ObjectiveTo establish the multi-technique characteristic profiles of Alumen by X-ray diffraction（XRD）， Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR） and thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis（TG-DTA）， and to explore the spectral characteristics for rapid identification of Alumen and its potential adulterant， Ammonium alum. MethodsA total of 27 batches of Alumen samples from 8 production regions were collected for preliminary identification based on visual characteristics. The PDF standard cards of XRD were used to differentiate Alumen from A. alum， and the XRD characteristic profiles of Alumen were established， and then the common peaks were screened. Based on hierarchical clustering analysis（HCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA）， the characteristic information that could be used for identification of Alumen was selected with variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1. FTIR characteristic profiles of Alumen were established， and key wavenumbers for identification were screened by HCA and OPLS-DA with VIP value>1. Meanwhile， the thermogravimetric differences between Alumen and A. alum were analyzed by TG-DTA， and the thermogravimetric traits that could be used for identification were screened. ResultsAlumen and A. alum could not be effectively distinguished by traits alone. However， by comparing the PDF standard cards of XRD， 15 batches of Alumen and 12 batches of A. alum could be distinguished. In the XRD profiles， 10 characteristic peaks were confirmed， corresponding to diffraction angles of 14.560°， 24.316°， 12.620°， 32.122°， 17.898°， 34.642°， 27.496°， 46.048°， 40.697° and 21.973°. In the FTIR profiles， 4 wavenumber ranges（399.193-403.050， 1 186.010-1 471.420， 1 801.190-2 620.790， 3 612.020-3 997.710 cm^-1） and 12 characteristic wavenumbers（1 428.994， 1 430.922， 1 432.851， 1 434.779， 1 436.708， 1 438.636， 1 440.565， 1 442.493， 1 444.422， 1 446.350， 1 448.279， 1 450.207 cm^-1） were identified. In the TG-DTA profiles， there were characteristic decomposition peaks of ammonium ion and mass reduction features near 555.34 ℃ for A. alum. These characteristics could serve as important criteria for distinguishing the authenticity of Alumen. ConclusionXRD， FTIR and TG-DTA can be used to rapidly detect Alumen and A. alum， and combined with the discriminant features selected through chemometrics， the rapid and accurate identification of Alumen and A. alum can be achieved. The research findings provide new approaches for the rapid identification of Alumen.

ObjectiveTo establish the multi-technique characteristic profiles of Alumen by X-ray diffraction（XRD）， Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR） and thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis（TG-DTA）， and to explore the spectral characteristics for rapid identification of Alumen and its potential adulterant， Ammonium alum. MethodsA total of 27 batches of Alumen samples from 8 production regions were collected for preliminary identification based on visual characteristics. The PDF standard cards of XRD were used to differentiate Alumen from A. alum， and the XRD characteristic profiles of Alumen were established， and then the common peaks were screened. Based on hierarchical clustering analysis（HCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA）， the characteristic information that could be used for identification of Alumen was selected with variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1. FTIR characteristic profiles of Alumen were established， and key wavenumbers for identification were screened by HCA and OPLS-DA with VIP value>1. Meanwhile， the thermogravimetric differences between Alumen and A. alum were analyzed by TG-DTA， and the thermogravimetric traits that could be used for identification were screened. ResultsAlumen and A. alum could not be effectively distinguished by traits alone. However， by comparing the PDF standard cards of XRD， 15 batches of Alumen and 12 batches of A. alum could be distinguished. In the XRD profiles， 10 characteristic peaks were confirmed， corresponding to diffraction angles of 14.560°， 24.316°， 12.620°， 32.122°， 17.898°， 34.642°， 27.496°， 46.048°， 40.697° and 21.973°. In the FTIR profiles， 4 wavenumber ranges（399.193-403.050， 1 186.010-1 471.420， 1 801.190-2 620.790， 3 612.020-3 997.710 cm^-1） and 12 characteristic wavenumbers（1 428.994， 1 430.922， 1 432.851， 1 434.779， 1 436.708， 1 438.636， 1 440.565， 1 442.493， 1 444.422， 1 446.350， 1 448.279， 1 450.207 cm^-1） were identified. In the TG-DTA profiles， there were characteristic decomposition peaks of ammonium ion and mass reduction features near 555.34 ℃ for A. alum. These characteristics could serve as important criteria for distinguishing the authenticity of Alumen. ConclusionXRD， FTIR and TG-DTA can be used to rapidly detect Alumen and A. alum， and combined with the discriminant features selected through chemometrics， the rapid and accurate identification of Alumen and A. alum can be achieved. The research findings provide new approaches for the rapid identification of Alumen.

