Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases in Shanghai Municipality from 2020 to 2024, so as to provide insights into dynamic adjustment of imported malaria control strategies. Methods All data pertaining to malaria cases reported in Shanghai Municipality from 2020 to 2024 were collected from Infectious Diseases Reporting Information Management System and Parasitic Diseases Prevention and Control Information Management System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and epidemiological investigation reports of malaria cases. The type of malaria cases, source of acquiring infections, temporal, spatial and population distributions of malaria cases, type of initial diagnosis institutions, accuracy of initial diagnosis, time interval from disease onset to initial diagnosis, and the time interval from initial diagnosis to diagnosis were statistically analyzed. The monthly distribution of malaria cases was analyzed using a circular distribution method. Results A total of 124 malaria cases were reported in Shanghai Municipality from 2020 to 2024, with 14, 52, 22, 8 and 28 cases annually, respectively, and all cases were overseas imported cases. Plasmodium falciparum malaria was the predominant type, accounting for 82.26% (102/124) of all malaria cases, while P. ovale, P. vivax and P. malariae malaria accounted for 8.06% (10/124), 7.26% (9/124) and 2.42% (3/124) of reported cases, respectively. Malaria cases acquired infections from 28 countries in 4 continents, with African countries as a major source of acquiring infections (96.77%, 120/124). Malaria cases were reported across all 16 districts in Shanghai Municipality. There were peaks in numbers of reported malaria cases in May 2021 (9 cases) and November 2021 (9 cases); however, there was no concentration trend in the reporting time of malaria cases from 2020 to 2024 (Z = 2.45, P > 0.05). The reported malaria cases included 116 males and 8 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 14.5∶1.0, and had a median age of 39 (17) years. Worker was the primary occupation of reported malaria cases, accounting for 48.39% (60/124) of all reported cases. City-level medical institutions were the predominant initial diagnosis institutions (75.81%, 94/124). The overall accuracy of initial diagnosis was 74.19% (92/124), and the median time interval from disease onset to initial diagnosis was 0 (2) day (healthcare seeking on the day of disease onset), with 72.58% (90/124) of malaria cases seeking healthcare services within one day. The median time interval from initial diagnosis to diagnosis was 2 (3) days, with 41.94% (52/124) of malaria cases that were definitively diagnosed within one day following initial diagnosis. There were significant differences in the accuracy of initial malaria diagnosis (χ² = 15.01, P < 0.05), the time interval from disease onset to initial diagnosis (H = 29.30, P < 0.001), and the time interval from initial diagnosis to diagnosis (H = 22.92, P < 0.001) among years from 2020 to 2024, and the time interval from disease onset to initial diagnosis (Z = -5.09, P < 0.001) and the time interval from initial diagnosis to diagnosis (Z = -4.14, P < 0.001) were both shorter during the period from 2020 to 2022 than those recorded from 2023 to 2024. In addition, a total of 2 malaria deaths were reported in Shanghai Municipality during the period from 2020 to 2024, both caused by P. falciparum malaria. Conclusions The numbers of malaria cases fluctuated continuously in Shanghai Municipality from 2020 to 2024. It is recommended to continuously strengthen surveillance and response measures, improve malaria diagnosis and treatment capabilities, and conduct targeted health education activities among high-risk populations, such as labors going to overseas malaria hyper-endemic areas, so as to prevent re-establishment of imported malaria.

According to the principle and current domestic and international construction processes of core outcome set(COS) and the characteristics of post-stroke aphasia, this study built COS with evidence-based support for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatment of post-stroke aphasia. Firstly, a comprehensive review was conducted on the articles about the TCM treatment of post-stroke aphasia that were published in the four major Chinese databases, three major English databases, and three clinical registration centers over the past five years. The articles were analyzed and summarized, on the basis of which the main part of the COS for clinical research on the TCM treatment of post-stroke aphasia was formed. Secondly, clinical doctors and related nursing personnel were interviewed, and important outcome indicators in the clinical diagnosis and treatment process were supplemented to form a pool of core outcome indicators. Two rounds of Delphi surveys were carried out to score the importance of the core outcome indicators in the pool. Finally, a consensus meeting of experts was held to establish the COS for clinical research on the TCM treatment of post-stroke aphasia. The final COS included a total of 268 studies [236 randomized controlled trials(RCTs), 21 Meta-analysis, and 11 clinical registration protocols] and 20 open questionnaire survey results. After two rounds of Delphi surveys, a total of 14 outcome indicators and their corresponding measurement tools were included in the expert consensus meeting. The final expert consensus meeting determined the COS for post-stroke aphasia, which included 9 indicator domains and 12 outcome indicators.
Humans ; Aphasia/therapy* ; Stroke/complications* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Treatment Outcome

