Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

Background and aims The mechanism of cholestatic liver injury (CLI) is unclear, and effective therapies are lacking. While peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonists show potential hepatoprotective effect and pyroptosis is implicated in hepatocellular damage, how PPARα activation mitigates lithocholic acid (LCA)-induced pyroptosis remains unknown. Methods The hepatoprotective effect of PPARα agonists was evaluated in a mouse model of intrahepatic cholestasis induced by LCA. Liver injury was assessed via serum biochemistry, hematoxylin and eosin and TUNEL staining, and electron microscopy. Pyroptosis pathways were analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and co-immunoprecipitation. Results Combined morphological, histopathological, and biochemical analyses confirmed that PPARα activation protects against CLI. Compared with LCA treatment alone, PPARα activation significantly attenuated the elevation of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the increased TUNEL-positive cells, and the formation of hepatocyte membrane pores. Mechanistically, PPARα activation suppressed both NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and apoptosis protease-activating factor-1 (APAF-1)/CASPASE-3/GSDME-mediated pyroptosis. Furthermore, PPARα agonist pretreatment inhibited activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) signaling pathways. Conclusions PPARα protects against LCA-induced CLI by inhibiting both NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis associated with NF-κB and APAF-1/CASPASE-3/GSDME-mediated pyroptosis associated with the FOXO1 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate and compare the epidemiological characteristics of common respiratory viruses among influenza-like illness(ILI)and severe acute respiratory infection(SARI)cases in Huzhou,Zhejiang Province before and after the COVID-19 pandemic,so as to provide a basis for formulating and adjusting the prevention and control strategies for viral respiratory infectious diseases.Methods ILI and SARI cases at two influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Huzhou and had throat swab samples collected during Nov 2017 to Feb 2020(pre-COVID-19 pandemic period)and Dec 2022 to Apr 2024(post-COVID-19 mitigation phase)were selected as the participants.Seven common viral respiratory pathogens were tested,including influenza A virus(H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes),influenza B virus(Victoria lineage,FluB),respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),rhinovirus(HRV),adenovirus(ADV),and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2).The positive rates of respiratory pathogens before and after the COVID-19 pandemic were compared across different age groups and different time.Results A total of 7 948 ILI samples and 2 294 SARI samples were included.The overall positive rate of ILI samples increased from 33.6%to 47.1%,primarily due to the increase in influenza and COVID-19 infections;the overall positive rate of SARI samples decreased from 31.4%to 24.8%,mainly due to the reduction in HRV and ADV infections.During the post-COVID-19 mitigation phase,SARS-CoV-2(22.1%),H3N2(12.7%),and FluB(6.0%)were the primary pathogens in ILI samples,while RSV(7.1%),H3N2(5.3%),and HRV(4.5%)dominated in SARI samples.During the post-COVID-19 mitigation phase,the influenza virus circulation period was shortened.Before the COVID-19 pandemic,RSV was mainly detected in autumn and winter,while during the post-COVID-19 mitigation phase,out-of-season RSV epidemics were observed in spring and summer.Co-infection rate in ILI cases increased significantly in the post-COVID-19 mitigation phase,predominantly consisting of co-infections of COVID-19 and influenza A virus,while co-infection rate in SARI cases showed a decline.Conclusion We found important epidemiological changes in respiratory viruses in Huzhou during the post-COVID-19 mitigation phase compared to pre-COVID-19 period,including increased positive rates of influenza and COVID-19,and disruptions to the seasonal patterns of influenza and RSV.The prevention and control strategies should be adjusted in a timely manner based on the monitoring data.

Objective To propose a precise suctioning scheme for intravenous drug dispensing based on the vial dispensing robot to enhance the quality of finished infusion.Methods Six kinds of typical representative vial drugs were selected as the research objects,including pantoprazole sodium for injection,papaverine hydrochloride for injection,cefuroxime sodium for injection,Bozhi Glycopeptide Injection,Esomeprazole Sodium for Injection and Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate for injection.The optimal suction speed was determined by studying the relationship between the size parameters of vials and the suction speed of robot dispensing,which was used to carry out drug dispensing with the vial dispensing robot to verify whether the minimum drug residue could be obtained with the speed.The drug residue was compared with that by manual dispensing.SPSS 24.0 and Excel 2021 were applied to statistical analysis.Results The optimal suction efficiency and minimized drug residue could be got with the depth of the syringe needle hole into the rubber plug(X)less than the height of the rubber plug(H)and the optimal suction speed(Vs)of 7.48 mm/s;the suction efficiency could be ensured without air drawn in when X not less than H and Vs ranging from 10.64 to 39.31 mm/s.The mean values of the drug residue by the robot were all lower than those by manual dispensing,with the differences being statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The proposed scheme can be used for optimizing the parameters of the vial vial dispensing robot to obtain infusion solution with high stability and reliability,which promotes standardization and normalization of intravenous infusion dispensing process.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(9):45-51]

