Background: This study was performed to characterize the incidence, costs, and risk factors associated with renal and cardiovascular adverse outcomes following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: Patients with STEMI who underwent pPCI using iso-osmolar contrast were enrolled at 39 centers. The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and major adverse renal and cardiovascular events (MARCE) was analyzed, as well as inpatient costs. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors. Results: Among 2,293 patients, the incidence of AKI and MARCE within 72 hours post-pPCI was 4.14% (n = 95) and 4.40% (n = 101), respectively. AKI and/or MARCE were associated with systolic blood pressure (AKI: odds ratio [OR], 1.009; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.000–1.018), hypertension (AKI: OR, 1.815; 95% CI, 1.133–2.906; MARCE: OR, 1.760;95% CI, 1.118–2.769), anterior wall infarction (AKI: OR, 1.895; 95% CI, 1.196–3.004; MARCE:OR, 1.939; 95% CI, 1.240–3.032), Killip class (AKI: OR, 1.465; 95% CI, 1.117–1.922; MARCE:OR, 1.467; 95% CI, 1.131–1.903), and serum creatinine (SCr; MARCE: OR, 1.006; 95% CI, 1.000–1.012). Hospitalization costs for patients with STEMI who developed AKI or MARCE were significantly higher than for those without AKI (9,595 ± 5,795 vs. 8,279 ± 3,872 USD, P = 0.003) or without MARCE (9,890 ± 5,616 vs. 8,255 ± 3,859 USD, P < 0.001). Conclusions In patients with STEMI undergoing pPCI with iso-osmolar contrast, the incidence of AKI and MARCE was associated with higher hospitalization costs. Systolic blood pressure, hypertension, anterior wall infarction, Killip class, and SCr were identified as risk factors for these outcomes.

Aim To investigate the protective effects of Tilianin on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced septice-mia-induced myocardial injury in rats and to explore the related mechanisms.Methods Animals were ran-domly grouped and a rat septicemia-induced myocardial injury model was constructed.Echocardiography was used to assess the cardiac function of rats,left ventricu-lar internal diameter at end-diastole(LVIDd)and left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole(LVIDs)were measured,and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS)were calculated;the kits were used to detect the serum activity of the relevant cardiac enzymes and the level of inflammatory factors;HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of myocardium;immunofluorescence staining of cardiac tissues was used to detect the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65;Western blot was used to detect the expression of TLR4,MyD88,p-NF-κB p65,and NLRP3 proteins in cardiac tissues.Results Compared with the model group,each administration group differently upregulated LVEF,LVFS,and LVIDs,and improved the coordina-tion of LV wall fluctuations in the model group of rats;cardiac enzymes LDH and CK-MB levels increased,and levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1 β were reduced,exerting cardioprotective effects;HE staining showed that myocardial tissue cell gap was re-duced,myocardial fiber breakage was reduced,cardio-myocyte arrangement tended to be normal,and inflam-matory cell infiltration was reduced;NF-κB p65 entry into the nucleus was reduced,and phosphorylated NF-κB p65(p-NF-κB p65)expression was reduced;and Western blot results showed that the expression of TLR4,MyD88,and NLRP3 proteins was reduced.Conclusions Tilianin pretreatment reduces serum my-ocardial enzymes and inflammatory factors and im-proves myocardial injury in rats with septicemia-in-duced myocardial injury,which may be related to the Tilianin anti-TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammatory signa-ling pathway.

Aim To investigate the protective effects of Tilianin on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced septice-mia-induced myocardial injury in rats and to explore the related mechanisms.Methods Animals were ran-domly grouped and a rat septicemia-induced myocardial injury model was constructed.Echocardiography was used to assess the cardiac function of rats,left ventricu-lar internal diameter at end-diastole(LVIDd)and left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole(LVIDs)were measured,and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS)were calculated;the kits were used to detect the serum activity of the relevant cardiac enzymes and the level of inflammatory factors;HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of myocardium;immunofluorescence staining of cardiac tissues was used to detect the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65;Western blot was used to detect the expression of TLR4,MyD88,p-NF-κB p65,and NLRP3 proteins in cardiac tissues.Results Compared with the model group,each administration group differently upregulated LVEF,LVFS,and LVIDs,and improved the coordina-tion of LV wall fluctuations in the model group of rats;cardiac enzymes LDH and CK-MB levels increased,and levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1 β were reduced,exerting cardioprotective effects;HE staining showed that myocardial tissue cell gap was re-duced,myocardial fiber breakage was reduced,cardio-myocyte arrangement tended to be normal,and inflam-matory cell infiltration was reduced;NF-κB p65 entry into the nucleus was reduced,and phosphorylated NF-κB p65(p-NF-κB p65)expression was reduced;and Western blot results showed that the expression of TLR4,MyD88,and NLRP3 proteins was reduced.Conclusions Tilianin pretreatment reduces serum my-ocardial enzymes and inflammatory factors and im-proves myocardial injury in rats with septicemia-in-duced myocardial injury,which may be related to the Tilianin anti-TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammatory signa-ling pathway.