This study explored the active ingredients for anti-angiogenesis in Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum. Ten sesquiterpenoids were isolated from Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum by silica gel column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. According to the results of multiple spectroscopic methods and circular dichroism, they were identified as wenyujinlactam A(1),(4S,7S)11-hydroxycurdione(2), 8,9-seco-4β-hydroxy-1α,5βH-7(11)-guaen-8,10-olide(3), curcumadione(4), phaeocaulisin E(5), procurcumadiol(6), zedouronediol(7), epiprocurcumenol(8), gajutsulactone A(9), and(7Z)-1β,4α-dihydroxy-5α,8β(H)-eudesm-7(11)-en-8,12-olide(10). Compounds 1 and 2 were new sesquiterpenoids. Compounds 1, 6, 8, and 10 can inhibit human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC) proliferation with IC_(50) values of 38.83, 45.19, 32.12, and 37.80 μmol·L~(-1), respectively. Compounds 1 and 10 can inhibit HUVEC migration with IC_(50) values of 29.70 and 36.48 μmol·L~(-1), respectively.
Sesquiterpenes/isolation & purification* ; Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification* ; Rhizome/chemistry* ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects* ; Molecular Structure ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects*

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study. METHODS: A general population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted at four sites in rural China between 2013 and 2023. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and mortality. Stratified analyses were performed based on the individual characteristics of the participants. RESULTS: Overall, 19,107 participants with a sum of 163,095 person-years were included and 1,910 participants died. The underweight (< 18.5 kg/m ²) presented an increase in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [ aHR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.66-2.41), while overweight (≥ 24.0 to < 28.0 kg/m ²) and obesity (≥ 28.0 kg/m ²) presented a decrease with an aHR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.52-0.73) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.37-0.70), respectively. Overweight ( aHR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67-0.86) and mild obesity ( aHR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59-0.87) had a positive impact on mortality in people older than 60 years. All-cause mortality decreased rapidly until reaching a BMI of 25.7 kg/m ² ( aHR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98) and increased slightly above that value, indicating a U-shaped association. The beneficial impact of being overweight on mortality was robust in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION This study provides additional evidence that overweight and mild obesity may be inversely related to the risk of death in individuals older than 60 years. Therefore, it is essential to consider age differences when formulating health and weight management strategies.
Humans ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data* ; Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Adult ; Mortality ; Cause of Death ; Obesity/mortality* ; Overweight/mortality*

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of intestinal ultrasound (IUS) for organic lesions in the intestines of patients with chronic abdominal pain or diarrhea. Methods The IUS signs in 263 patients with chronic abdominal pain or diarrhea were retrospectively analyzed.With the endoscopic examination results as the gold standard,comparison was performed for the IUS signs between the groups with positive and negative endoscopic results,as well as between the inflammatory bowel disease group and the non-specific intestinal inflammation group of positive cases.Furthermore,the detection rates of IUS in different intestinal segments were analyzed to evaluate the accuracy of IUS in the diagnosis and localization of intestinal lesions. Results Among the 263 patients,194 (73.8%) and 69 (26.2%) patients were in the groups with positive and negative endoscopic results,respectively.The diagnosis sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of IUS were 82.0%,71.0%,and 79.1%,respectively.The proportions of positive IUS signs in the group with positive endoscopic results were higher than that in the group with negative endoscopic results (all P<0.001).The proportions of positive IUS signs in the inflammatory bowel disease group were higher than those in the non-specific bowel inflammation group (all P<0.001).When the lesion was located in the ileum,ileocecal region,and colon,IUS demonstrated good consistency with endoscopic results in locating the lesion (kappa=0.642,0.686,and 0.601,respectively),with sensitivity and specificity of 82.7% (95%CI=75.4%-88.6%) and 81.5% (95%CI=73.5%-87.9%),73.7% (95%CI=62.3%-83.1%) and 93.0% (95%CI=88.4%-96.2%),and 68.9% (95%CI=58.3%-78.2%) and 89.6% (95%CI=84.1%-93.7%),respectively. Conclusions IUS can be used for screening the patients with chronic abdominal pain or diarrhea to detect organic lesions in the intestines. Moreover,it can effectively locate the affected intestinal segment,which is helpful for the monitoring and follow-up of intestinal diseases.
Humans ; Diarrhea/diagnostic imaging* ; Female ; Male ; Abdominal Pain/diagnostic imaging* ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Ultrasonography ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Young Adult ; Intestines/diagnostic imaging* ; Adolescent ; Chronic Disease ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Aged, 80 and over

