Abstract To promote adolescents active participation in physical activity and improve sleep quality, the article analyzes the relationship of adolescent physical activity with subjective sleep satisfaction, sleep latency, sleep continuity, sleep efficiency, and sleep duration. It explores potential mechanisms underlying the link between physical activity and sleep quality, including physiological mechanisms (circadian rhythms, body temperature, neuroendocrine systems, and immune function), and psychological mechanisms (stress relief, improvement of negative emotions, and promotion of mental relaxation). Based on existing research, it is recommended that adolescents engage in moderate to vigorous physical activity daily to promote improved sleep quality.

In recent years， repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） has garnered significant attention as a therapeutic approach for sleep disorders in the elderly. However， the prevailing rTMS protocols are predominantly developed based on normative neurophysiological data derived from young adults and fail to incorporate individualized parameters tailored to the brain characteristics of the elderly. To address this gap， the consensus development group synthesized the latest evidence from 2010 to 2025 and established a standardized rTMS protocol specifically for elderly patients with sleep disorders. Adhering to the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II （AGREE II） framework， systematically screened randomized controlled trials （RCTs） and systematic reviews regarding rTMS in the treatment of sleep disorders across various conditions. Meanwhile， the Grading of Recommendations Assessment， Development and Evaluation （GRADE） system was employed to rigorously grade the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations. This consensus guideline delineates precise rTMS protocols for the management of sleep disorders in the elderly， highlights the adjustment of stimulation intensity according to scalp-cortex distance recommends either MRI‑guided neuronavigation or the Beam F3/F4 heuristic approach for accurate target localization， thereby providing precise rTMS intervention protocol for sleep disorders in the elderly， aiming to enhance clinical efficacy while ensuring treatment safety. ［Funded by National Key Research and Development Program （number， 2023YFC3603200）； General Program of Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission （number， JCYJ20240813112859008， JCYJ20240813112900002）； Youth Program of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital （number， KN2023A004）； www.guidelines-registry.cn number， PREPARE-2026CN530］

Poly(lactic-co-glycolide)(PLGA)is a key excipient in long-acting sustained-release preparations,and its degradation properties directly affect the drug release behavior.In this study,PLGA microspheres were prepared by microfluidic techniques,and the morphology changes of the microspheres were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).In alkaline environment,due to the accelerated hydrolysis of ester bonds,the surface of the microspheres was rapidly dissolved and eroded,and the degradation rate was significantly higher than that in acidic environment.High temperature accelerated the degradation of PLGA microspheres.Under neutral and alkaline conditions,the microspheres showed aggregation and adhesion.Under acidic conditions,the microspheres gradually decomposed into irregular fragments.The high ionic strength further promoted the surface corrosion of the microspheres,especially under extreme pH conditions.Simultaneously,PLGA microspheres encapsulating coumarin were prepared to simulate the microsphere formulation.The release rate of coumarin after degradation of the microspheres under different conditions was observed by measuring the absorbance with ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry.The results were consistent with those of the blank microspheres.This study revealed that the degradation of PLGA microspheres was significantly pH-dependent,temperature sensitive and ion strength responsive.These findings not only helped to understand and optimize the long-term stability and controlled release performance of drug-carrying microspheres,but also provided a theoretical basis for further improvement of PLGA-based drug carrier design.

A method for determination and targeted screening of diflorasone components in health products using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)was established.Four representative diflorasone and esters(diflorasone,diflorasone diacetate,diflorasone-17-propionate,and diflorasone-21-propionate)were selected to optimize the pretreatment conditions,and 10 mL of extraction solvent dosage,15 min of extraction time and 5 g of salting-out agent as the optimal conditions were selected by response surface methodology.The results showed that the four analytes exhibited good linearity within the concentration range of 2.0?100 μg/L with the chromatographic peak area,and the correlation coefficients(R2)were all greater than 0.9990,while the results of recovery and relative standard deviation could satisfy the requirements of determination.The common characteristic ions of diflorasone and esters werem/z121 andm/z335,and their specific structures were obtained by analyzing the cleavage pathway based on the optimized determination conditions.A targeted screening method for other esters of diflorasone based on characteristic ions guidance strategy was established.This method had many advantages such as high efficiency,high sensitivity and good reproducibility,and could be used for targeted screening of diflorasone and esters in health products.The developed characteristic ion guided strategy could be employed to construct mass spectral databases for various glucocorticoids,enabling comprehensive targeted screening across a broad range of compounds.

