OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of Dendrobium officinale (Tiepi Shihu) extract (DOE) on insomnia. METHODS: Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=7 per group): normal control, model control, melatonin (MT, 40 mg/kg), and 3-dose DOE (0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 g/kg) groups. Rats were raised in a strong-light (10,000 LUX) and -noise (>80 db) environment (12 h/d) for 16 weeks to induce insomnia, and from week 10 to week 16, MT and DOE were correspondingly administered to rats. The behavior tests including sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep experiment, sucrose preference test, and autonomous activity test were used to evaluate changes in sleep and emotions of rats. The metabolic-related indicators such as blood pressure, blood viscosity, blood glucose, and uric acid in rats were measured. The pathological changes in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region of rat brain were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining and Nissl staining. Additionally, the sleep-related factors gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (GA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Finally, we screened potential sleep-improving receptors of DOE using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array and validated the results with quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: DOE significantly improved rats' sleep and mood, increased the sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep time and sucrose preference index, and reduced autonomic activity times (P<0.05 or P<0.01). DOE also had a good effect on metabolic abnormalities, significantly reducing triglyceride, blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood viscosity indicators (P<0.05 or P<0.01). DOE significantly increased the GABA content in hippocampus and reduced the GA/GABA ratio and IL-6 level (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In addition, DOE improved the pathological changes such as the disorder of cell arrangement in the hippocampus and the decrease of Nissel bodies. Seven differential genes were screened by PCR array, and the GABA_A receptors (Gabra5, Gabra6, Gabrq) were selected for verification. The results showed that DOE could up-regulate their expressions (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION DOE demonstrated remarkable potential for improving insomnia, which may be through regulating GABA_A receptors expressions and GA/GABA ratio.
Animals ; Dendrobium/chemistry* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Male ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/blood* ; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use* ; Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism* ; Noise/adverse effects* ; Light/adverse effects* ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism* ; Sleep/drug effects* ; Rats ; Receptors, GABA/metabolism*