Objective To propose a precise suctioning scheme for intravenous drug dispensing based on the vial dispensing robot to enhance the quality of finished infusion.Methods Six kinds of typical representative vial drugs were selected as the research objects,including pantoprazole sodium for injection,papaverine hydrochloride for injection,cefuroxime sodium for injection,Bozhi Glycopeptide Injection,Esomeprazole Sodium for Injection and Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate for injection.The optimal suction speed was determined by studying the relationship between the size parameters of vials and the suction speed of robot dispensing,which was used to carry out drug dispensing with the vial dispensing robot to verify whether the minimum drug residue could be obtained with the speed.The drug residue was compared with that by manual dispensing.SPSS 24.0 and Excel 2021 were applied to statistical analysis.Results The optimal suction efficiency and minimized drug residue could be got with the depth of the syringe needle hole into the rubber plug(X)less than the height of the rubber plug(H)and the optimal suction speed(Vs)of 7.48 mm/s;the suction efficiency could be ensured without air drawn in when X not less than H and Vs ranging from 10.64 to 39.31 mm/s.The mean values of the drug residue by the robot were all lower than those by manual dispensing,with the differences being statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The proposed scheme can be used for optimizing the parameters of the vial vial dispensing robot to obtain infusion solution with high stability and reliability,which promotes standardization and normalization of intravenous infusion dispensing process.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(9):45-51]

Objective To elucidate the mechanistic role of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells(BM-MSCs)in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(T-ALL),and to find effective therapeutic strategies targeting BM-MSCs.Methods A T-ALL mouse model induced by Notch-1 overexpression was constructed.An in vitro co-culture system was established to investigate the proliferative capacity of T-ALL cells upon co-culturing with leukemia-derived MSCs.RNA sequencing was performed to identify key differentially expressed genes,which were further validated by PCR.BGJ398 was injected into mice to detect tumor growth.Results Co-culturing with T-ALL-derived MSCs resulted in a significant increase in T-ALL cell proliferation.RNA sequencing results revealed that the secretion of fibroblast growth factor 2(FGF2)from T-ALL-derived MSCs was increased,which binds to fibroblast growth factor 2 receptor(FGFR2)on T-ALL cells,activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.Blocking the interaction between FGF2 and FGFR2 using BGJ398 inhibited the growth of T-ALL tumors in mice.Conclusion BM-MSCs can promote T-ALL tumor growth through FGF2/FGFR2 pathway,and blocking FGF2/FGFR2 pathway is an effective strategy to overcome BM-MSCS-mediated T-ALL progression.

Objective To investigate and compare the epidemiological characteristics of common respiratory viruses among influenza-like illness(ILI)and severe acute respiratory infection(SARI)cases in Huzhou,Zhejiang Province before and after the COVID-19 pandemic,so as to provide a basis for formulating and adjusting the prevention and control strategies for viral respiratory infectious diseases.Methods ILI and SARI cases at two influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Huzhou and had throat swab samples collected during Nov 2017 to Feb 2020(pre-COVID-19 pandemic period)and Dec 2022 to Apr 2024(post-COVID-19 mitigation phase)were selected as the participants.Seven common viral respiratory pathogens were tested,including influenza A virus(H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes),influenza B virus(Victoria lineage,FluB),respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),rhinovirus(HRV),adenovirus(ADV),and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2).The positive rates of respiratory pathogens before and after the COVID-19 pandemic were compared across different age groups and different time.Results A total of 7 948 ILI samples and 2 294 SARI samples were included.The overall positive rate of ILI samples increased from 33.6%to 47.1%,primarily due to the increase in influenza and COVID-19 infections;the overall positive rate of SARI samples decreased from 31.4%to 24.8%,mainly due to the reduction in HRV and ADV infections.During the post-COVID-19 mitigation phase,SARS-CoV-2(22.1%),H3N2(12.7%),and FluB(6.0%)were the primary pathogens in ILI samples,while RSV(7.1%),H3N2(5.3%),and HRV(4.5%)dominated in SARI samples.During the post-COVID-19 mitigation phase,the influenza virus circulation period was shortened.Before the COVID-19 pandemic,RSV was mainly detected in autumn and winter,while during the post-COVID-19 mitigation phase,out-of-season RSV epidemics were observed in spring and summer.Co-infection rate in ILI cases increased significantly in the post-COVID-19 mitigation phase,predominantly consisting of co-infections of COVID-19 and influenza A virus,while co-infection rate in SARI cases showed a decline.Conclusion We found important epidemiological changes in respiratory viruses in Huzhou during the post-COVID-19 mitigation phase compared to pre-COVID-19 period,including increased positive rates of influenza and COVID-19,and disruptions to the seasonal patterns of influenza and RSV.The prevention and control strategies should be adjusted in a timely manner based on the monitoring data.