Bongkrekic acid(BA)is a toxin with stable properties and no distinctive smell.It exists in common foods such as fermented edible grain products,potato products,spoiled tremella fuciformis and auricularia polytricha,as well as auricularia polytricha that has been soaked too long.It can easily cause food poisoning.At present,there is still a lack of complete method to detect BA,and no spe-cific antidote of BA has been found.Therefore,BA poisoning is easy to be misdiagnosed or missed diagnosed,and its mortality rate remains high.In recent years,studies have revealed the toxic mecha-nism of BA and found that BA can inactivate some enzymes containing thiol groups(-SH)and in-hibit the synthesis and transport of adenosine triphosphate(ATP),causing damage to liver,kidney,brain and other parenchymal organs.This article reviews the autopsy cases and literature of deaths caused by BA poisoning at home and abroad,systematically summarizes the epidemiology,clinical manifestations,pathological changes,toxicological mechanisms,detection methods,forensic diagnostic key points and challenges of BA in forensic medicine,with the aim of providing a reference for foren-sic identification of related cases.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum microRNA-30a-5p(miR-30a-5p),Runt-associated transcription factor 2(RUNX2)and the severity and prognosis of patients with sepsis-induced acute lung injury(ALI).Methods A total of 193 patients with sepsis-induced ALI(ALI group)and 54 pa-tients with simple sepsis(non-ALI group)admitted to the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical Uni-versity from January 2021 to February 2024 were selected,and the patients with sepsis-induced ALI were di-vided into a mild ALI group(57 cases),a moderate ALI group(64 cases),and a severe ALI group(72 cases)according to the oxygenation index,and were divided into a death group(71 cases)and a survival group(122 cases)according to the 28 day prognosis situation.Serum miR-30a-5p level was detected by real time fluores-cent quantitative PCR,serum RUNX2 level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the binding sites of miR-30a-5p and RUNX2 were predicted by online database.Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between miR-30a-5p and RUNX2 in patients with sepsis-induced ALI,and Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between serum miR-30a-5p,RUNX2 levels and oxygenation index in patients with sepsis-induced ALI.With the prognosis of patients with sepsis-induced ALI as the dependent variable,multivariate unconditional Logistic regression was used to determine their influencing factors,and receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted to evaluate the prognostic val-ue of serum miR-30a-5p and RUNX2 levels in patients with sepsis-induced ALI.Results Compared with the non-ALI group,serum miR-30a-5p level was lower and RUNX2 level was higher in the ALI group(t=-11.749,11.691,P＜0.001).There was a binding site between miR-30a-5p and RUNX2 at the 3'-untranslat-ed region 3 348-3 354.miR-30a-5p was negatively correlated with RUNX2 in patients with sepsis-induced ALI(r=-0.759,P＜0.001).The level of serum miR-30a-5p increased in the severe ALI group,the moderate ALI group and the mild ALI group in turn(P＜0.001),and the level of RUNX2 decreased in the severe ALI group,the moderate ALI group and the mild ALI group in turn(P＜0.001).Oxygenation index was negative-ly correlated with serum miR-30a-5p level(r=-0.749,P＜0.001),and positively correlated with RUNX2 level in patients with sepsis-induced ALI(r=0.723,P＜0.001).Independent protective factors for death in patients with sepsis-induced ALI were increased oxygenation index(OR=0.988,95％CI:0.981-0.996,P＜0.05),elevated miR-30a-5p(OR=0.814,95％CI:0.744-0.892,P＜0.05),and independent risk factors were increased Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)score(OR=1.391,95％CI:1.116-1.734,P＜0.05),elevated blood lactate(OR=1.824,95％CI:1.211-2.748,P＜0.05),and elevated RUNX2(OR=1.366,95％CI:1.170-1.595,P＜0.05).The area under the curve of serum miR-30a-5p and RUNX2 levels combined to predict the death in patients with sepsis-induced ALI was 0.895(95％CI:0.842-0.934),which was greater than 0.788(95％CI:0.724-0.844)of serum miR-30a-5p and 0.786(95％CI:0.721-0.842)of RUNX2 levels alone(Z=4.015,3.746,P＜0.001).Conclusion Increased miR-30a-5p level and decreased RUNX2 level are associated with the aggravation of the disease and the increased risk of death in patients with sepsis-induced ALI.The combination of serum miR-30a-5p and RUNX2 levels has relatively high value in pre-dicting the prognosis of patients with sepsis-induced ALI.

