseases. A complement-centric protein interaction network was constructed to explore biological functions and identify potential therapeutic options. Results: In the MR analysis, genetically predicted levels of complement C1q C chain (C1QC) were positively associated with the risk of autoimmune hepatitis (odds ratio 1.125, 95% confidence interval 1.018–1.244), while complement factor H-related protein 5 (CFHR5) was positively associated with the risk of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC;1.193, 1.048– 1.357). On the other hand, CFHR1 (0.621, 0.497–0.776) and CFHR2 (0.824, 0.703–0.965) were inversely associated with the risk of alcohol-related cirrhosis. There were also significant inverse associations between C8 gamma chain (C8G) and PSC (0.832, 0.707–0.979), as well as the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (1.167, 1.036–1.314). Additionally, C1S (0.111, 0.018–0.672), C7 (1.631, 1.190–2.236), and CFHR2 (1.279, 1.059–1.546) were significantly associated with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Proteins from the complement regulatory networks and various liver diseaserelated proteins share common biological processes. Furthermore, potential therapeutic drugs for various liver diseases were identified through drug repurposing based on the complement regulatory network. Conclusions Our study suggests that certain complement components, including C1S, C1QC, CFHR1, CFHR2, CFHR5, C7, and C8G, might play a role in non-viral liver diseases and could be potential targets for drug development.

The internal organs and meridians were associated with Yin and Yang, five elements, six qi, and time and space, based on the holistic view of heaven, earth and human, according to Huangdi Neijing. The syndrome differentiation system of six meridians and Zang Fu meridians were established by Shanghan Zabing Lun, on the basis of the three Yin, three Yang, six meridians, and five Zang system in Huangdi Neijing. We put forward the concept of the six meridians syndrome differentiation system of circular motion, considering that the six meridians syndrome differentiation system actually implies the theory of circular motion. The syndrome differentiation system was constructed with the circular model of one qi circulating around the road, rising left and falling right, corresponding up and down, and maintaining conservation in the middle as the core, integrating Yin and Yang, five elements, six qi, Zang Fu and meridians, qi, blood and body fluid, and the integration of heaven, earth and human, focusing on "disease location and disease nature", taking classical prescriptions as the main treatments, and cooperating with external treatments such as acupuncture and moxibustion. We organically combined the circular motion with the syndrome differentiation of the six meridians, systematically interpreted the physiological bases, pathological changes, progressive patterns, and the treatments, based on syndrome differentiation, by inheriting the classical thinking mode of Hetu, Luoshu,Zhouyi, Huangdi Neijing, ShennongHerbal Classic, and Shanghan Zabing Lun.