ObjectiveTo evaluate the larvicidal effect of ultrasonic waves against Aedes albopictus larvae at various exposure parameters (distance and time), and to preliminarily investigate the effects of different containers (water volume and depth) and ultrasonic devices on the larvicidal efficacy, so as to provide experimental evidence for the application of ultrasound-based mosquito control technology. MethodsUnder controlled laboratory conditions, two commercially available ultrasonic devices [40 kHz/300 W and (50±5) kHz/70 W] were used to systematically examine the effects of exposure distance (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 cm), exposure duration (1, 3, 6, 15 and 60 min), larval instar(Ⅰ‒Ⅱ and Ⅲ‒Ⅳ）, and container type on the immediate mortality of Aedes albopictus larvae collected from urban areas of Shanghai. Statistical analysis of the mortality rates of larvae among different experimental groups was performed using the chi-square test. ResultsUltrasonic exposure exerted a detectable larvicidal effect against Aedes albopictus larvae of all instars. For early-instar larvae, exposure time significantly affected mortality at all tested distances (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 cm), with χ² values ranging from 25.57 to 32.74 ( all P<0.001). No significant distance effect was observed in the first and second instar larvae after short-term exposure (1 and 3 min; P>0.05). However, a distance-dependent effect emerged from 6 min onward (P<0.05). During short-term exposure (1 min and 3 min) at close range (20 cm and 40 cm), the immediate mortality of the third and fourth instar larvae was higher than that of the first and second instar larvae. Conversely, during prolonged exposure (15 min and 60 min), the first and second instar larvae exhibited significantly higher mortality than that of the third and fourth instar larvae. These results indicated that larval mortality was jointly influenced by exposure duration and distance. Preliminary experiments indicated that larvicidal efficacy in shallow water was lower than that in deep water. No significant difference in larvicidal effect was observed between the two ultrasonic devices with different frequencies and power outputs. ConclusionUnder laboratory conditions, ultrasound can effectively kill Aedes albopictus larvae, and the larvicidal effect is jointly influenced by larval instar, exposure distance, and aquatic environment. Compact ultrasonic devices show potential for field application in biological mosquito control.

AIM:To investigate the role and mechanisms of p21 activated kinase 1(Pak1)in myocardial met-abolic reprogramming(MR)in diabetes mellitus(DM)mice and its protective effects on cardiomyocytes.METHODS:Pak1flox/flox(Pak1f/f)mice and cardiomyocyte-specific Pak1 knockout(Pak1CKO)mice were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=6 per group):Pak1f/f group,Pak1f/f+DM group,Pak1CKO group,and Pak1CKO+DM group.Diabetes was induced by in-traperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography 6 weeks after successful mod-eling.Ventricular myocardium was harvested after euthanasia.Myocardial pathological changes and lipid accumulation were assessed by HE staining and oil red O staining.Protein expression levels of Pak1,p-Pak1,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α(PPARα),PPARγ,lipoprotein lipase(LPL),carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1(CPT1),scavenger receptor B2(SCARB2/CD36),fatty acid binding protein 3(FABP3),pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4(PDK4)and the ratio of phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α subunit(p-PDHA1)to PDHA1 were determined by Western blot.The mRNA expression levels of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1/2(DGAT1/2)were detected by RT-qPCR.RESULTS:Compared with Pak1f/f group,both Pak1f/f+DM and Pak1CKO groups showed significantly decreased left ventricular ejection fraction(EF)and fractional shortening(FS),as well as increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LV Vold)and end-systolic volume(LV Vols)(P<0.01).Significant myocardial pathological damage with excessive lipid accumulation was observed.Myocardial p-Pak1 and Pak1 protein expression decreased(P<0.01),while PPARα,PPARγ,CPT1,LPL,CD36,FABP3,and PDK4 protein expression significantly increased(P<0.01),along with elevated p-PDHA1/PDHA1 ratio(P<0.01).mRNA expression levels of DGAT1 and DGAT2 were significantly reduced(P<0.01).The Pak1CKO+DM group showed the same trend as the Pak1f/f+DM group but with greater severity;compared with the Pak1f/f+DM group,the Pak1CKO+DM group still showed significant differences in all indicators except EF,FS,and LVVold(P<0.05 or P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Myocardial Pak1 protein expression is suppressed in diabetic mice,which mediates MR through activation of the PPARα/γ signaling pathway,resulting in increased myocardial fatty acid uptake and utiliza-tion while reducing glucose oxidation capacity.This leads to lipid accumulation in cardiomyocytes,myocardial damage,and cardiac systolic and diastolic dysfunction.

