Esophageal cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor of the digestive tract in China, and radical surgery remains the cornerstone of its comprehensive treatment. However, multifactorial challenges such as postoperative gastrointestinal tract reconstruction, traumatic stress, and tumor-related metabolic disturbances render esophageal cancer patients highly susceptible to malnutrition. Perioperative nutritional support therapy plays a crucial role in enhancing surgical safety, improving clinical outcomes, and elevating patients' quality of life by regulating metabolic homeostasis, preserving organ function, and optimizing the immune microenvironment. This article reviews the mechanisms underlying malnutrition in esophageal cancer, methods for nutritional status assessment, and precision intervention pathways based on multi-omics evaluations. The aim is to strengthen clinicians' awareness of standardized perioperative nutritional management for esophageal cancer patients and promote its clinical implementation, thereby facilitating postoperative recovery and improving long-term quality of life.

Antibodies play a critical role in adaptive immune responses and serve as key components in disease diagnosis and treatment. These molecules exhibit dynamic post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as glycosylation and phosphorylation, which regulate their effector functions. To date, nearly all of our knowledge about antibody repertoires has come from B cell receptor (BCR) sequencing (BCR-seq), which facilitates the profiling of clonal composition and the tracing of maturation trajectories within B-cell repertoires. However, circulating antibodies found in bodily fluids—such as serum, saliva, milk, mucosal secretions, and cerebrospinal fluid—exhibit diversities and specificities beyond what BCR-seq alone can predict. Therefore, identifying and quantifying antibody clonotypes at the protein level could enhance diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment strategies in personalized medicine. The critical gap between genotype and phenotype necessitates complementary methodologies that enable the direct characterization of antibody proteins in their native functional states. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based antibody repertoire sequencing (Ab-seq) is currently the only feasible approach for this task and primarily includes database-dependent methods—such as bottom-up, middle-down, and top-down approaches—as well as database-independent de novo sequencing technology. These strategies enable multi-level, high-precision characterization ranging from peptides and domains to intact antibody molecules. Unlike the shotgun strategy commonly used in routine proteomics, obtaining full sequences of all antibodies presents unique challenges. It requires specialized methodological adaptations to address issues related to dynamic range, sequence variation, and sample complexity. This review introduces the technical principles, methodological workflows, and recent applications of various mass spectrometry-based antibody repertoire sequencing (Ab-seq) strategies, with a focus on approaches designed to improve sequence coverage and identification accuracy. These include multi-enzyme digestion, hybrid fragmentation methods, and artificial intelligence-assisted de novo sequencing. By systematically comparing database-dependent techniques—such as bottom-up, middle-down, and top-down approaches—with database-independent de novo sequencing, this review outlines their respective advantages and limitations in terms of sample throughput, sequence coverage, post-translational modification characterization, and data analysis complexity. In addition, this review discusses emerging technological trends, including the integration of ion mobility separation, native mass spectrometry, and artificial intelligence-driven data interpretation, which are expected to enhance the depth and accuracy of antibody characterization. Although current methods continue to face challenges related to sample complexity, dynamic range, and unambiguous sequence variant assignment, we emphasize the importance of integrating BCR-seq and Ab-seq data to construct gene-protein association maps. These maps help validate sequence accuracy and facilitate epitope discovery. This dual-platform strategy helps bridge the gap between genotype and phenotype, thereby enhancing both the resolution and scope of antibody repertoire studies. Such an integrative approach also offers a valuable tool for therapeutic antibody development, structure-function analysis, and precise evaluation of vaccine efficacy.

With the accelerating trend of population aging, the number of elderly patients with lung cancer continues to rise, and the disease burden is becoming increasingly heavy. The clinical management of these patients faces severe challenges due to their decreased physiological reserve, complex comorbidities, and significant individual heterogeneity. Consequently, under traditional diagnosis and treatment models, doctors often struggle to identify the individualized risks of elderly patients in a timely and comprehensive manner, which can easily lead to decision biases such as undertreatment or overtreatment. In view of this, this study advocates for the establishment of an umbrella decision-making model specifically tailored for elderly lung cancer patients. Grounded in a multidisciplinary team (MDT) platform, this model deeply integrates oncological indicators with the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) system. By holistically considering multidimensional variables including tumor burden, organ function, frailty index, cognitive status, and social support, the model establishes an operational mechanism characterized by "single entry, precise stratification, and targeted selection". Accordingly, patients can be scientifically triaged into distinct intervention tiers, such as active surveillance, minimally invasive surgery, drug therapy, radiotherapy, and best supportive care, thereby achieving real-time alignment between treatment intensity and patient fitness. This article elaborates on the construction logic and key operational procedures of this novel decision-making framework, aiming to guide clinical practice beyond the limitations of a tumor-centric perspective toward a holistic, dynamic, whole-course management strategy. This transition seeks to ensure optimal quality of life and clinical net benefit for elderly patients alongside survival prolongation.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in differentiating tumor deposits (TDs) from metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) in rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 70 patients with rectal cancer, including 168 lesions (70 TDs and 98 MLNs confirmed by histopathology), who underwent pretreatment MRI and subsequent surgery between March 2019 and December 2022. The morphological characteristics of TDs and MLNs, along with quantitative parameters derived from DCE-MRI (K trans , kep, and v e) and DWI (ADCmin, ADCmax, and ADCmean), were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Multivariable binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic performance of significant individual quantitative parameters and combined parameters in distinguishing TDs from MLNs. Results: All morphological features, including size, shape, border, and signal intensity, as well as all DCE-MRI parameters showed significant differences between TDs and MLNs (all P < 0.05). However, ADC values did not demonstrate significant differences (all P > 0.05). Among the single quantitative parameters, v e had the highest diagnostic accuracy, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.772 for distinguishing TDs from MLNs. A multivariable logistic regression model incorporating short axis, border, v e, and ADC mean improved diagnostic performance, achieving an AUC of 0.833 (P = 0.027). Conclusion The combination of morphological features, DCE-MRI parameters, and ADC values can effectively aid in the preoperative differentiation of TDs from MLNs in rectal cancer.

