BACKGROUND:In previous studies,glass materials were infiltrated into 5Y-PSZ ultra-translucent zirconia by a double sintering method to prepare 5Y-PSZ-YGI graded glass infiltrated ultra-translucent zirconia materials that can maintain high transparency and high flexural strength.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of 5Y-PSZ-YGI graded glass infiltrated ultra-translucent zirconia materials.METHODS:(1)Glass materials were infiltrated into 5Y-PSZ ultra-translucent zirconia by double sintering to prepare 5Y-PSZ-YGI graded glass infiltrated ultra-translucent zirconia.5Y-PSZ-YGI graded glass infiltrated ultra-translucent zirconia(or 5Y-PSZ ultra-translucent zirconia,3Y-TZP transparent zirconia)was placed in DMEM culture medium containing 10％fetal bovine serum for 12,24 and 72 hours,and the surface area ratio of culture medium to sample was 3 mL/cm2,and the 12-,24-and 72-hour material extracts were obtained.(2)After culturing mouse fibroblast L929 for 24 hours,the original culture medium was discarded and divided into 7 groups for culture:the control group was replaced with DMEM culture medium containing 10％fetal bovine serum by volume,and the other 6 groups were replaced with 24-hour extract of 3Y-TZP transparent zirconia,24-hour extract of 5Y-PSZ ultra-translucent zirconia,24-hour extract of 5Y-PSZ-YGI graded glass infiltrated ultra-translucent zirconia,72-hour extract of 3Y-TZP transparent zirconia,72-hour extract of 5Y-PSZ ultra-translucent zirconia,and 72-hour extract of 5Y-PSZ-YGI graded glass infiltrated ultra-translucent zirconia.After 1,3,and 5 days of culture,cell growth was observed under a microscope,and the cell proliferation rate was obtained by CCK-8 assay to determine cytotoxicity.(3)Human anticoagulated blood was mixed with 5Y-PSZ-YGI graded glass infiltrated ultra-translucent zirconia,5Y-PSZ ultra-translucent zirconia,and 3Y-TZP transparent zirconia,and the hemolysis rate was detected after 0.5 hours.Human anticoagulated blood was mixed with 12-hour extract of 3Y-TZP transparent zirconia,12-hour extract of 5Y-PSZ ultra-translucent zirconia,and 12-hour extract of 5Y-PSZ-YGI graded glass infiltrated ultra-translucent zirconia,and the hemolysis rate was detected after 0.5 hours.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Under the microscope,it could be seen that the number of cells in each group increased with the extension of culture time,and the cell morphology of each experimental group was basically the same as that of the control group.The cytotoxicity grade of the 24-hour extract of 3Y-TZP transparent zirconia group on the first day of culture was grade 0,and the cytotoxicity grade of the other experimental groups at each time period was grade 1.(2)Neither the material nor the material extract caused obvious hemolytic reaction,and the hemolytic rate was less than 5％.(3)The results showed that 5Y-PSZ-YGI graded glass infiltrated ultra-translucent zirconia had no significant effect on the growth and proliferation of mouse fibroblasts L929,and did not cause hemolytic reaction with human blood,and had good in vitro biocompatibility.