A novel analytical method was developed in this study by combining online solid phase extraction with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(Online SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)for simultaneous determination of 50 kinds of steroid hormones in surface water.Specifically,after high-speed centrifugation of 4 mL water samples,the supernatant was directly injected into an Oasis HLB online SPE column for enrichment and purification.Subsequently,the target compounds were transferred to the analytical column via valve switching for separation and analysis.The chromatographic separation was performed on a Thermo Acclaim RSLC C18 column(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.2 μm),using a mobile phase composed of 5 mmol/L ammonium fluoride aqueous solution and acetonitrile.Mass spectrometric detection was conducted in positive ion mode,utilizing multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)with quantification achieved by the internal standard method.The method validation demonstrated that the limits of detection(LOD)for the 50 kinds of steroid hormones ranged from 0.02 to 0.50 ng/L,while the limits of quantification(LOQ)were between 0.08 and 1.67 ng/L.The average recoveries in surface water samples at spiked concentrations of 5,20 and 200 ng/L were between 74.1％and 119％,with relative standard deviations(RSDs)of 0.2％to 9.9％.This method was applied to analyze 11 surface water samples collected from sites surrounding a pharmaceutical and chemical industrial park.A total of 44 kinds of steroid hormones were detected,with concentrations ranging from 0.11 to 88.6 ng/L,revealing the presence of hormone contamination in the environmental waters surrounding industrial areas.Compared with the traditional offline SPE methods,the proposed online SPE technique significantly reduced sample volume requirements and pretreatment time,while minimizing the loss of target compounds during the pretreatment process.Moreover,compared to reported online SPE techniques,this method achieved high-throughput analysis of multiple classes of steroid hormones,with lower detection limits and higher recoveries.Overall,this method provided rapid sample preparation,high sensitivity,and excellent stability,making it suitable for the direct analysis of trace steroid hormones in surface water.

Bongkrekic acid(BA)is a toxin with stable properties and no distinctive smell.It exists in common foods such as fermented edible grain products,potato products,spoiled tremella fuciformis and auricularia polytricha,as well as auricularia polytricha that has been soaked too long.It can easily cause food poisoning.At present,there is still a lack of complete method to detect BA,and no spe-cific antidote of BA has been found.Therefore,BA poisoning is easy to be misdiagnosed or missed diagnosed,and its mortality rate remains high.In recent years,studies have revealed the toxic mecha-nism of BA and found that BA can inactivate some enzymes containing thiol groups(-SH)and in-hibit the synthesis and transport of adenosine triphosphate(ATP),causing damage to liver,kidney,brain and other parenchymal organs.This article reviews the autopsy cases and literature of deaths caused by BA poisoning at home and abroad,systematically summarizes the epidemiology,clinical manifestations,pathological changes,toxicological mechanisms,detection methods,forensic diagnostic key points and challenges of BA in forensic medicine,with the aim of providing a reference for foren-sic identification of related cases.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides in the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression.Methods An open,single-arm,multi-center design was adopted in our study.Adult patients with mild and moderate depression who had received acute treatment of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides were enrolled and continue to receive Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules for 24 weeks,the dose remained unchanged during continuation treatment.The remission rate,recurrence rate,recurrence time,and the change from baseline to endpoint of Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Clinical Global Impression-Severity(CGI-S)and Arizona Sexual Experience Scale(ASEX)were evaluated.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was reported.Results The scores of HAMD-17 at baseline and after treatment were 6.60±1.87 and 5.85±4.18,scores of HAMA were 6.36±3.02 and 4.93±3.09,scores of CGI-S were 1.49±0.56 and 1.29±0.81,scores of ASEX were 15.92±4.72 and 15.57±5.26,with significant difference(P＜0.05).After continuation treatment,the remission rate was 54.59％(202 cases/370 cases),and the recurrence rate was 6.49％(24 cases/370 cases),the recurrence time was(64.67±42.47)days.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was 15.35％(64 cases/417 cases).Conclusion Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules can be effectively used for the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression,and are well tolerated and safe.

