Objective: To understand the current status of psychological sub health among secondary vocational school students and explore its related factors, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving their mental health. Methods: From September to December 2024, a convenience sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 5 141 secondary vocational school students from 16 schools across 8 provinces and municipalities (Fujian, Chongqing, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shanghai, Zhejiang). A self designed questionnaire was used to collect data on students demographic characteristics and lifestyle behaviors. The Multidimensional Sub health Questionnaire of Adolescents was adopted to assess psychological sub health status. Multivariate binary Logistic stepwise regression analysis was performed to explore the related factors of psychological sub health among secondary vocational school students. Results: The detection rate of psychological sub health among secondary vocational school students was 11.0%, with detection rates of emotional problems, conduct problems, and social adaptation difficulty being 12.3 %, 12.5%, and 9.5%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that boys and students whose fathers had an educational level of primary school or below, and junior high school, had relatively lower risks of developing psychological sub health or emotional problems, conduct problems, and social adaptation difficulty ( OR =0.55-0.64, all P <0.05). Conversely, students with urban household registration, those with left behind experience, those with poor self rated family economic status, those from other family structures, those classified as overweight and obesity, and those with sleep disorders, frequent consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, frequent consumption of takeout/delivery food, smoking, alcohol consumption, and low to moderate physical activity levels exhibited significantly higher risks across psychological sub health or emotional problems,conduct problems, and social adaptation difficulty ( OR =1.25-4.79, all P <0.05). Conclusions The psychological sub health condition of secondary vocational school students should not be neglected. Psychological sub health of secondary vocational school students is related to multiple factors such as demographic characteristics and lifestyle behaviors. Multi dimensional intervention measures should be implemented to improve their mental health.

Objective Using cockroach surveillance data in Nanjing from 2017 to 2024, we have descriptively analyzed population characteristics and changes in insecticide resistance among Blattella germanica, and have established a seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model to predict monthly population densities in Nanjing spanning the year 2025. Methods B. germanica density and infestation rate were monitored using the sticky trap method, and insecticide resistance was assessed using the residual contact method. Our ARIMA model was applied to fit and estimate cockroach density fluctuations over time. Results From 2017 to 2024, B. germanica accounted for 94.90% of all cockroach specimens captured in Nanjing, with an average density of 0.37 cockroaches per trap and an average infestation rate of 5.56%. Significant differences in density and infestation rate were observed among different habitats (P＜0.001). Significant downward annual trends in both density and infestation rate were found (P＜0.05). ARIMA was found to be the optimal model for fitting the density data from 2017 to 2024 (0, 1, 1) × (0, 1, 1)1 2. Conclusions From 2017 to 2024, B. germanica was overwhelmingly the dominant cockroach species in Nanjing, with both its density and infestation rate declining annually. A positive correlation was observed between the amount and proportion of insecticide use and the development of insecticide resistance (P＜0.05). The established model demonstrated good performance in predicting monthly B. germanica densities in Nanjing throughout 2025, providing a valuable reference for future surveillance and control efforts.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical phenotype and genotype features of children with Epileptic encephalopathy caused by PCDH19 mutations. METHODS: Four children with epilepsy caused by PCDH19 gene mutations who were treated at Shanghai Children's Medical Center from August 2015 to May 2024 were selected as study subjects. A retrospective study method was used to collect the clinical data of the patients. Peripheral venous blood samples (2 mL each) were collected from the patients and their parents. Genomic DNA was extracted, and whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed, followed by family verification of candidate variants by Sanger sequencing. Pathogenicity of the candidate variants was classified according to the "Genetic Variation Classification Standards and Guidelines" established by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shanghai Children's Medical Center (Approval No. SCMCIRB-K2020060-1). RESULTS: The patients comprised of 3 females and 1 male, all presenting symptoms before the age of 3. Patients 1-3 exhibited generalized tonic-clonic seizures, while patient 4 manifested focal seizures accompanied by impaired consciousness. In addition to epilepsy, patient 2 showed language delay and patient 3 had frequent panic attacks. WES results identified four pathogenic PCDH19 variants these patients, including 2 previously unreported frameshifting mutations,1 hotspot missense mutation, and 1 mosaic missense mutation with a 32.4% mutation rate. The pathogenic mutation in patient 2 was inherited from her father, while the remaining 3 patients had de novo pathogenic mutations. CONCLUSION Children with PCDH19 gene mutations may exhibit early-onset refractory epilepsy, cognitive impairment, and developmental delay. Females are predominantly affected by the PCDH19 mutations, although males with mosaic mutations can also be affected. The genetic and clinical heterogeneity observed among patients 1-4 indicated the diverse nature of epilepsy related to the PCDH19 gene mutations. PCDH19 gene mutations may be the genetic cause of epilepsy in these affected children, which also enriched the mutational spectrum of the PCDH19 gene.
Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Cadherins/genetics* ; Epilepsy/genetics* ; Exome Sequencing ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Protocadherins ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To compare the differences of baseline characteristics of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS)who achieved platelet(PLT)response after arsenic-containing TCM compounds combined with Western medicine treatment.Methods Totally 72 MDS patients were selected from 12 outpatient departments and wards,such as Xiyuan Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Dongfang Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from October 2021 to October 2024.Among them,45 patients received arsenic-containing TCM compounds combined with Western medicine treatment,27 patients received Western medicine treatment.The blood routine[white blood cell(WBC)count,hemoglobin,PLT,neutrophil count],TCM syndrome scores,safety indicators,and adverse events were observed before and after three courses of treatment.The efficacy of all patients was evaluated,and the baseline characteristics of patients who achieved PLT response in the arsenic-containing TCM compounds group and the Western medicine treatment group were compared.Results Comparing the differences of baseline characteristics of the two groups,it was found that the patients who achieved PLT response in the arsenic-containing TCM compounds group were compared with those in the Western medicine treatment group:Age<60 years old(P=0.038),longer disease duration(P=0.012),lower WBC(P=0.017),lower reticulocyte percentage(P=0.037),lower blood urea nitrogen(P=0.046),lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(P=0.014),and lower N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(P=0.034),abnormal electrocardiogram(P=0.013),high blasts(P=0.009),grade 0 reticular fiber staining(P<0.01),normal chromosome karyotype(P<0.01),gene mutation(P<0.01)and high TCM syndrome scores(P=0.013)were found.Conclusion Arsenic-containing TCM compounds consisting of Qinghuang Powder and Bushen Jianpi Decoction combined with Western medicine is used to treat MDS.Patients with age<60 years old,long disease duration,low WBC count,low reticulocyte percentage,low blood urea nitrogen,low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,low N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide,abnormal electrocardiogram,high blasts,grade 0 reticular fiber staining,normal chromosome karyotype,gene mutation and high TCM syndrome score are more likely to obtain PLT response.