BACKGROUND:In previous studies,glass materials were infiltrated into 5Y-PSZ ultra-translucent zirconia by a double sintering method to prepare 5Y-PSZ-YGI graded glass infiltrated ultra-translucent zirconia materials that can maintain high transparency and high flexural strength.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of 5Y-PSZ-YGI graded glass infiltrated ultra-translucent zirconia materials.METHODS:(1)Glass materials were infiltrated into 5Y-PSZ ultra-translucent zirconia by double sintering to prepare 5Y-PSZ-YGI graded glass infiltrated ultra-translucent zirconia.5Y-PSZ-YGI graded glass infiltrated ultra-translucent zirconia(or 5Y-PSZ ultra-translucent zirconia,3Y-TZP transparent zirconia)was placed in DMEM culture medium containing 10％fetal bovine serum for 12,24 and 72 hours,and the surface area ratio of culture medium to sample was 3 mL/cm2,and the 12-,24-and 72-hour material extracts were obtained.(2)After culturing mouse fibroblast L929 for 24 hours,the original culture medium was discarded and divided into 7 groups for culture:the control group was replaced with DMEM culture medium containing 10％fetal bovine serum by volume,and the other 6 groups were replaced with 24-hour extract of 3Y-TZP transparent zirconia,24-hour extract of 5Y-PSZ ultra-translucent zirconia,24-hour extract of 5Y-PSZ-YGI graded glass infiltrated ultra-translucent zirconia,72-hour extract of 3Y-TZP transparent zirconia,72-hour extract of 5Y-PSZ ultra-translucent zirconia,and 72-hour extract of 5Y-PSZ-YGI graded glass infiltrated ultra-translucent zirconia.After 1,3,and 5 days of culture,cell growth was observed under a microscope,and the cell proliferation rate was obtained by CCK-8 assay to determine cytotoxicity.(3)Human anticoagulated blood was mixed with 5Y-PSZ-YGI graded glass infiltrated ultra-translucent zirconia,5Y-PSZ ultra-translucent zirconia,and 3Y-TZP transparent zirconia,and the hemolysis rate was detected after 0.5 hours.Human anticoagulated blood was mixed with 12-hour extract of 3Y-TZP transparent zirconia,12-hour extract of 5Y-PSZ ultra-translucent zirconia,and 12-hour extract of 5Y-PSZ-YGI graded glass infiltrated ultra-translucent zirconia,and the hemolysis rate was detected after 0.5 hours.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Under the microscope,it could be seen that the number of cells in each group increased with the extension of culture time,and the cell morphology of each experimental group was basically the same as that of the control group.The cytotoxicity grade of the 24-hour extract of 3Y-TZP transparent zirconia group on the first day of culture was grade 0,and the cytotoxicity grade of the other experimental groups at each time period was grade 1.(2)Neither the material nor the material extract caused obvious hemolytic reaction,and the hemolytic rate was less than 5％.(3)The results showed that 5Y-PSZ-YGI graded glass infiltrated ultra-translucent zirconia had no significant effect on the growth and proliferation of mouse fibroblasts L929,and did not cause hemolytic reaction with human blood,and had good in vitro biocompatibility.

Objective To analyze the incidence rate and risk factors of atrial fibrillation (AF) in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods A total of 392 patients with COPD in the hospital were selected from December 2020 to December 2024. Patients' data (medical history, echocardiographic data, etc.) were recorded. The incidence rate of AF in patients was recorded and the patients were grouped according to whether or not they developed AF. The differences were compared between the two groups, and the risk factors of AF occurrence in elderly patients with COPD were analyzed. Results Among the 392 patients with COPD, 127 cases (32.40%) met the diagnostic criteria of AF. There were statistically significant differences in age, pulmonary infection, heart failure, diabetes, smoking history, disease duration, LAD, severe renal insufficiency and coronary heart disease between the AF group and the non-AF group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that age, pulmonary infection, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, smoking history, disease course, LAD, severe renal insufficiency and coronary heart disease were all risk factors for elderly patients with COPD (OR=1.129, 4.246, 3.955, 4.125, 2.038, 1.112, 1.102, 4.397, and 3.865, P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence rate of AF is high in elderly patients with COPD. Age, pulmonary infection, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, smoking history, course of disease, LAD, severe renal insufficiency, and coronary heart disease are all risk factors for AF.

Dopamine, as a catecholamine neurotransmitter widely distributed in the central nervous system, is involved in physiological functions such as motivation, arousal, reinforcement, and movement through various dopamine signaling pathways. The hippocampus receives dopaminergic neuron projections from regions such as the ventral tegmental area, locus coeruleus, and substantia nigra. Through D1-like and D2-like receptors, dopamine exerts significant regulatory effects such as spatial navigation, episodic memory, fear, anxiety, and reward. This review mainly summarizes the research progress on the functions of dopamine in the hippocampus from aspects including the sources of dopamine, receptor distribution and function, and the association of hippocampal dopamine system dysregulation with neurodegenerative diseases. The aim is to provide insights into the involvement of the dopamine system in hippocampal functions and the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.
Hippocampus/physiology* ; Dopamine/physiology* ; Humans ; Animals ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/physiology* ; Memory/physiology* ; Signal Transduction/physiology* ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/physiopathology*