Objective To observe the origin and course of the obturator artery(OA),so as to provide anatomical reference for reducing hemorrhage during pelvic surgery and pubic fracture fixation.Methods A total of 65 human hemi-pelvises specimens with intact structure were dissected to observe the origin,course and other variations of OA.Measure the length of the inner section of OA basin and the outer diameter at the origin,etc.Results OA originated from the internal iliac artery in 57 cases(87.7%),including 3 cases(4.6%)of the superior gluteal artery,5 cases(7.7%)of the inferior gluteal artery,3 cases(4.6%)of the external iliac artery and 5 cases(7.7%)of the inferior epigastric artery.OA participated in the formation of the arterial trunk in 3 cases(4.6%).The length of the pelvic segment of the OA in male and female was(50.87±15.41)mm and(51.71±14.19)mm,respectively,with no statistically significant difference between them(P>0.05).The outer diameters at the origin of the OA in male and female were(2.79±1.05)mm and(2.35±0.86)mm,and there was no statistically significant difference between them(P>0.05).Conclusion OA mainly originated from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery,with a few OA originated from the branches of the posterior trunk or the inferior epigastric artery,or participated in the formation of the arterial trunk.In pelvic surgery involving OA area,attention should be paid to the length of its pelvic segment and the outer diameter at the origin of OA,so as to better locate and protect blood vessels during surgery.

High mobility group box protein 1(HMGB1)is one of the most widely expressed protein member in the HMGs family,which is well known for its involvement in the body inflammatory response.Previous researches have found that it plays a significant role in cell migration,immune identification and neuroprotection.Spinal cord injury is a disease that causes severe damage to the nervous system,and neural circuits are disrupted after a spinal cord injury,which leads to many conditions including ischemia and hypoxia,inflammatory responses,demyelinating lesions,and glial scar formation that are detrimental to nerve regeneration and repair,making it one of the most difficult diseases to treat in the modern spinal surgery field.HMGB1 is upregulated after spinal cord injury,thereby regulating neuroinflam-matory responses,and participating in the neuronal apoptosis,promoting neuronal regeneration,and inducing neural stem cell differentiation and migration,which plays an important role in the process of neural function recovery.This paper summarizes the structure and function of HMGB1,as well as its role in spinal cord injury,in order to provide direction for founding therapeutic target for neurological function recovery after spinal cord injury.

We reported the clinical,imaging,and treatment process of a patient with severe cranial penetrating injury caused by a nail from a nail gun that accidentally shot into the eye and penetrated into the skull while working.The patient was admitted to the Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University after being injured by the nail gun.The patient was admitted to the hospital 1 hour after injury with coma.After admission,the foreign body was completely removed and part of the hematoma was cleared through emergency surgery.After surgery,there were high-risk complications such as cerebral edema peak,intracranial hypertension,intracranial infection,cerebrospinal fluid leakage,and intracranial pseudoaneurysm.The patient eventually regained consciousness and was transferred to rehabilitation treatment.

Objective:To explore the effect of electric acupuncture combined with Tianding acupoint on the efficacy,syndrome score,and quality of life of post-stroke intractable hiccup(IH).Methods:A total of 102 post-stroke IH patients admitted to our hospital from October 2022 to October 2023 were retrospectively included,and were divided into control group and observation group,with 51 cases in each group.The matched group patients were given conventional acupuncture treatment,while the observation group patients were given conventional electric acupuncture combined with Tianding acupoint treatment.The clinical efficacy,effectiveness,hiccup symptom scores before and Post-treatment,and quality of life score between two groups of patients.Results:The proportion of patients in the observation group who took immediate effect(27.45％vs.5.88％)and the proportion of patients who took effect within 24 hours of the first treatment(60.78％vs.17.65％)were higher than matched group.The average onset time[(32.14±9.72)h vs.(70.34±23.51)h]was significantly shorter than matched group(P＜0.05).The treatment recovery rate of observation group was higher than matched group(80.39％vs.50.98％,P＜0.05),and the total effective rate of treatment was not different from matched group(96.08％vs.86.27％,P＞0.05).Post-treatment,both groups of patients showed a significant decrease in hiccup symptom scores,and there were significant differences at different time points(P＜0.05).The hiccup symptom scores of the observation group patients at 1 d,3 d,and 5 d post-treatment were lower than matched group(P＜0.05).Post-treatment,the overall scores of appetite,mental state,sleep,and quality of life in both groups increased,and the scores in the observation group were higher than matched group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The combination of electric acupuncture and Tianding acupoint has a significant therapeutic effect on post-stroke IH,which can quickly take effect,improve patients'clinical symptoms,and enhance their quality of life.