As a cheap and effective antibiotic,sulfonamides are often used in animal husbandry.However,their residues in animal-derived foodstuffs will threaten human health.Consequently,a high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method integrated with supramolecular solvent microextraction was successfully established for simultaneous quantification of sulfonamide residues sulfachlorpyridazine,sulfamethoxazole,sulfamethoxypyridazine and sulfadimethoxine in milk matrices.This approach exhibited prominent characteristics of operational simplicity,environmental sustainability,and high extraction efficiency.The supramolecular solvents prepared by tributyl octylphosphine tetrafluoroborate and tetrahydrofuran were employed as extraction solvents.The analytes underwent isolation and concentration via dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction(DLLME)prior to quantitative determination using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The composition and microscopic morphology of the supramolecular solvent were characterized through a series of analytical techniques,including phase diagram,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and inverted fluorescence microscopy and so on.The density and pH value of supramolecular solvents were determined.The extraction conditions were optimized through the one-factor experiments.The experimental results demonstrated that under the optimal extraction conditions,the four kinds of sulfonamide antibiotics exhibited excellent linearity within respective detection range(R2 ≥ 0.9998)and the limits of detection(LOD)were 0.67-1.45 μg/L.Compared with literature methods,this approach offered some advantages such as simplicity of operation and less reagent consumption,and could be used for analysis and detection of sulfonamide antibiotic residues in milk samples.The present method provided technical support for food safety regulation and paved a new way for the application of supramolecular solvents in the field of extraction and separation.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of hydroxysafflor yellow A(HSYA)on autophagy in bEnd.3 cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD).Methods The bEnd.3 cells were divided into normal group(conventional culture),model group(OGD model),HSYA group(OGD model+75 μmol·L-1 HSYA),3-methyladenine(3MA)group(5 mmol·L-1 3MA+OGD model)and 3 MA+HSYA group(5 mmol·L-1 3 MA+OGD model+75 μmol·L-1 HSYA).The level of apoptosis was determined by TUNEL fluorescence staining;Western blot was used to detect the expression of autophagy,blood brain barrier(BBB)related proteins;real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction method for determining the expression of sirtuin-1(SIRT1)and forkhead box protein O3a(FOXO3A)mRNA.Results In the normal group,model group,HSYA group,3MA group and 3MA+HSYA group,the positive cells selected for TUNEL staining were 5.00±1.00,28.00±2.00,21.00±3.00,35.33±2.51 and 29.67±2.52;the expression levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-Ⅱ/-Ⅰ(LC3-Ⅱ/-Ⅰ)were 0.90±0.20,1.34±0.10,1.95±0.14,0.76±0.15 and 1.14±0.09;sequestosome 1(P62)were 0.99±0.02,0.60±0.02,0.38±0.01,0.67±0.04 and 0.54±0.01;occludin were 1.39±0.17,0.62±0.15,1.00±0.09,0.40±0.13 and 0.80±0.15;zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)were 1.63±0.20,0.64±0.06,0.98±0.14,0.37±0.14 and 0.87±0.04;SIRT1 mRNA were 1.00±0.00,0.75±0.07,1.69±0.09,0.31±0.02 and 0.56±0.01;FOXO3A mRNA were 1.00±0.00,0.80±0.05,1.47±0.09,0.40±0.01 and 0.62±0.09,respectively.Significant differences were found between model group and normal group,HSYA group and model group,3MA+HSYA group and 3MA group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.001).Conclusion HSYA may enhance autophagy levels in bEnd.3 cells after OGD through the SIRT1/FOXO3A pathway,inhibit cell apoptosis and alleviate BBB damage.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Yiqi Yangyin decoction in the treatment of thyroid cancer by means of network pharmacology and molecular docking technique.Meth-ods:the chemical constituents of 10 kinds of Yiqi Yangyin decoction were searched by HERB database,the active components were screened by PubChem and SwissADNE,and the action targets of active components were predicted by Swisstargetprediction.The disease targets after operation of thyroid cancer were obtained by searching the databases of GeneCards,OMIM,Dis-GeNET and DrugBank.The intersection target of drug and disease was obtained by Venny2.1.0 platform,the intersection target protein interaction network was constructed by String database,and the core target protein was screened by Cytoscape3.9.1,the drug-active ingredient-target network map was constructed by Cytoscape3.9.1,and the key active components were obtained;the enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG was carried out using Metascape database;and the molecular docking verification of key targets and key components was carried out.Results:157active components of Yiqi Yangyin decoction were obtained,and 507targets of active compo-nents were predicted,1817 targets of thyroid cancer-related diseases and 154targets of drug-disease intersection were obtained.The key target genes of SRC,HSP90AA1,PIK3R1,PIK3CA and AKT1 were obtained by PPI analysis.Quercetin,kaempferol and luteolin were the key active components.Molecular docking showed that the key targets and key active components had good affinity.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that cancer pathway,PI3K-Akt pathway and HIF-1 pathway were the key pathways of drug action.Conclusion:Yiqi Yangyin decoction can play a therapeutic role in anti-inflammation,anti-tumor and improving tissue microenvironment with multi-components,multi-targets and multi-pathways.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the expression and significance of jumonji domain-containing protein 2B (JMJD2B) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) tissues in children. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of JMJD2B and HIF-1α in lymph node tissue specimens from 46 children with NHL (observation group) and 24 children with reactive hyperplasia (control group). The relationship between JMJD2B and HIF-1α expression with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in children with NHL, as well as the correlation between JMJD2B and HIF-1α expression in NHL tissues, were analyzed. RESULTS: The positive expression rates of JMJD2B (87% vs 21%) and HIF-1α (83% vs 42%) in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The expression of JMJD2B and HIF-1α was correlated with serum lactate dehydrogenase levels and the risk of international prognostic index in children with NHL (P<0.05). The expression of JMJD2B was positively correlated with the HIF-1α expression in children with NHL (r_s=0.333, P=0.024). CONCLUSIONS JMJD2B and HIF-1α are upregulated in children with NHL, and they may play a synergistic role in the development of pediatric NHL. JMJD2B can serve as a novel indicator for auxiliary diagnosis, evaluation of the severity, treatment guidance, and prognosis assessment in pediatric NHL.
Humans ; Child ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; Prognosis ; Hypoxia ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin

The mechanisms underlying exercise-induced neuroprotective effects after traumatic brain injury (TBI) remained elusive, and there is a lack of effective treatments for TBI. In this study, we investigated the effects of an integrative approach of exercise and Yisaipu (TNFR-IgG fusion protein, TNF inhibitor) in a mouse TBI model. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to a sedentary group or a group that followed a voluntary exercise regimen. The effects of 6-week prophylactic preconditioning exercise (PE) alone or in combination with post-TBI Yisaipu treatment on moderate TBI associated deficits were examined. The results showed that combined treatments of PE and post-TBI Yisaipu were superior to single treatments on reducing sensorimotor and gait dysfunctions in mice. These functional improvements were accompanied by reduced systemic inflammation largely via decreased serum TNF-α, boosted autophagic flux, and mitigated lesion volume after TBI. Given these neuroprotective effects, composite approaches such as a combination of exercise and TNF inhibitor may be a promising strategy for facilitating functional recovery from TBI and are worth further investigation.
Animals ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/pathology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology* ; Recovery of Function ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors

Objective: To establish a method for the determination of butyronitrile and isobutyronitrile in the air of workplace by gas chromatography. Methods: In March 2020, butyronitrile and isobutyronitrile in the air of workplace was collected by silica gel, eluted with methanol, separated and determined by gas chromatogram with flame ionization detector, the characteristics of determination of nitrile and isobutyronitrile by gas chromatography were analyzed. Results: The limit of detection for butyronitrile and isobutyronitrile was 0.33 μg/ml. The linear range of butyronitrile determined by this method was 1.60-1600.00 μg/ml, y=2.295x-3.480, and the coefficient correlation was 0.99998, and the minimum detection concentration was 0.22 mg/m(3) (collected sample volume was 1.50 L) . The within-run precisions were 2.43%-4.12%, the between-run precisions were 1.72%-3.70%, and the desorption rates were 93.26%-98.41%. The linear range of isobutyronitrile determined by this method was 1.52-1520.00 μg/ml, y=2.208x-0.102, and the coefficient correlation was 0.99998, and the minimum detection concentration was 0.22 mg/m(3) (collected sample volume was 1.50 L) . The within-run precisions were 2.52%-3.22%, the between-run precisions were 1.20%-3.82%, and the desorption rates were 96.85%-102.50%. The sealed samples could be stored at least 10 days at room temperature without significant loss. Conclusion: The method has the advantages of good precision, high sensitivity and simple operation. It is suitable for the simultaneous determination of butyronitrile and isobutyronitrile in the air of workplace.
Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis* ; Chromatography, Gas/methods* ; Nitriles ; Workplace

Solid dispersion, a dispersion system in which drug molecules are highly dispersed in carrier materials, has been commonly used to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs. The miscibility between drug and carrier is crucial to improve the dissolution performance and stability of solid dispersion. Therefore, the selection of carrier types and the optimization of drug loading are very important. In the current study, the solubility parameter method and Flory-Huggins theory were used to predict the miscibility between olaparib (OLP) and different carriers (VA64, Soluplus, Plasdone S630 and Kollidon K29/32). Besides, the carrier material with good miscibility was experimentally screened by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The optimum of drug-carrier ratio was further performed based on the miscibility phase diagram of drug and carrier. Theoretical calculation and experimental evaluation showed that the miscibility of OLP and VA64 was the best, and the drug loading of 30% could meet the requirements of large drug loading and physical stability. Polarizing light microscope, X-ray powder diffraction, DSC and laser confocal Raman spectroscopy exhibited that OLP was amorphous form in the solid dispersion system. Powder dissolution test demonstrated that the solid dispersion showed significantly enhanced dissolution rate in comparison to crystalline OLP. In this study, theoretical calculation and experimental evaluation were used to screen the types of carriers and optimize the drug loading, which provides an efficient strategy for the selection of carrier and the amount used in solid dispersion.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the regulatory effect of miRNA-29a-3p (miR-29a-3p ) on hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF), and its influences on the proliferation and apoptosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell line E6-1. METHODS: Thirty-five patients with ALL treated in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2019 were selected as research objects, and 35 adults who underwent physical examination in the same period were selected as healthy control group. The miR-29a-3p overexpression vector, miR-29a-3p inhibitory expression vector, and miR-29a-3p and HDGF co-overexpression vector were transfected into E6-1 cells. The expression levels of miR-29a-3p and HDGF mRNA were detected by RT-qPCR. The expression of protein was detected by Western blot. The targeting relationship between miR-29a-3p and HDGF was detected by dual luciferase reporter assay. The cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 method, while apoptosis detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Compared with healthy control group, HDGF was highly expressed in serum of patients with ALL and leukemia cells HuT 78, E6-1, CCRF-CEM, while miR-29a-3p was low expressed (P<0.05). After overexpression of miR-29a-3p , the expression levels of CyclinD1 and Bcl-2 in leukemia cells E6-1 were significantly reduced, while the expression levels of p21 and Bax were significantly increased (P<0.05). The activity of E6-1 cells was also significantly reduced, while the apoptosis rate of E6-1 cells was significantly increased (P<0.05). miR-29a-3p could target and regulate the expression of HDGF, while overexpression of HDGF reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-29a-3p overexpression on the proliferation and promotion effect on the apoptosis of leukemia cells E6-1. CONCLUSION Overexpression of miR-29a-3p can inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of ALL cells E6-1, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of HDGF expression.
Humans ; Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Leukemia ; MicroRNAs/genetics*

Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides (MOO) are an oral drug approved in China for the treatment of depression in China. However, MOO is hardly absorbed so that their anti-depressant mechanism has not been elucidated. Here, we show that oral MOO acted on tryptophan → 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) → serotonin (5-HT) metabolic pathway in the gut microbiota. MOO could increase tryptophan hydroxylase levels in the gut microbiota which accelerated 5-HTP production from tryptophan; meanwhile, MOO inhibited 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase activity, thus reduced 5-HT generation, and accumulated 5-HTP. The raised 5-HTP from the gut microbiota was absorbed to the blood, and then passed across the blood-brain barrier to improve 5-HT levels in the brain. Additionally, pentasaccharide, as one of the main components in MOO, exerted the significant anti-depressant effect through a mechanism identical to that of MOO. This study reveals for the first time that MOO can alleviate depression via increasing 5-HTP in the gut microbiota.