Bipolar HF leakage current testing was carried out for two pieces of HF surgical equipment respectively by using a combination of different equipment and different connection methods according to the test method in GB 9706.202-2021 Medical electrical equipment-Part 2-2:Particular requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of high frequency surgical equipment and high frequency surgical accessories.It's pointed out relatively accurate measurements could be obtained when the HF analyzer was accessed to the circuit only as a test resistor and/or ammeter.References were provided for bipolar HF leakage current detection in HF surgical equipment.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(4):88-92]

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy(IIM)often involves cardiovascular system and is an important reason of death in patients with myositi.s Cardiovascular involvement of IIM is usually still under a subclinical state,myocardium and conduction system are mainly affected,congestive heart failure is common and incidence rate of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is high in patient.s The present article makes a review on research progress of IIM related cardiovascular disea-ses,aiming at providing new thinking for screening and diagnosis of IIM related cardiovascular diseases.

The oral cavity of each person is home to hundreds of bacterial species.While taxa for oral diseases have been studied using culture-based characterization as well as amplicon sequencing,metagenomic and genomic information remains scarce compared to the fecal microbiome.Here,using metagenomic shotgun data for 3346 oral metagenomic samples together with 808 published samples,we obtain 56,213 metagenome-assembled genomes(MAGs),and more than 64％of the 3589 species-level genome bins(SGBs)contain no publicly available genomes.The resulting genome collection is representative of samples around the world and contains many genomes from candi-date phyla radiation(CPR)that lack monoculture.Also,it enables the discovery of new taxa such as a genus Candidatus Bgiplasma within the family Acholeplasmataceae.Large-scale metagenomic data from massive samples also allow the assembly of strains from important oral taxa such as Por-phyromonas and Neisseria.The oral microbes encode genes that could potentially metabolize drugs.Apart from these findings,a strongly male-enriched Campylobacter species was identified.Oral sam-ples would be more user-friendly collected than fecal samples and have the potential for disease diagnosis.Thus,these data lay down a genomic framework for future inquiries of the human oral microbiome.

The vagina contains at least a billion microbial cells,dominated by lactobacilli.Here we perform metagenomic shotgun sequencing on cervical and fecal samples from a cohort of 516 Chinese women of reproductive age,as well as cervical,fecal,and salivary samples from a second cohort of 632 women.Factors such as pregnancy history,delivery history,cesarean section,and breastfeeding were all more important than menstrual cycle in shaping the microbiome,and such information would be necessary before trying to interpret differences between vagino-cervical micro-biome data.Greater proportion of Bifidobacterium breve was seen with older age at sexual debut.The relative abundance of lactobacilli especially Lactobacillus crispatus was negatively associated with pregnancy history.Potential markers for lack of menstrual regularity,heavy flow,dysmenor-rhea,and contraceptives were also identified.Lactobacilli were rare during breastfeeding or post-menopause.Other features such as mood fluctuations and facial speckles could potentially be predicted from the vagino-cervical microbiome.Gut and salivary microbiomes,plasma vitamins,metals,amino acids,and hormones showed associations with the vagino-cervical microbiome.Our results offer an unprecedented glimpse into the microbiota of the female reproductive tract and call for international collaborations to better understand its long-term health impact other than in the settings of infection or pre-term birth.