Objective To explore the effect of enhancer of Zeste homolog 2(EZH2)on hepatocellular car-cinoma HepG2 cell proliferation by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Methods The expression lev-els of mRNA and protein of EZH2 in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2,SMMC-7721,BEL-7402 cells and nor-mal hepatocytes were detected by real time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.Transfected siRNA EZH2 and siRNA control in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells.siRNA EZH2 in HepG2 cells and siRNA control were transfected,MTT was used to measure the HepG2 cells' ability to proliferate.Western blot technique was used to identify the expression levels of proteins.By transfecting siRNA EZH2 in HepG2 cells and administering an activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling path-way,MTT assay was used to determine the proliferation ability of cells.Results The EZH2 mRNA and EZH2 protein levels in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2,SMMC-7721 and BEL-7402 cells were higher than those in normal hepatocytes(P＜0.05),and the mRNA and protein levels of EZH2 in HepG2 cells were high-er than those in SMMC-7721 and BEL-7402 cells(P＜0.05).siRNA EZH2 could significantly inhibit the mR-NA and protein levels of EZH2 in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells.After EZH2 expression inhibition,the cell viability of HepG2 cells was lower at 24,48,72 h(P＜0.05),Wnt 1 and β-catenin protein levels were lower(P＜0.05).Conclusion EZH2 is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells,and knock-down of EZH2 significantly inhibits the proliferative ability of HepG2 cells and decreases the levels of proteins related to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in differentiating tumor deposits (TDs) from metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) in rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 70 patients with rectal cancer, including 168 lesions (70 TDs and 98 MLNs confirmed by histopathology), who underwent pretreatment MRI and subsequent surgery between March 2019 and December 2022. The morphological characteristics of TDs and MLNs, along with quantitative parameters derived from DCE-MRI (K trans , kep, and v e) and DWI (ADCmin, ADCmax, and ADCmean), were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Multivariable binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic performance of significant individual quantitative parameters and combined parameters in distinguishing TDs from MLNs. Results: All morphological features, including size, shape, border, and signal intensity, as well as all DCE-MRI parameters showed significant differences between TDs and MLNs (all P < 0.05). However, ADC values did not demonstrate significant differences (all P > 0.05). Among the single quantitative parameters, v e had the highest diagnostic accuracy, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.772 for distinguishing TDs from MLNs. A multivariable logistic regression model incorporating short axis, border, v e, and ADC mean improved diagnostic performance, achieving an AUC of 0.833 (P = 0.027). Conclusion The combination of morphological features, DCE-MRI parameters, and ADC values can effectively aid in the preoperative differentiation of TDs from MLNs in rectal cancer.