Objective To investigate the effect of LINC00839 on the malignant biological behavior of endometrial cancer cells by regulating the miR-625-5p/cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 (CPEB4) axis. Methods The cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of 46 patients with endometrial cancer were obtained,endometrial cancer cells of HEC-1B,Ishikawa and RL95-2 and human endometrial epithelial cells (HEEC) were cultured in vitro,and the expression levels of LINC00839,miR-625-5p and CPEB4 in tissues and cells were detected. HEC-1B cells were divided into the HEC-1B group (conventional culture),sh-Ctrl group (transfected with sh-Ctrl),sh-LINC00839 group (transfected with shRNA-LINC00839),anti-miR-625-5p group (transfected with shRNA-LINC00839 and miR-625-5p inhibitor),and anti-NC group (transfected with shRNA-LINC00839 and inhibitor-NC). The proliferation,apoptosis,migration and invasion abilities of HEC-1B cells in each group were compared,and the expressions of CPEB4 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins were determined. The targeting relationships between LINC00839 and miR-625-5p,and miR-625-5p and CPEB4 were analyzed. Results The mRNA expression of LINC00839 and CPEB4,as well as the positive expression rate of CPEB4 protein in endometrial cancer tissues were higher than those in adjacent tissues,and the expression of miR-625-5p was lower than that in adjacent tissues (P<0.05). Compared with HEEC cells,the expression of LINC00839 and the mRNA and protein expression of CPEB4 in Ishikawa,RL95-2 and HEC-1B cells increased (P<0.05),and the expression of miR-625-5p decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the sh-LINC00839 group and anti-NC group,the protein expression of N-cadherin,Vimentin,and CPEB4,24-hour absorbance,and migration and invasion cell numbers of HEC-1B cells in the HEC-1B group,sh-Ctrl group and anti-miR-625-5p group increased (P<0.05),while the expression of E-cadherin protein and cell apoptosis rate decreased (P<0.05). There were binding sites between LINC00839 and miR-625-5p,miR-625-5p and CPEB4,with targeting regulatory relationships. Conclusion LINC00839 is related to the malignant biological behavior of endometrial cancer cells,interference with LINC00839 expression can inhibit the proliferation,invasion and migration,and promote apoptosis of HEC-1B cells,and its mechanism may be achieved by regulating the miR-625-5p/CPEB4 axis.

Objective To systematically review the efficacy and safety of tegoprazan in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD).Methods PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,SinoMed,CNKI,VIP,and WanFang Data databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials(RCTs)on tegoprazan for GERD treatment from inception to January 1,2025.Two researchers independently screened the literature,extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software and Stata 16 software.Results A total of 7 RCTs were included,involving 1,329 patients.The results of Meta-analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the overall effective rate between the tegoprazan group and the control group(placebo or proton pump inhibitors)[RR=1.08,95%CI(0.99,1.17),P=0.07].There was also no statistically significant difference in the cure rate between the tegoprazan group and the control group(proton pump inhibitors)[RR=0.99,95%CI(0.96,1.02),P=0.53].Comparing the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events(TEAE)and serious adverse events(SAE)during treatment between the tegoprazan group and the control group,no statistically significant differences were found[TEAE:RR=0.90,95%CI(0.62,1.32),P=0.60;SAE:RR=0.61,95%CI(0.26,1.48),P=0.28].In terms of specific adverse event,the incidence of abnormal liver function was significantly higher in the tegoprazan group compared to the control group[RR=7.60,95%CI(1.40,42.27),P=0.02],while the incidence of other adverse reactions showed no significant differences(P>0.05).Conclusion Tegoprazan has relatively good overall efficacy and safety in the treatment of GERD,and its efficacy is similar to that of proton pump inhibitors,which can be used as an alternative treatment for proton pump inhibitors.Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies,more high-quality RCTs are needed to verify the above conclusion.