Aim To observe the mechanism of salvian-olic acid B(SalB)against oxygen glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation(OGD/R)injury in H9c2 cardiomyo-cytes.Methods The protective concentration of SalB against OGD/R-injured H9c2 cardiomyocytes was screened by CCK-8 assay.The levels of lactate dehy-drogenase(LDH),aspartate transaminase(AST)and creatine kinase(CK)were detected by ELISA kit.The mechanism of action of SalB on OGD/R-injured H9c2 cardiomyocytes was explored using high-through-put sequencing of the transcriptome.The binding of SalB to differential proteins was assessed using molecu-lar docking assays.Fatty acid content was determined using free fatty acid kits.The relative expressions of mRNA and protein of differential genes were verified by RT-qPCR and Western blot.The causal relationship between the target of action of SalB and heart failure was examined by Mendelian randomization experiment.Results SalB protected OGD/R-injured H9c2 cardio-myocytes and significantly reduced the levels of CK,LDH and AST compared with the blank control group.One hundred differential genes were screened by tran-scriptome sequencing,which were mainly involved in fatty acid elongation,central carbon metabolism of cancer,tryptophan metabolism pathways.Molecular docking showed that SalB had good binding energy to differential proteins.The mRNA and protein expression of core differential genes Elovl6,Echs1 and Acot1 were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results.SalB reduced fatty acidsafter OGD/R injury.Mende-lian randomization experiments suggested that SalB might reduce the risk of heart failure through fatty acid metabolism,thereby reducing the risk of heart failure.Conclusion SalB can protect H9c2 cardiomyocytes after OGD/R injury by down-regulating Elovl6,Echs1 and Acot1 expression through the fatty acid metabolism pathway.

Aim To investigate the effects of hydroxyl-safflor yellow A(HSYA)on the regenerative and re-pair functions of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs).Methods hUC-MSCs were mechanically isolated,and their morphology was ob-served.Cell surface marker expression was analyzed u-sing flow cytometry.Osteogenic differentiation was used to confirm the multipotency of the cells.The cells were treated with various concentrations of HSYA(0,100,200,400,600 μmol·L-1),and the optimal con-centration and duration of treatment were determined u-sing the CCK-8 assay.Cells were divided into four groups:control,100,200,and 400 μmol·L-1.The proliferative capacity of hUC-MSCs was assessed by EdU incorporation.Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BD-NF)levels in the culture supernatant were measured u-sing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Cell migra-tion ability was evaluated by Scratch assays.The ex-pression levels of VEGF,BDNF,and fibroblast growth factor 2(FGF2)were detected by Western blotting.Results The isolated cells exhibited characteristics consistent with stem cell surface markers and demon-strated osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation poten-tial.After 48 hours of treatment,no cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations of 100,200,and 400 μmol·L-1compared to the control group.HSYA signifi-cantly increased the number of EdU-positive cells and cell migration rate,with the most pronounced effect was achieved at 200 μmol·L-1(P＜0.01).VEGF and BDNF levels in the supernatant were elevated,with the highest expression observed at 200 μmol·L-1(P＜0.01).Similarly,the expression levels of BDNF,VEGF,and FGF2 were significantly upregulated in the HSYA groups,with the highest levels at 200 μmol·L-1(P＜0.01).Conclusion HSYA promotes the proliferation,migration and angiogenesis of hUC-MSCs,with an optimal concentration of 200 μmol·L-1.