In this experiment, self-assembled nanoparticles(SANs) were prepared by the pH-driven method, and Her-HCP SAN was constructed by using herpetrione(Her) and Herpetospermum caudigerum polysaccharides(HCPs). The average particle size and polydispersity index(PDI) were used as evaluation indexes for process optimization, and the quality of the final formulation was evaluated in terms of particle size, PDI, Zeta potential, and microstructure. The proposed Her-HCP SAN showed a spheroid structure and uniform morphology, with an average particle size of(244.58±16.84) nm, a PDI of 0.147 1±0.014 8, and a Zeta potential of(-38.52±2.11) mV. Her-HCP SAN significantly increased the saturation solubility of Her by 2.69 times, with a cumulative release of 90.18% within eight hours. The results of in vivo unidirectional intestinal perfusion reveal that Her active pharmaceutical ingredient(API) is most effectively absorbed in the jejunum, where both K_a and P_(app) are significantly higher compared to the ileum(P<0.001). However, the addition of HCP leads to a significant reduction in the P_(app) of Her in the jejunum(P<0.05). Furthermore, the formation of the Her-HCP SAN results in a notably lower P_(app) in the jejunum compared to Her API alone(P<0.001), while both K_a and P_(app) in the ileum are significantly increased(P<0.001, P<0.05). The absorption of Her-HCP SAN at different concentrations in the ileum shows no significant differences, and the pH has no significant effect on the absorption of Her-HCP SAN in the ileum. The addition of the transporter protein inhibitors(indomethacin and rifampicin) significantly increases the absorption parameters K_a and P_(app) of Her-HCP SAN in the ileum(P<0.05,P<0.01), whereas the addition of verapamil has no significant effect on the intestinal absorption parameters of Her-HCP SAN, suggesting that Her may be a substrate for multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 and breast cancer resistance proteins but not a substrate of P-glycoprotein.
Nanoparticles/metabolism* ; Polysaccharides/pharmacokinetics* ; Intestinal Absorption/drug effects* ; Animals ; Rats ; Particle Size ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacokinetics* ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Drug Carriers/chemistry* ; Drug Compounding ; Cucurbitaceae/chemistry*

According to the principle and current domestic and international construction processes of core outcome set(COS) and the characteristics of post-stroke aphasia, this study built COS with evidence-based support for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatment of post-stroke aphasia. Firstly, a comprehensive review was conducted on the articles about the TCM treatment of post-stroke aphasia that were published in the four major Chinese databases, three major English databases, and three clinical registration centers over the past five years. The articles were analyzed and summarized, on the basis of which the main part of the COS for clinical research on the TCM treatment of post-stroke aphasia was formed. Secondly, clinical doctors and related nursing personnel were interviewed, and important outcome indicators in the clinical diagnosis and treatment process were supplemented to form a pool of core outcome indicators. Two rounds of Delphi surveys were carried out to score the importance of the core outcome indicators in the pool. Finally, a consensus meeting of experts was held to establish the COS for clinical research on the TCM treatment of post-stroke aphasia. The final COS included a total of 268 studies [236 randomized controlled trials(RCTs), 21 Meta-analysis, and 11 clinical registration protocols] and 20 open questionnaire survey results. After two rounds of Delphi surveys, a total of 14 outcome indicators and their corresponding measurement tools were included in the expert consensus meeting. The final expert consensus meeting determined the COS for post-stroke aphasia, which included 9 indicator domains and 12 outcome indicators.
Humans ; Aphasia/therapy* ; Stroke/complications* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Treatment Outcome

Medical institutions, with their clinical practice foundation and abundant human use experience data, have become important carriers for the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and the "cradles" of the preparation of new TCM. To effectively promote the transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and establish an effective evaluation index system for the transformation of new TCM conforming to the characteristics of TCM, consensus experts adopted the literature research, questionnaire survey, Delphi method, etc. By focusing on the policy and technical evaluation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions, a comprehensive evaluation from the dimensions of drug safety, efficacy, feasibility, and characteristic advantages was conducted, thus forming a comprehensive evaluation system with four primary indicators and 37 secondary indicators. The expert consensus reached aims to encourage medical institutions at all levels to continuously improve the high-quality research and development and transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and targeted at clinical needs, so as to provide a decision-making basis for the preparation, selection, cultivation, and transformation of new TCM for medical institutions, improve the development efficiency of new TCM, and precisely respond to the public medication needs.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards* ; Humans ; Consensus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