AIM:To investigate the role and mechanisms of p21 activated kinase 1(Pak1)in myocardial met-abolic reprogramming(MR)in diabetes mellitus(DM)mice and its protective effects on cardiomyocytes.METHODS:Pak1flox/flox(Pak1f/f)mice and cardiomyocyte-specific Pak1 knockout(Pak1CKO)mice were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=6 per group):Pak1f/f group,Pak1f/f+DM group,Pak1CKO group,and Pak1CKO+DM group.Diabetes was induced by in-traperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography 6 weeks after successful mod-eling.Ventricular myocardium was harvested after euthanasia.Myocardial pathological changes and lipid accumulation were assessed by HE staining and oil red O staining.Protein expression levels of Pak1,p-Pak1,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α(PPARα),PPARγ,lipoprotein lipase(LPL),carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1(CPT1),scavenger receptor B2(SCARB2/CD36),fatty acid binding protein 3(FABP3),pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4(PDK4)and the ratio of phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α subunit(p-PDHA1)to PDHA1 were determined by Western blot.The mRNA expression levels of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1/2(DGAT1/2)were detected by RT-qPCR.RESULTS:Compared with Pak1f/f group,both Pak1f/f+DM and Pak1CKO groups showed significantly decreased left ventricular ejection fraction(EF)and fractional shortening(FS),as well as increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LV Vold)and end-systolic volume(LV Vols)(P<0.01).Significant myocardial pathological damage with excessive lipid accumulation was observed.Myocardial p-Pak1 and Pak1 protein expression decreased(P<0.01),while PPARα,PPARγ,CPT1,LPL,CD36,FABP3,and PDK4 protein expression significantly increased(P<0.01),along with elevated p-PDHA1/PDHA1 ratio(P<0.01).mRNA expression levels of DGAT1 and DGAT2 were significantly reduced(P<0.01).The Pak1CKO+DM group showed the same trend as the Pak1f/f+DM group but with greater severity;compared with the Pak1f/f+DM group,the Pak1CKO+DM group still showed significant differences in all indicators except EF,FS,and LVVold(P<0.05 or P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Myocardial Pak1 protein expression is suppressed in diabetic mice,which mediates MR through activation of the PPARα/γ signaling pathway,resulting in increased myocardial fatty acid uptake and utiliza-tion while reducing glucose oxidation capacity.This leads to lipid accumulation in cardiomyocytes,myocardial damage,and cardiac systolic and diastolic dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) had a good curative effect on the neuroprotection of red nucleus neurons after spinal cord injury (SCI) and the possible molecular mechanism. METHODS: Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups (n=18 per group) according to a random number table, including the control, model, low- (12.78 g/kg, BL group), medium- (25.65 g/kg, BM group), and high-dose BYHWD groups (51.30 g/kg, BH group). A rubrospinal tract transection model in rats was established, and different doses of BYHWD were intragastrically administrated for 4 weeks. The forelimb locomotor function was recorded using the spontaneous vertical exploration test. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level in red nucleus was detected through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The morphology and number of red nucleus neurons were observed using Nissl's staining and axonal retrograde tracing by Fluoro-Gold (FG). The expression of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in red nucleus were detected using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the utilization rate of bilateral forelimbs, unilateral right forelimbs, proportion of FG-labeled positive neurons, cAMP level, protein expressions of PKA and BDNF, and BDNF mRNA expression were significantly decreased in the model group (P<0.01), while NF-κB p65 was increased in the model group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the utilization rate of bilateral forelimbs and unilateral right forelimbs were significantly higher in the BL, BM and BH groups (P<0.01), the proportion of FG-labeled positive neurons, cAMP level, protein expressions of PKA and BDNF and BDNF mRNA expression in all BYHWD groups were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while NF-κB p65 were decreased in all BYHWD groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS BYHWD possesses a sound neuroprotective effect on red nucleus neurons after SCI, and the efficacy was dose-related. The mechanism may be related to regulating the cAMP/PKA/NF-κ B p65 signaling pathway, finally promoting expression of BDNF.
Animals ; Spinal Cord Injuries/pathology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Male ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism* ; Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism* ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics* ; Red Nucleus/metabolism* ; Recovery of Function/drug effects* ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Rats