Objective:To investigate the clinical phenotype and genotype features of children with Epileptic encephalopathy caused by PCDH19 variant. Methods:Four children with epilepsy caused by PCDH19 gene variant who were treated at Shanghai Children′s Medical Center from August 2015 to May 2024 were selected as study subjects. A retrospective study method was used to collect the clinical data of the patients. Peripheral venous blood samples (2 mL each) were collected from the patients and their parents. Genomic DNA was extracted, and whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed, followed by family verification of candidate variants by Sanger sequencing. Pathogenicity of the candidate variants was classified according to the " Genetic Variation Classification Standards and Guidelines" established by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shanghai Children′s Medical Center (Approval No. SCMCIRB-K2020060-1). Results:The patients comprised of 3 females and 1 male, all presenting symptoms before the age of 3. Patients 1-3 exhibited generalized tonic-clonic seizures, while patient 4 manifested focal seizures accompanied by impaired consciousness. In addition to epilepsy, patient 2 showed language delay and patient 3 had frequent panic attacks. WES results identified four pathogenic PCDH19 variants in these patients, including 2 previously unreported frameshifting mutations, 1 hotspot missense mutation, and 1 mosaic missense mutation with a 32.4%mutation rate. The pathogenic variant in patient 2 was inherited from her father, while the remaining 3 patients had de novo pathogenic variant. Conclusion:Children with PCDH19 gene mutations may exhibit early-onset refractory epilepsy, cognitive impairment, and developmental delay. Females are predominantly affected by the PCDH19 variant, although males with mosaic variant can also be affected. The genetic and clinical heterogeneity observed among patients 1-4 indicated the diverse nature of epilepsy related to the PCDH19 gene variant. PCDH19 gene variant may be the genetic cause of epilepsy in these affected children, which also enriched the mutational spectrum of the PCDH19 gene.

CRM 197(cross-reacting material 197),a naturally occurring mutant of diphtheria toxin,is a safe and effective vaccine vector and extensively used on developing conjugate or combined vaccines.The mutant loses its enzymatic activity,but fully retains its receptor-binding ability and immunogenicity.In current work,the diphtheria toxin mutant CRM 197 and its fusion proteins with the receptor-binding do-main of botulinum neurotoxin serotype E(EHc)were developed using genetic engineering technology.These recombinant proteins were confirmed by Western blotting and SDS-PAGE.BALB/c mice were im-munized with the CRM197-EHc and EHc-CRM197 fusion proteins,and their immunogenicity was evalua-ted.These two fusion protein molecules,CRM197-EHc and EHc-CRM197,as subunit vaccines,elicited a robust humoral immune response targeting both CRM197 and EHc antigens in the immunized mice.Compared to the mixture of CRM197 and EHc,the mice vaccinated with the fusion proteins(CRM197-EHc and EHc-CRM197)induced higher levels of anti-CRM197 antibodies,and the mice vaccinated with EHc-CRM197 also generated strongest anti-EHc antibodies.Consequently,as a carrier molecule in the fusion protein vaccine,EHc enhances the immunogenicity of CRM197 molecules.Likewise,CRM197 boosts the immunogenicity of EHc in the EHc-CRM197 fusion protein.