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1(TRPV1)-mediated microglia autophagy in postherpetic neuralgia.Methods:Forty mice were randomly divided into control group,postherpetic neuralgia(PHN)group,PHN-sh-NC group,and PHN-sh-TRPV1 group,with 10 mice in each group.We tested the mice's mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT)and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL);measured serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;assessed the formation of au-tophagosomes in the spinal cord tissues by transmission electron microscopy;measured the expression of microtubule-associated pro-tein 1 light chain 3(LC3)and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1(Iba-1)in the spinal cord tissues by immunofluorescence assay;and determined the protein expression of Beclin-1,microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B(LC3B),and p62 in the spinal cord tissues by Western blot.Results:Compared with the control group,the PHN group and PHN-sh-NC group had sig-nificant decreases in MWT,serum BNDF level(t=10.49,P<0.001),and p62(P=0.004)protein expression in the spinal cord tissues and significant increases in TWL,serum TNF-α(t=26.27,P<0.001),IL-1β(t=17.0,P<0.001),and IL-6 levels(t=25.48,P<0.001),and the expression of Iba-1(P=0.002),LC3(P<0.001),LC3B(P=0.001),and Beclin-1 proteins(P=0.001)in the spinal cord tissues.Compared with the PHN group,the PHN-sh-TRPV1 group had a significantly higher MWT,a significantly higher serum BNDF level(t=5.174,P<0.001,a significantly higher p62 protein expression level(P<0.001)in the spinal cord tissues,a significantly lower TWL,significantly lower serum TNF-α(t=20.57,P<0.001),IL-1β(t=8.260,P<0.001),and IL-6 levels(t=19.81,P<0.001),and signifi-cantly lower expression levels of Iba-1(P<0.001),LC3(P<0.001),LC3B(P=0.001),and Beclin-1(P<0.001)in the spinal cord tis-sues.Conclusion:Microglia autophagy is activated in the spinal cord of PHN mice,and suppressing the expression of TRPV1 can in-hibit microglia autophagy to relieve pain in PHN mice.

With the rapid development of population aging in various countries around the world,the health and elderly care industry has been paid high attention.The standardization of smart health and elderly care technology and services is particularly important.This paper firstly reviewed the policies related to healthy elderly care in China.By analyzing the industrial standards and provincial standards issued,this paper focused on the policies proposed by the Shanghai Municipal Government for the standardization of smart health and elderly care,as well as the researches on the standard system and the construction of standard families.Shanghai group standards in the field of smart health and elderly care were summarized,including the guidelines for the construction of standard systems,elderly care service platforms,community elderly cafeterias,portable health monitoring terminals,indoor sports services,and home-based elderly care safety monitoring.A series of case analyses of the standardized implementation of the above aspects were also provided.Through standardization research and practice in recent years,it has been fully demonstrated that the standard research plays an important leading role in the field of smart health and elderly care.

ObjectiveTo understand the seropositivity of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) and low-level NAb against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the community residents, and to explore the impact of COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection on the levels of NAb in human serum. MethodsOn the ground of surveillance cohort for acute infectious diseases in community populations in Shanghai, a proportional stratified sampling method was used to enroll the subjects at a 20% proportion for each age group (0‒14, 15‒24, 25‒59, and ≥60 years old). Blood samples collection and serum SARS-CoV-2 NAb concentration testing were conducted from March to April 2023. Low-level NAb were defined as below the 25^th percentile of NAb. ResultsA total of 2 230 participants were included, the positive rate of NAb was 97.58%, and the proportion of low-level NAb was 25.02% (558/2 230). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age, infection history and vaccination status were correlated with low-level NAb (all P<0.05). Individuals aged 60 years and above had the highest risk of low-level NAb. There was a statistically significant interaction between booster vaccination and one single infection (aOR=0.38, 95%CI: 0.19‒0.77). Compared to individuals without vaccination, among individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 once, both primary immunization (aOR=0.23, 95%CI: 0.16‒0.35) and booster immunization (aOR=0.12, 95%CI: 0.08‒0.17) significantly reduced the risk of low-level NAb; among individuals without infections, only booster immunization (aOR=0.28, 95%CI: 0.14‒0.52) showed a negative correlation with the risk of low-level NAb. ConclusionsThe population aged 60 and above had the highest risk of low-level NAb. Regardless of infection history, a booster immunization could reduce the risk of low-level NAb. It is recommended that eligible individuals , especially the elderly, should get vaccinated in a timely manner to exert the protective role of NAb.

High mobility group box protein 1(HMGB1)is one of the most widely expressed protein member in the HMGs family,which is well known for its involvement in the body inflammatory response.Previous researches have found that it plays a significant role in cell migration,immune identification and neuroprotection.Spinal cord injury is a disease that causes severe damage to the nervous system,and neural circuits are disrupted after a spinal cord injury,which leads to many conditions including ischemia and hypoxia,inflammatory responses,demyelinating lesions,and glial scar formation that are detrimental to nerve regeneration and repair,making it one of the most difficult diseases to treat in the modern spinal surgery field.HMGB1 is upregulated after spinal cord injury,thereby regulating neuroinflam-matory responses,and participating in the neuronal apoptosis,promoting neuronal regeneration,and inducing neural stem cell differentiation and migration,which plays an important role in the process of neural function recovery.This paper summarizes the structure and function of HMGB1,as well as its role in spinal cord injury,in order to provide direction for founding therapeutic target for neurological function recovery after spinal cord injury.