Peri-implant keratinized mucosa (PIKM) augmentation refers to surgical procedures aimed at increasing the width of PIKM. Consensus reports emphasize the necessity of maintaining a minimum width of PIKM to ensure long-term peri-implant health. Currently, several surgical techniques have been validated for their effectiveness in increasing PIKM. However, the selection and application of PIKM augmentation methods may present challenges for dental practitioners due to heterogeneity in surgical techniques, variations in clinical scenarios, and anatomical differences. Therefore, clear guidelines and considerations for PIKM augmentation are needed. This expert consensus focuses on the commonly employed surgical techniques for PIKM augmentation and the factors influencing their selection at second-stage surgery. It aims to establish a standardized framework for assessing, planning, and executing PIKM augmentation procedures, with the goal of offering evidence-based guidance to enhance the predictability and success of PIKM augmentation.
Humans ; Consensus ; Dental Implants ; Mouth Mucosa/surgery* ; Keratins

Objective:To investigate the application and effect of a competency-oriented teaching model in standardized nutritional diagnosis and treatment training for clinical physicians.Methods:A blended teaching method combining online and offline lectures was used to teach core knowledge and skills of clinical nutrition among clinical physicians by implementing a step-by-step "popularization-strengthening-deepening" strategy. The number of nutritional consultations, the improvement in nutritional diagnosis and treatment among clinical physicians, and the degree of satisfaction after training were used as assessment indices.Results:Compared with the data in 2021, the number of annual nutritional consultations was increased by 21.41% in 2022 and 53.18% in 2023. A total of 281 clinical physicians received online deepening course training, among whom 237 (84.34%) completed the online clinical nutrition knowledge test, with a mean score of (86.17±5.48) points and a pass rate of 81.86% (194/237). The online training received a satisfaction rate of 80.39%.Conclusions:The training program designed with competency-based objectives, systematic content, and diverse methodologies can significantly enhance the standardized thinking and capabilities of clinical physicians in nutritional diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To systematically review the efficacy and safety of tegoprazan in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD).Methods PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,SinoMed,CNKI,VIP,and WanFang Data databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials(RCTs)on tegoprazan for GERD treatment from inception to January 1,2025.Two researchers independently screened the literature,extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software and Stata 16 software.Results A total of 7 RCTs were included,involving 1,329 patients.The results of Meta-analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the overall effective rate between the tegoprazan group and the control group(placebo or proton pump inhibitors)[RR=1.08,95%CI(0.99,1.17),P=0.07].There was also no statistically significant difference in the cure rate between the tegoprazan group and the control group(proton pump inhibitors)[RR=0.99,95%CI(0.96,1.02),P=0.53].Comparing the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events(TEAE)and serious adverse events(SAE)during treatment between the tegoprazan group and the control group,no statistically significant differences were found[TEAE:RR=0.90,95%CI(0.62,1.32),P=0.60;SAE:RR=0.61,95%CI(0.26,1.48),P=0.28].In terms of specific adverse event,the incidence of abnormal liver function was significantly higher in the tegoprazan group compared to the control group[RR=7.60,95%CI(1.40,42.27),P=0.02],while the incidence of other adverse reactions showed no significant differences(P>0.05).Conclusion Tegoprazan has relatively good overall efficacy and safety in the treatment of GERD,and its efficacy is similar to that of proton pump inhibitors,which can be used as an alternative treatment for proton pump inhibitors.Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies,more high-quality RCTs are needed to verify the above conclusion.

Objective:To investigate the application and effect of a competency-oriented teaching model in standardized nutritional diagnosis and treatment training for clinical physicians.Methods:A blended teaching method combining online and offline lectures was used to teach core knowledge and skills of clinical nutrition among clinical physicians by implementing a step-by-step "popularization-strengthening-deepening" strategy. The number of nutritional consultations, the improvement in nutritional diagnosis and treatment among clinical physicians, and the degree of satisfaction after training were used as assessment indices.Results:Compared with the data in 2021, the number of annual nutritional consultations was increased by 21.41% in 2022 and 53.18% in 2023. A total of 281 clinical physicians received online deepening course training, among whom 237 (84.34%) completed the online clinical nutrition knowledge test, with a mean score of (86.17±5.48) points and a pass rate of 81.86% (194/237). The online training received a satisfaction rate of 80.39%.Conclusions:The training program designed with competency-based objectives, systematic content, and diverse methodologies can significantly enhance the standardized thinking and capabilities of clinical physicians in nutritional diagnosis and treatment.