Objective To investigate the effect of temozolomide(TMZ)combined with histone methyltransferase enhancer of Zeke 2(EZH2)inhibitor GSK343 on apoptosis and invasion of GH3 cells and its mechanism.Methods Different concentrations of TMZ treated cells were used to screen TMZ treated dose.GH3 cells were randomly divided into blank group,TMZ-L group(200 μmol·L-1 TMZ),TMZ-H group(400 μmol·L-1 TMZ),GSK343 group(20 μmol·L-1 GSK343)and TMZ+GSK343 group(400 μmol·L-1+20 μmol·L-1 GSK343).After 48 h of drug treatment,cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay was used to detect cell survival rate;terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL)and flow cytometry were used to detect cell apoptosis;Transwell assay was used to detect cell invasion ability;Western blot assay was used to detect cell-related protein expression.Results TUNEL positive cell rates in blank group,TMZ-L group,TMZ-H group,GSK343 group and TMZ+GSK343 group were(4.31±0.71)％,(15.36±0.91)％,(22.26±2.13)％,(13.05±0.71)％and(34.55±3.75)％;cell invasion numbers were(247.67±27.23),(183.00±20.66),(152.11±8.82),(182.89±18.24)and(116.11±12.73)cells;the expression levels of Bax protein were 0.44±0.05,0.58±0.06,0.81±0.07,0.66±0.06 and 1.03±0.06;the expression of E-cadherin protein were 0.33±0.05,0.57±0.05,0.84±0.12,0.59±0.07 and 1.00±0.12;Vimentin protein expression levels were 0.91±0.14,0.72±0.09,0.62±0.07,0.77±0.08 and 0.47±0.04;phosphorylated phosphatidyl alcohol 3-kinase(p-PI3K)protein expression levels were 0.99±0.11,0.86±0.06,0.68±0.07,0.72±0.08 and 0.52±0.08;phosphorylated protein kinase B(p-AKT)protein expression levels were 1.01±0.06,0.71±0.07,0.57±0.05,0.80±0.07 and 0.43±0.04.TMZ-L group,TMZ-H group,GSK343 group and TMZ+GSK343 group had significant differences in the above indexes compared with blank group(all P＜0.05);TMZ+GSK343 group was compared with TMZ-L group TM2-H group or GSK343 group,and the above indexes were significantly difference(all P＜0.05).Conclusion TMZ combined with EZH2 inhibitor GSK343 can significantly inhibit GH3 cell invasion and induce apoptosis,which may be related to the regulation of PI3 K/AKT pathway.

Following the principles of evidence-based medicine,in accordance with the structure and drafting rules of standardized documents,based on literature research,according to the characteristics of chronic cough in children and issues that need to form a consensus,the TCM Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Cough in Children was formulated based on the Delphi method,expert discussion meetings,and public solicitation of opinions.The guideline includes scope of application,terms and definitions,eti-ology and diagnosis,auxiliary examination,treatment,prevention and care.The aim is to clarify the optimal treatment plan of Chinese medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease,and to provide guidance for improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in children with Chinese medicine.