Electromagnetic fields can regulate the fundamental biological processes involved in bone remodeling. As a non-invasive physical therapy, electromagnetic fields with specific parameters have demonstrated therapeutic effects on bone remodeling diseases, such as fractures and osteoporosis. Electromagnetic fields can be generated by the movement of charged particles or induced by varying currents. Based on whether the strength and direction of the electric field change over time, electromagnetic fields can be classified into static and time-varying fields. The treatment of bone remodeling diseases with static magnetic fields primarily focuses on fractures, often using magnetic splints to immobilize the fracture site while studying the effects of static magnetic fields on bone healing. However, there has been relatively little research on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis using static magnetic fields. Pulsed electromagnetic fields, a type of time-varying field, have been widely used in clinical studies for treating fractures, osteoporosis, and non-union. However, current clinical applications are limited to low-frequency, and research on the relationship between frequency and biological effects remains insufficient. We believe that different types of electromagnetic fields acting on bone can induce various “secondary physical quantities”, such as magnetism, force, electricity, acoustics, and thermal energy, which can stimulate bone cells either individually or simultaneously. Bone cells possess specific electromagnetic properties, and in a static magnetic field, the presence of a magnetic field gradient can exert a certain magnetism on the bone tissue, leading to observable effects. In a time-varying magnetic field, the charged particles within the bone experience varying Lorentz forces, causing vibrations and generating acoustic effects. Additionally, as the frequency of the time-varying field increases, induced currents or potentials can be generated within the bone, leading to electrical effects. When the frequency and power exceed a certain threshold, electromagnetic energy can be converted into thermal energy, producing thermal effects. In summary, external electromagnetic fields with different characteristics can generate multiple physical quantities within biological tissues, such as magnetic, electric, mechanical, acoustic, and thermal effects. These physical quantities may also interact and couple with each other, stimulating the biological tissues in a combined or composite manner, thereby producing biological effects. This understanding is key to elucidating the electromagnetic mechanisms of how electromagnetic fields influence biological tissues. In the study of electromagnetic fields for bone remodeling diseases, attention should be paid to the biological effects of bone remodeling under different electromagnetic wave characteristics. This includes exploring innovative electromagnetic source technologies applicable to bone remodeling, identifying safe and effective electromagnetic field parameters, and combining basic research with technological invention to develop scientifically grounded, advanced key technologies for innovative electromagnetic treatment devices targeting bone remodeling diseases. In conclusion, electromagnetic fields and multiple physical factors have the potential to prevent and treat bone remodeling diseases, and have significant application prospects.

Objective: To analyze the distribution characteristics of fluoride and trichloromethane in drinking water in rural schools in Guizhou Province and assess their health risks, so as to provide a scientific basis for ensuring the safety of drinking water in rural schools. Methods: During the dry season (March to May) and wet season (July to September) of 2020 to 2022, 788 rural primary and secondary schools in agricultural counties (districts) in Guizhou Province were selected for investigation by using a direct sampling method. A total of 1 566 drinking water samples were collected from these schools, and the mass concentrations of fluoride and trichloromethane in the water samples were detected. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for intergroup comparison, and a health risk assessment model was employed to evaluate the health risks of students oral intake of fluoride and trichloromethane. Results: From 2020 to 2022, the mass concentrations of fluoride and trichloromethane in the drinking water of rural schools in Guizhou Province all met the standards, and the ranges were no detection to 0.99 mg/L and (no detection to 0.06)×10 -3 mg/L, respectively. The mass concentrations of fluoride in dry and wet seasons were 0.05(0.05,0.10), 0.05(0.05,0.10) mg/L, the mass concentrations of trichloromethane were [0.02(0.02,1.00)]×10 -3 , [0.02(0.02,1.00)]×10 -3 mg/L, the mass concentrations of fluoride in factory water and terminal water were 0.05(0.05,0.05), 0.05(0.05,0.10) mg/L, and the differences were not statistically significant ( Z=-0.04, -0.88, - 0.98 , P >0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the mass concentration of trichloromethane between factory water and peripheral water [0.02(0.02,0.02)×10 -3 , 0.02(0.02,1.05)×10 -3 mg/L]( Z=-2.16, P < 0.05 ). The non-carcinogenic risk assessment values for students oral exposure to fluoride and trichloromethane were in the range of 0.01(0.01,0.03)-0.03(0.03,0.06) and [0.26( 0.26 ,14.54)]×10 -4 -[0.52(0.52,48.62)]×10 -4 , respectively, all of which were at acceptable levels; the carcinogenic risk assessment values for oral exposure to trichloromethane were in the range of [0.08(0.08, 4.51 )]×10 -7 -[0.16(0.16,15.07)]×10 -7 , indicating a low risk. Conclusions The health risks of students expore to fluoride and trichloromethane in drinking water in rural schools of Guizhou Province are low. It is necessary to strengthen the standardized management of disinfection in some rural drinking water projects and the monitoring of fluoride in water sources to reduce the exposure risk to children.