Objective:To investigate the impact of ginseng alcohol extract(GEE)on improving sleep quality in the aged Drosophila model by regulating the redox balance,and to elucidate its associated mechanism.Methods:Thirty-two male drosophila melanogaster(7-days-old)were randomly selected as young group,while 64 male Drosophila melanogaster flies(35-days-old)were randomly assigned to aged model group(n=32)and GEE group(n=32).The sleep parameters,including total sleep duration,daytime sleep duration,night sleep duration,0-4 h of sleep duration after lights off(ZT0-4 sleep duration),deep sleep duration,sleep episodetimes,sleep fragmentation,and the activity parameters such as the total number of locomotor activity daytime locomotor activity amount and nighttime locomotor activity amount were analyzed using the DAM2 Drosophila behavioral analysis system 7 d after administration.The grouping of the drosophila was as above,and there were 100 drosophila ineach group.The differentially expressed proteins in drosophila brain tissue were screened,identified,and functionally analyzed using two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis(2D-DIGE)and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS)proteomic methods.The grouping of the drosophila was as above,and there were 100 drosophila in each group.The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and the levels of lipid peroxidation product(MDA)in brain tissue of the drosophila were determined using assay kits.Results:Compared with young group,the total sleep duration daytime sleep duration and night sleep cluration of the drosophila in agaed group were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);and the sleep rhythm amplitude was shortened.Compared with aged group,the total sleep duration and daytime and nighttime sleep durations of the drosphila in GEE group were lengthened(P<0.01).Compared with young group,the ZT0-4 sleep duration deep sleep duration and sleep fragment of the drosophila in aged group were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the sleep rhythm amplitude was shortened.Compared with young group,the ZT0-4 sleep duration,deep sleep duration,and single sleep fragment of the drosphila in GEE group were significantly prolonged(P<0.01),and the sleep amplitude was increased.Compared with young group,there was no significant difference in diurnal spontaneous activity or total spontaneous activity of the drosophila in aged group(P>0.05),while the nocturnal spontaneous activity was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with aged group,the diurnal spontaneous activity,nocturnal spontaneous activity,and total spontaneous activity of the drosophila in GEE group were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).A total of 47 differentially expressed proteins were selected in the 2D-DIGE electrophoretic mapping.Compared with young group,the expressions of 47 differentially expressed protein sites in aged group were down-regulated mainly including glutathione S-transferase,peroxiredoxin 1 and dihydrolipoic dehydrogenase,which were related to redox balance.Compared with young group,the activities of SOD,CAT and GSH-Px in brain tissue of the drosophila in aged group were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the level of MDA was increased(P<0.01);compared with aged group,the activities of SOD,CAT and GSH-Px in brain tissue of the drosphila in GEE group were increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the MDA level was decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:GEE has improvement effect on the sleep quality of aged drosophila,and its possible mechanism may be related to upregulating the activities of antioxidant enzymes,inhibiting the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products,and maintaining redox balance.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2017.08.005.].

Curcumae Rhizoma, derived from the rhizome of Curcuma phaeocaulis, Curcuma kwangsiensis and Curcuma wenyujin, was called Ezhu in China. In the past, Curcumae Rhizoma extracts were obtained through water decoction or alternative methods, which showed significant anti-cancer effects. However, the mixed extracts contain various compound components of Curcumae Rhizoma, leading to an ambiguous mechanism of action for Curcumae Rhizoma extracts anti-cancer. Contemporary researchers have extracted the chemical components of Curcumae Rhizoma separately for experimental verification of its active ingredients in the anti-cancer field. Numerous studies demonstrated that curcumol, germacrone, β-elemene, and curcumin in Curcumae Rhizoma extracts have significant governing effects in anti-cancer activities. Pharmacological studies have shown that Curcumae Rhizoma suppresses cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, triggering apoptosis and regulating cellular autophagy to achieve anticancer effects. Here, we summarized the research progress of Curcumae Rhizoma on anti-cancer effects from 2013 to 2022, aiming to explore the deeper molecular mechanisms of Curcumae Rhizoma's active components in cancer treatment.

Objective To analyse China's policies related to children's medicines based on the perspective of policy tools,explore their multidimensional characteristics,and provide reference for the formulation and optimisation of China's policies related to children's medicines.Methods A two-dimensional analysis framework of policy tools-policy objectives was constructed,and the policies related to children's medicines issued at the national level from 2011 to 2023 were selected,and the policy texts were coded,classified and statistically analysed.Results Thirty-five policy texts were included and 117 units of analysis were obtained through coding.Of these,52.14%were environment-based policies,38.46%were supply-based policies and 9.40%were demand-based policies.The policy objectives were categorised as ensuring the safety of medicines for children,improving the level of paediatric diagnosis and treatment and increasing the accessibility of medicines for children,and the policy instruments applied to the above policy objectives accounted for 35.7%,13.5%and 50.8%respectively.Conclusion The distribution of policy instruments is not reasonable,the structure of policy objectives is unbalanced,environmental policy instruments dominate and demand-oriented policy instruments are missing.