Objective To design a precision nutrition information management system to improve clinical nutrition diagnosis and treatment.Methods A precision nutrition information management system was developed with such technologies as Internet,big data and remote diagnosis and treatment,which was composed of a hardware system and a software system.The hardware system consisted of a Web and interface server,a database server,a front-end server,a personal digital assistant,a barcode scanner and a label printer;the software system with B/S architecture encapsulated business functions into reusable and easily expandable modular components based on.NET technology stack,which was made up of three subsystems for outpatient nutrition diagnosis and treatment,inpatient nutrition diagnosis and treatment and nutrition stocking management.Results The system developed realized data sharing and interaction among multi information systems,and contributed to implementing rational,normalized and efficient outpatient nutrition diagnosis and treatment,inpatient nutrition support and nutrition stocking management.Conclusion The system developed meets the requirements for clinical nutrition diagnosis and treatment and enhances clinical nutrition service.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(10):41-48]

Objective To design a precision nutrition information management system to improve clinical nutrition diagnosis and treatment.Methods A precision nutrition information management system was developed with such technologies as Internet,big data and remote diagnosis and treatment,which was composed of a hardware system and a software system.The hardware system consisted of a Web and interface server,a database server,a front-end server,a personal digital assistant,a barcode scanner and a label printer;the software system with B/S architecture encapsulated business functions into reusable and easily expandable modular components based on.NET technology stack,which was made up of three subsystems for outpatient nutrition diagnosis and treatment,inpatient nutrition diagnosis and treatment and nutrition stocking management.Results The system developed realized data sharing and interaction among multi information systems,and contributed to implementing rational,normalized and efficient outpatient nutrition diagnosis and treatment,inpatient nutrition support and nutrition stocking management.Conclusion The system developed meets the requirements for clinical nutrition diagnosis and treatment and enhances clinical nutrition service.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(10):41-48]

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effectiveness of single three-dimensional (3D)-printed microporous titanium prostheses and flap combined prostheses implantation in the treatment of large segmental infectious bone defects in limbs. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 76 patients with large segmental infectious bone defects in limbs who were treated between January 2019 and February 2024 and met the selection criteria. Among them, 51 were male and 25 were female, with an age of (47.7±9.4) years. Of the 76 patients, 51 had no soft tissue defects (single prostheses group), while 25 had associated soft tissue defects (flap combined group). The single prostheses group included 28 cases of tibial bone defects, 11 cases of femoral defects, 5 cases of humeral defects, 4 cases of radial bone defects, and 3 cases of metacarpal, or carpal bone defects, with bone defect length ranging from 3.5 to 28.0 cm. The flap combined group included 3 cases of extensive dorsum of foot soft tissue defects combined with large segmental metatarsal bone defects, 19 cases of lower leg soft tissue defects combined with large segmental tibial bone defects, and 3 cases of hand and forearm soft tissue defects combined with metacarpal, carpal, or radial bone defects, with bone defect length ranging from 3.8 to 32.0 cm and soft tissue defect areas ranging from 8 cm×5 cm to 33 cm×10 cm. In the first stage, vancomycin-loaded bone cement was used to control infection, and flap repair was performed in the flap combined group. In the second stage, 3D-printed microporous titanium prostheses were implanted. Postoperative assessments were performed to evaluate infection control and bone integration, and pain release was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS) score. RESULTS: All patients were followed up postoperatively, with an average follow-up time of (35.2±13.4) months. In the 61 lower limb injury patients, the time of standing, walk with crutches, and fully bear weight were (2.2±0.6), (3.9±1.1), and (5.4±1.1) months, respectively. The VAS score at 1 year postoperatively was significantly lower than preoperative one ( t=-10.678, P<0.001). At 1 year postoperatively, 69 patients (90.8%) showed no complication such as infection, fracture, prosthesis displacement, or breakage, and X-ray films indicated good integration at the prosthesis-bone interface. According to the Paley scoring system for the healing of infectious bone defects, the results were excellent in 37 cases, good in 29 cases, fair in 3 cases, and poor in 7 cases. In the single prostheses group, during the follow-up, there was 1 case each of femoral prostheses fracture, femoral infection, and tibial infection, with a treatment success rate of 94.1% (48/51). In lower limb injury patients, the time of fully bear weight was (5.0±1.0) months. In the flap combined group, during the follow-up, 1 case of tibial fixation prostheses screw fracture occurred, along with 2 cases of recurrent foot infection in diabetic patients and 1 case of tibial infection. The treatment success rate was 84.0% (21/25). The time of fully bear weight in lower limb injury patients was (5.8±1.2) months. The overall infection eradication rate for all patients was 93.4% (71/76). CONCLUSION The use of 3D-printed microporous titanium prostheses, either alone or in combination with flaps, for the treatment of large segmental infectious bone defects in the limbs results in good effectiveness with a low incidence of complications. It is a feasible strategy for the reconstruction of infectious bone defects.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Titanium ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Flaps ; Adult ; Prosthesis Implantation/methods* ; Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods* ; Treatment Outcome ; Prostheses and Implants ; Bone Diseases, Infectious/surgery* ; Extremities/surgery* ; Prosthesis Design