Objective:To explore the molecular mechanism of Jiangtang Xiaozhi tablets （JTXZT） in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） by means of network pharmacology and molecular docking. Method:With the help of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP）， TCMs Integrated Database （TCMID）， Encyclopedia of TCM （ETCM） and Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of TCM （BATMAN-TCM）， the chemical compositions of medicinal materials in JTXZT were obtained， the compound targets were predicted in SwissTargetPrediction database and STITCH database. The targets of NAFLD were searched by The Human Gene Database （GeneCards）， Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM）， Therapeutic Target Database （TTD） and DisGeNET， and intersection analysis was performed with the targets of the active ingredients to obtain the targets of JTXZT for treatment of NAFLD. Based on STRING 11.0 database， the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network of therapeutic targets was constructed， and the enrichment analysis of therapeutic targets was carried out by DAVID 6.8. Finally， the interaction characteristics of key components and core therapeutic targets of JTXZT for treatment of NAFLD were verified based on molecular docking. Result:The key components of JTXZT for treatment of NAFLD were quercetin， luteolin， kaempferol， berberine， isorhamnetin， betulinic acid， oleanolic acid， ursolic acid. formononetin and hexitol， and the core targets of JTXZT for treatment of NAFLD were mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 （MAPK1）， Jun proto-oncogene， activator protein-1 （AP-1） transcription factor subunit （JUN）， MAPK3， protein kinase B1 （AKT1 or Akt1）， tumor protein p53 （TP53）， E1A binding protein p300 （EP300）， Fos proto-oncogene， AP-1 transcription factor subunit （FOS）， tumor necrosis factor （TNF），amyloid beta precursor protein （APP） and cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 （CYP2E1）. Biological function and pathway enrichment analysis showed that JTXZT mainly through xenobiotic metabolic process， oxidation-reduction process， cholesterol metabolic process and other biological processes， regulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） signaling pathway， MAPK signaling pathway， NAFLD and insulin signaling pathway to play a role in the treatment of NAFLD. The results of molecular docking showed that the active components of JTXZT had a good affinity with the core targets of JTXZT for the treatment of NAFLD. Conclusion:JTXZT treats NAFLD through multiple active components， multiple key targets and multiple action pathways.

Objective:To study the extraction method and characteristics of vesicle-like nanoparticles （VLNs） in Astragali Radix decoction， and to explore the mechanism of the VLNs in reducing blood glucose by regulating the gut microbiota of db/db diabetic mice. Method:Ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography were used to enrich VLNs from Astragali Radix decoction， and the morphology， particle size and concentration of the VLNs were analyzed by transmission electron microscope and nanoparticle tracking analyzer. The db/db diabetic mice were randomly divided into model group， Astragali Radix VLNs high-， medium- and low-dose （21.1， 10.6， 5.3 g·kg^-1） groups and metformin group （0.25 g·kg^-1） according to their blood glucose levels. There were 7 mice in each group， and another 7 C57BL/6 mice were set as the normal group. The mice were given intragastrically for 3 weeks （once a day）， and the changes of fasting blood glucose were observed every week. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of liver and pancreas of diabetic mice. The feces of mice were collected for 16S rRNA diversity detection of intestinal microbes. Result:The size of the nanoparticles obtained by the two methods was about 200 nm. Astragali Radix VLNs extracted by ultracentrifugation had a typical saucer-like shape with the concentration of 3.0×10¹¹ particles·mL^-1. The morphology of Astragali Radix VLNs obtained by size exclusion chromatography was relatively poor with the concentration of 2.2×10¹¹ particles·mL^-1. After 3 weeks of administration， compared with the model group， Astragali Radix VLNs high-， medium- and low-dose groups could significantly reduce the fasting blood glucose of diabetic mice （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The VLNs could improve the gut microbiota dysbiosis， significantly decrease the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota， and increase the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and reduce the relative abundance of harmful bacteria. Conclusion:Astragali Radix VLNs may reduce the blood glucose of db/db diabetic mice by adjusting the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota in the intestinal flora.

The hawthorn leaves have the effect of activating blood, removing blood stasis, regulating qi through the veins, dissolving turbidity and lowering lipid. Procyanidinis is one of its main active components and plays an important role in regulating vasoactivity. Previous studies showed that the regulating effect of procyanidins was related to its regulation on nitric oxide secretion from vascular endothelial cells, and this effect was dependent on the extracellular calcium concentration, suggesting that the changes in intracellular calcium ion concentration in endothelial cells may play a key role in this process. However, the research on this issue is still insufficient so far. This study is aimed to observe the effect of hawthorn leaf oligomeric procyanidins (HLP) on calcium mobilization of vascular endothelial cells, and investigate the underlying mechanism. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured and labeled with Fura-2. HUVEC were treated with HLP at concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg·L⁻¹, and the intracellular calcium concentrations were measured with a living cell microscope for 30 min. HLP increased the intracellular calcium concentration of HUVEC in a concentration dependent manner; and the intracellular calcium concentrations in 25 and 50 mg·L⁻¹ HLP groups were significantly higher than that in the normal group. With the use of calcium-free incubation buffer, addition of calcium chelating agent EGTA in incubation buffer, or use of inhibitors for sodium calcium exchanger, the effect of HLP was significantly inhibited. On the other hand, the effect of HLP could also be weakened by inhibiting the calcium release from the intracellular storage. In conclusion, these results suggest that HLP can elicit calcium mobilization in vascular endothelial cells, which may be one of the mechanisms for its vascular modulatory activity; and this calcium mobilizing effect may be achieved through promoting both extracellular calcium influx and intracellular calcium release, additionally the former may be related to activating the reverse transport of Na⁺-Ca²⁺ exchangers on the cell membrane.