In the development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), the concept of "preventive treatment of disease" has a long history and plays a crucial role in bridging the past and the future. With the continuous growth of public health needs and the ongoing transformation of the registration management of TCM, its position in the research and development of new drugs has become increasingly significant. As one of the important sources of new drug innovation, the new TCM for "preventive treatment of diseases" represents a new thinking proposed based on the current routine registration and research and development. The research and development of TCM for "preventive treatment of diseases" mainly cover four stages: prevention(before the onset of disease), early intervention(when the disease is about to occur), interruption and reversal(when the disease has already occurred), and prevention of recurrence after recovery(after the disease). This study aims to comprehensively analyze the positioning, key points, and difficulties in the research and development of TCM for "preventive treatment of diseases" and explore effective paths to promote the innovative development of TCM through relevant cases. The research and development of new TCM for "preventive treatment of disease" require researchers to seize the opportunities for innovation before the start of the research and development, accurately grasp the key issues at different stages, and pay attention to the full lifecycle evaluation of the drugs. Meanwhile, in the design of the research plan, the optimal effectiveness evaluation indicators should be explored; key and difficult areas such as chronic diseases and rare diseases should be taken seriously, and the limitations of new drug development only based on the diagnosed diseases should be broken, so as to cater to more patients. In addition, through relevant representative cases in China and abroad, the unique advantages of TCM for "preventive treatment of diseases" should be fully leveraged. By learning from the past, all aspects of key points in the evaluation of new drug research and development should be strengthened. Finally, this study proposed that TCM for "preventive treatment of diseases" can employ novel methods and advanced technologies such as new biomarkers and innovative clinical design protocols, as well as new perspectives on disease research and health management. This can provide new paths for the innovation of TCM and public health management.
Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Pharmacy Research

Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus is the dried bulb of perennial herbaceous plants in the Fritillaria genus(Liliaceae family) and is a representative traditional Chinese medicinal material with distinctive regional characteristics. Clinically, it is widely used in the treatment of dry cough, bronchial asthma, and other respiratory diseases, possessing significant medicinal and economic value and being highly esteemed in TCM. Currently, Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus primarily relies on wild harvesting. However, due to excessive collection, its wild resources have drastically declined, and all source species have been classified as category Ⅱ in the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants, exacerbating the supply-demand imbalance in the market. To mitigate this issue, large-scale cultivation through the domestication of wild Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus has become an inevitable trend. However, its strict environmental requirements, low propagation efficiency, high seedling mortality, and immature cultivation techniques have severely hindered industrialization. This study investigates the domestication process of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, focusing on seed propagation, seedling cultivation, and medicinal material production. It also reviews the species and distribution of wild resources, their endangered status, market supply-demand dynamics, and the historical and current development of domestication. The findings indicate that enhancing propagation efficiency, optimizing cultivation models, and distinguishing between seed propagation and medicinal material production are key measures to accelerate the industrialization of domesticated Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus. This research aims to promote the industrialization of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus domestication and provide a reference model for the conservation and sustainable utilization of rare and endangered medicinal plant resources.
Fritillaria/chemistry* ; Endangered Species ; Plants, Medicinal/growth & development* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/economics* ; China

This study was conducted retrospectively on a cohort of 68 patients with steroid 5 α-reductase 2 (SRD5A2) deficiency and 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD). Whole-exon sequencing revealed 28 variants of SRD5A2 , and further analysis identified seven novel mutants. The preponderance of variants was observed in exon 1 and exon 4, specifically within the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-binding region. Among the entire cohort, 53 patients underwent initial surgery at Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital (Chengdu, China). The external genitalia scores (EGS) of these participants varied from 2.0 to 11.0, with a mean of 6.8 (standard deviation [s.d.]: 2.5). Thirty patients consented to hormone testing. Their average testosterone-to-dihydrotestosterone (T/DHT) ratio was 49.3 (s.d.: 23.4). Genetic testing identified four patients with EGS scores between 6 and 9 as having this syndrome; and their T/DHT ratios were below the diagnostic threshold. Furthermore, assessments conducted using the crystal structure of human SRD5A2 have provided insights into the potential pathogenic mechanisms of these novel variants. These mechanisms include interference with NADPH binding (c.356G>C, c.365A>G, c.492C>G, and c.662T>G) and destabilization of the protein structure (c.727C>T). The c.446-1G>T and c.380delG variants were verified to result in large alterations in the transcripts. Seven novel variations were identified, and the variant database for the SRD5A2 gene was expanded. These findings contribute to the progress of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for individuals with SRD5A2 deficiency.
Humans ; 3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase/genetics* ; Disorder of Sex Development, 46,XY/blood* ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics* ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Retrospective Studies ; Adolescent ; Female ; Mutation ; Testosterone/blood* ; Infant ; Dihydrotestosterone/blood*