italic>Anoectochilus roxburghii liquid (spray, a hospital preparation of Wu Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University) has shown a good clinical treatment effect during the COVID-19 pandemic, but its material basis and mechanism of action are still unclear. In this study, network pharmacology and molecular docking methods were used to predict the molecular mechanism of A. roxburghii liquid against COVID-19, and pharmacodynamic experiments in vitro were conducted to study the interaction between the current targets with clear preventive and therapeutic effects and the key components of A. roxburghii liquid. UPLC-MS and database were used to compare and analyze the active ingredients in the liquid, and 17 potential active ingredients with good drug-like properties were screened by in vivo pharmacokinetics process in SwissADME database. SwissTargetPrediction and GeneCards were searched to find 93 common targets. Cytoscape 3.8.2 software was used to construct the "component-target" network map, and the Metascape platform was used for gene function annotation and pathway enrichment analysis. It was found that the extract could regulate the positive response to external stimuli, inflammatory response, cytokine production and other biological processes by binding the active ingredients such as isorhamnetin, kaempferol, luteolin, quercetin and apigenin to the common targets (NOS3, MPO, MMP3, etc.), and play an anti-COVID-19 role. In the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activity inhibition assay, it was found that the stock solution of A. roxburghii liquid (for spray), and the supernatant after removing polysaccharides (mainly containing flavonoids) could to some extent inhibit the activity of ACE2. Crucially, in the experiment of 2019-nCOV-S pseudovirus infecting HEK-293T-ACE2 cells, we found that A. roxburghii liquid may exert anti-COVID-19 effects by blocking the binding of SARS-CoV-S protein to ACE2.

Objective To propose a random forest(RF)algorithm-based prediction method for diabetic retinopathy(DR)to solve the problems due to multi feature dimension for detecting diabetes follow-up data and outliers and noises in the values of some indicators in the disease samples.Methods Firstly,the feature selection of the follow-up dataset of diabetic patients from the endocrinology and metabolism departments of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital and Kobe University Hospital in Japan was carried out using the Weka tool to screen out the features or subsets that were hightly correlated with DR;secondly,a model for assisting clinical diagnosis of DR was constructed based on feature subsets and RF algorithm;finally,model comparison experiments and ablation experiments were performed to validate the model performance and to determine which feature contributed the most to the model.Results The feature subset containing disease duration,glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),total bilirubin(T-bilirubin),low density lipoprotein(LDL),serum creatinine(sCr)and albumin(ALB)correlated the most with RF.A model was constructed based on the above findings with RF algorithm,which behaved better than other models in terms of precision(0.92),accuracy(0.91),F1 score(0.91)and AUC(0.95).The results of ablation experiments showed that the disease duration contributed the most to the model,followed by albumin and serum creatinine,and then by LDL,total bilirubin,glycosylated hemoglobin and thyroid stimulating hormone.Conclusion The RF algorithm-based prediction method with high accuracy can be used for assisted diagnosis of DR.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(11):8-14]

ObjectiveTo observe the impacts of electroacupuncture （EA） on the expression of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） and acetylated histone （AcH3） in the rat model of spared nerve injury （SNI）， so as to explore the analgesic and antidepressant effects of EA. MethodsTwenty-four Male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups， with 6 in each group. SNI was used to establish the model of pain and depression. All the groups were intervened one week after SNI surgery and persisted 5 weeks. The EA group was treated with EA （2 Hz） for 30 min every other day and imipramine drug group （IMP） group with peritoneal imipramine injection （10 mg/kg） per day. The sham surgery group （SS） and model group （SNI） received the same grasping stimulation. The paw mechanical withdrawal threshold （PWT） test was performed before the SNI surgery， 1， 2， 3， 4， 5， and 6 weeks after surgery， respectively. The forced swimming test （FST） and the sucrose preference test （SPT） were performed 6 weeks after SNI surgery. The Western blot method was employed to detect the expression of BDNF and AcH3 from the rat hippocampal tissue at the end of the behavioral tests. ResultsCompared with the SS group， the SNI group had significantly decreased PWT and sucrose consumption， prolonged FST immobility time （all P<0.01）， down-regulated BDNF and AcH3 expression （P<0.05 & P<0.01） in the hippocampus， which indicated the successful construction of the pain-depression model. Compared with the SNI group， 6 weeks after SNI surgery， the EA and IMP groups had significantly increased PWT and sucrose consumption， and reduced FST immobility time （all P<0.01）； the EA group had up-regulated BDNF and AcH3 expression （both P<0.05） in the hippocampus， the IMP group had up-regulated AcH3 （P<0.05） expression but no difference in BDNF expression. ConclusionEA could relieve pain and depressive behavioral symptoms in SNI rats. And its analgesic and antidepressant mechanisms may relate to the up-regulation of hippocampal AcH3 and BDNF expression.