Aim To investigate the effects of hydroxyl-safflor yellow A(HSYA)on the regenerative and re-pair functions of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs).Methods hUC-MSCs were mechanically isolated,and their morphology was ob-served.Cell surface marker expression was analyzed u-sing flow cytometry.Osteogenic differentiation was used to confirm the multipotency of the cells.The cells were treated with various concentrations of HSYA(0,100,200,400,600 μmol·L-1),and the optimal con-centration and duration of treatment were determined u-sing the CCK-8 assay.Cells were divided into four groups:control,100,200,and 400 μmol·L-1.The proliferative capacity of hUC-MSCs was assessed by EdU incorporation.Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BD-NF)levels in the culture supernatant were measured u-sing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Cell migra-tion ability was evaluated by Scratch assays.The ex-pression levels of VEGF,BDNF,and fibroblast growth factor 2(FGF2)were detected by Western blotting.Results The isolated cells exhibited characteristics consistent with stem cell surface markers and demon-strated osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation poten-tial.After 48 hours of treatment,no cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations of 100,200,and 400 μmol·L-1compared to the control group.HSYA signifi-cantly increased the number of EdU-positive cells and cell migration rate,with the most pronounced effect was achieved at 200 μmol·L-1(P＜0.01).VEGF and BDNF levels in the supernatant were elevated,with the highest expression observed at 200 μmol·L-1(P＜0.01).Similarly,the expression levels of BDNF,VEGF,and FGF2 were significantly upregulated in the HSYA groups,with the highest levels at 200 μmol·L-1(P＜0.01).Conclusion HSYA promotes the proliferation,migration and angiogenesis of hUC-MSCs,with an optimal concentration of 200 μmol·L-1.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of cordycepin in inhibiting fat infiltration after rotator cuff injuries in rats by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway， providing a theoretical basis for clinical treatment of rotator cuff injuries. MethodsFifty SPF-grade female SD rats were used in this study， with 10 randomly selected as the blank group. A rotator cuff injury repair model was established by supraspinatus tendon and suprascapular nerve compression. The successfully modeled rats were randomized into model and low-dose （20 mg·kg^-1）， medium-dose （40 mg·kg^-1）， and high-dose （80 mg·kg^-1） cordycepin groups. After 6 weeks of treatment， the gait analysis was performed to assess the limb function in rats. Oil red O staining and Masson staining were employed to observe pathological changes in the muscle tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure the levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the serum. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was employed to detect the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ） and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α （C/EBPα）， which are markers of adipogenesis. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot were employed to determine the mRNA and protein levels， respectively， of Wnt3a， Wnt10b， and β-catenin. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group showed decreases in stride length and paw print area （P<0.01）， an increase in ratio of wet muscle mass reduction and a decrease in muscle fiber cross-sectional area （P<0.05）， and decreased ratios of fat infiltration area and collagen fiber area （P<0.01）. Additionally， the model group showed elevated levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α （P<0.05）， up-regulated protein levels of PPARγ and C/EBPα （P<0.01）， and down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of Wnt3a， Wnt10b， and β-catenin （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the low-， medium-， and high-dose cordycepin groups showed increases in stride length and paw print area （P<0.01）， a decrease in ratio of wet muscle mass reduction and an increase in muscle fiber cross-sectional area （P<0.05）， and increases in ratios of fat infiltration area and collagen fiber area （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In addition， cordycepin lowered the serum levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）， down-regulated the protein levels of PPARγ and C/EBPα （P<0.01）， and up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of Wnt3a， Wnt10b， and β-catenin （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionCordycepin can improve the limb function， alleviate rotator cuff muscle atrophy， fat infiltration， and fibrosis， and inhibit inflammation in rats by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Medical institutions, with their clinical practice foundation and abundant human use experience data, have become important carriers for the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and the "cradles" of the preparation of new TCM. To effectively promote the transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and establish an effective evaluation index system for the transformation of new TCM conforming to the characteristics of TCM, consensus experts adopted the literature research, questionnaire survey, Delphi method, etc. By focusing on the policy and technical evaluation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions, a comprehensive evaluation from the dimensions of drug safety, efficacy, feasibility, and characteristic advantages was conducted, thus forming a comprehensive evaluation system with four primary indicators and 37 secondary indicators. The expert consensus reached aims to encourage medical institutions at all levels to continuously improve the high-quality research and development and transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and targeted at clinical needs, so as to provide a decision-making basis for the preparation, selection, cultivation, and transformation of new TCM for medical institutions, improve the development efficiency of new TCM, and precisely respond to the public medication needs.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards* ; Humans ; Consensus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

As a cheap and effective antibiotic,sulfonamides are often used in animal husbandry.However,their residues in animal-derived foodstuffs will threaten human health.Consequently,a high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method integrated with supramolecular solvent microextraction was successfully established for simultaneous quantification of sulfonamide residues sulfachlorpyridazine,sulfamethoxazole,sulfamethoxypyridazine and sulfadimethoxine in milk matrices.This approach exhibited prominent characteristics of operational simplicity,environmental sustainability,and high extraction efficiency.The supramolecular solvents prepared by tributyl octylphosphine tetrafluoroborate and tetrahydrofuran were employed as extraction solvents.The analytes underwent isolation and concentration via dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction(DLLME)prior to quantitative determination using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The composition and microscopic morphology of the supramolecular solvent were characterized through a series of analytical techniques,including phase diagram,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and inverted fluorescence microscopy and so on.The density and pH value of supramolecular solvents were determined.The extraction conditions were optimized through the one-factor experiments.The experimental results demonstrated that under the optimal extraction conditions,the four kinds of sulfonamide antibiotics exhibited excellent linearity within respective detection range(R2 ≥ 0.9998)and the limits of detection(LOD)were 0.67-1.45 μg/L.Compared with literature methods,this approach offered some advantages such as simplicity of operation and less reagent consumption,and could be used for analysis and detection of sulfonamide antibiotic residues in milk samples.The present method provided technical support for food safety regulation and paved a new way for the application of supramolecular solvents in the field of extraction and separation.