Aim To explore the therapeutic effects of resveratrol(Res)on hepatic inflammation and oxida-tive stress in rheumatoid arthritis(RA),and to eluci-date the relationship of the regulatory mechanism of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in it.Methods A mouse model of arthritis was induced using chicken type Ⅱ collagen in combination with complete Freund's adjuvant,and Res was administered by tube feeding for treatment.Serum liver function indices and levels of hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress were detected in mice.An in vitro cellular model of hepatic inflam-mation and oxidative stress was established by treating mouse primary hepatocytes(MPHs)with TNF-α(5μg·L-1),cell proliferation inhibition was detected by CCK-8,and inflammation and oxidative stress-relat-ed indices were detected by protein blotting.The in-trinsic mechanisms by which Res attenuated hepatic in-flammation and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis were explored by treating MPHs with Nrf2 inhibitor and Keap1 overexpression plasmid.Results Res signifi-cantly reduced the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress in hepatic tissues of collagen-induced arthritis mice as well as TNF-α-treated MPHs,and activated the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway.Inflammation and oxidative stress levels in MPHs were exacerbated by the use of Nrf2 inhibitors and Keap1 overexpression,which promoted apoptosis.Conclusion Res attenuates he-patic inflammation and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis via the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway.

Objective By simulating the etiology of abnormal uterine bleeding-ovulatory dysfunction(AUB-O)and establishing a rat model of abnormal uterine bleeding(AUB),this study aims to provide an experimental platform for investigating pathological mechanisms and developing therapeutic drugs for AUB.Methods After acclimation,24 adult(10-week-old)female SD rats were randomly divided into a normal control group(6 rats)and a model group(18 rats).The normal control group was housed in a barrier environment,while the model group underwent bilateral ovariectomy via dorsal approach in the same environment and rested for one week before starting to receive modeling drugs.In the model group,from Days 1 to 3 of modeling,each rat received a daily subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mg estradiol into the dorsal region.From Days 4 to 7,a daily subcutaneous injection of 5.0 mg progesterone was administered.On Day 6,rats received bilateral injections of 0.5 mL soybean oil per uterine cavity(total 1.0 mL)via the same dorsal surgical incision.On Day 8,mifepristone(10 mg/kg)was administered via oral gavage.The estrous cycle stage and its dynamic changes were continuously monitored during modeling.Uterine bleeding was recorded during the 48-hour observation period post-modeling.Serum and uterine tissue samples were collected from the model group at 0,12,24,36,and 48 h after mifepristone administration,while the normal control group was sampled at 36 h.The samples were subjected to HE staining,serum sex hormone ELISA,immunohistochemistry,TUNEL apoptosis staining,Western blotting,transcriptome sequencing,and bioinformatics analysis for comprehensive evaluation of the AUB rat model.Results The AUB rats exhibited uterine bleeding,endometrial detachment and injury,incomplete uterine restoration,inflammatory cell infiltration in the endometrium,enhanced tissue apoptosis,and structural damage of the stroma,glands,and vasculature.Compared with the normal control group,the levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),estradiol,and luteinizing hormone(LH)were significantly increased in the AUB rats(P＜0.05).The vascular density of the endometrium was significantly reduced(P＜0.05).The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)was qualitatively observed to be markedly enhanced at the site of endometrial detachment but significantly decreased around the stromal blood vessels(P＜0.01).Matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)expression was qualitatively observed to be strongly upregulated at the site of endometrial injury but significantly reduced in the non-detached stroma and glands(P＜0.01).Endometrial stromal cell apoptosis was significantly enhanced(P＜0.01).The expression levels of fibroblast growth factor 2(FGF2)and endothelin-1(ET-1)in uterine tissues were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).After comparing the transcriptome sequencing results of uterine tissues between AUB and normal rats,a total of 4 723 differentially expressed genes were identified,including 2 191 up-regulated genes and 2 532 down-regulated genes.KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that these differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in pathways related to inflammation,immune apoptosis,cell signal transduction,proliferation and differentiation,and muscle contraction,among others.Conclusion An AUB rat model can be successfully established using a sequential administration protocol of estrogen,progesterone,and mifepristone to simulate the etiology of AUB-O.In this model,endometrial injury is associated with inflammation and apoptosis,with pathological manifestations influenced by abnormal vasoconstriction and impaired endometrial regeneration.This rat model closely recapitulates pathological characteristics of non-structural AUB observed in clinical practice,making it a validated experimental platform for exploring the pathological mechanisms and therapeutic interventions of non-structural AUB.