The point of this study is to explore and investigate mechanisms of Buyang Huanwu decoction for treatment of cerebral infarction (CI) using a network pharmacology approach. First, TCMSP database, DrugBank database and PharmMapper server were used and combined with oral bioavailability and drug analysis to screen the components of Buyang Hanwu decoction and predict the potential targets. Then, Cytoscape 3.5.1 software was used to construct compounds-targets network and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks for targets of compounds and CI-related targets and merge the two PPI networks to acquire active targets. Finally, gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis of active targets were carried out by DAVID online analysis tool and KOBAS 3.0 software. In total of 150 screened compounds and 232 potential targets were obtained. And in total of 208 active targets were finally determined by merging networks. Results indicated that Buyang Huanwu decoction might have a role in treating CI by regulating some biological processes including response to drug, aging, response to hypoxia, and blood coagulation, and some molecular function, such as protein binding, enzyme binding and serine-type endopeptidase activity. The mechanisms might be concerned with PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway and cAMP signaling pathway. Among them, the regulation of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway might be one of the most crucial mechanisms.

This work was designed to investigate proteins differentially expressed in cultivated Pseudostellaria heterophylla and its wild type using iTRAQ proteomics approach. The extracted proteins were digested using FASP method and identified by iTRAQ coupled with LC-MS/MS technology and then analyzed by Protein Pilot 5.0 search engine. Proteins differentially expressed were searched through comparison of relatively quantified proteins. The analysis was conducted using GO (gene ontology), KEGG and STRING. A total of 3 775 proteins were detected, among them, 3 676 proteins can be quantified, of which 127 proteins were up-regulated and 205 were down-regulated in cultivated Pseudostellaria heterophylla. We found 71 significantly differentially expressed proteins for further analysis. These proteins were classified into nine categories:heat shock proteins, transferases, oxidoreductases, lyases, isomerases, ligases, hydrolases, tubulin and translocases. The results indicated that the carbohydrate and cellular amino acids metabolism of cultivated Pseudostellaria heterophylla were weaker than its wild type and its ability of responding to stress was much stronger. GWD1, PHS1, GBE1, PGM, and BAM1 are the important proteins to regulate sucrose; metE and CYS are the key proteins that regulate amino acids in cultivated and wild Pseudostellaria heterophylla. This will provide the basic information for exploring the cause of secondary metabolites differences in different ecotype of Pseudostellaria heterophylla and the protein mechanism of its quality formation.

Background: The molecular prognostic markers and carcinogenesis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) have not been well documented. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of the eyes absent homolog 4 (EYA4) gene in ICC and its biological effects on ICC growth in vitro and in vivo. Methods: One hundred twelve patients with ICC who underwent hepatectomy were enrolled in the study. EYA4 mRNA and EYA4 protein levels in ICC and adjacent non?tumoral tissues were evaluated using real?time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. EYA4 protein levels in ICC cells were determined using western blot analysis. The associations between EYA4 expression and clinicopathologic features of ICC were analyzed. To identify independent prognostic factors, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. The biological effects of EYA4 on ICC cells were evaluated by establishing stable EYA4?overexpressing transfectants in vitro, and EYA4’s effects on tumor growth were evaluated by intra?tumoral injection of EYA4?expressing plasmids in a NOD/SCID murine model of xenograft tumors. Results: ICC tissues had signiifcantly lower EYA4 mRNA and protein levels compared with adjacent non?tumoral tis?sues (both P<0.001). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that EYA4 protein level, tumor number, adjacent organ invasion, lymph node metastasis, and tumor differentiation were independent prognostic factors for disease?free survival and overall survival (all P<0.05). In vitro, EYA4 overexpression inhibited tumor cell growth, foci formation, and cell invasiveness. In vivo, intra?tumoral injection of EYA4?expressing plasmids signiifcantly inhibited ICC growth in the murine xenograft model compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: EYA4 gene functioned as a molecular prognostic marker in ICC, and its overexpression inhibited tumor growth in vitro and in vivo.