The aim of this paper was to investigate the mechanism of the active peptide DP17 of Eupolyphaga steleophaga in the treatment of hyperlipidemia rats. HPLC and MADIL-TOF/TOF-MS were used for the amino acid sequence analysis and solid-phase synthesis on the active peptide of E. steleophaga which were obtained by biomimetic enzymatic hydrolysis, separation and purification. The hyperlipidemia model was established by feeding with high-fat diet.Twenty days later, the rats in the blank group and the model group were given the saline and the rats in remaining groups were given the corresponding drugs by oral administration. After administration for 4 weeks, the levels of triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC) and low density lipoprotein(LDL) in serum, the levels of TG, TC, adenosine monophosphate(AMP), adenosine triphosphate(ATP) in liver tissues and TG in feces were detected, respectively. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of liver tissues. The Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method was used to detect the expression of acetyl coa carboxylase(ACC) and hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa reductase(HMGCR) mRNA in liver tissues. The expression of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTORC1) protein and adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK) in liver tissues were detected by Western blot. The analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of active peptide from E. steleophaga was DAVPGAGPAGCHPGAGP(DP17). The results of pharmacological experiments showed that after oral administration of DP17 in rats, the levels of TG, TC and LDL in serum as well as TG and TC levels in liver tissues were significantly decreased(P<0.05), while the levels of AMP, ATP in liver tissues and TG content in feces were significantly increased(P<0.05); the liver steatosis of rats was significantly relieved; the expression of ACC, HMGCR mRNA and mTORC1 protein in liver tissues were significantly reduced, while the expression of AMPK phosphorylated protein was significantly increased(P<0.05). DP17, the active peptide of E. steleophag can significantly reduce lipid accumulation in liver tissues, and it may play a role in reducing blood lipids by regulating the energy metabolism balance in the body and activating AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
Animals ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects* ; Hyperlipidemias/genetics* ; Lipids ; Liver ; Peptides ; Rats ; Triglycerides

AIM To establish the HPLC fingerprints of Kangfuxin Liquid (extract of Periplaneta americana L.) and to determine the contents of six constituents.METHODS The analysis of this drug was performed on a TOSOH TSK-GEL ODS column (250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-water (containing 0.07％ acetic acid) flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 280 nm.RESULTS There were twenty-four common peaks in the fingerprints of ten batches of samples (Ⅰ-Ⅹ) with the similarities of 0.932-0.993 (except for sample Ⅰ).Uracil,hypoxanthine,xanthine,inosine,protocatechuic acid and Cyclo (Gly-Tyr) showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 3.460-173.0,3.960-198.0,3.596-179.8,1.338-66.9,3.672-183.6 and 3.552-177.6 μg/mL,whose average recoveries (RSDS) were99.8％ (2.65％),98.0％ (2.55％),99.7％ (1.59％),100.7％ (2.80％),102.0％ (2.09％) and 99.6％ (1.88％),respectively.CONCLUSION This accurate,stable and simple method can be used for the quality control of Kangfuxin Liquid.

Purpose To explore the effects of ploidy analysis on thoracic neoplasms based on DNA image cytometry (DNA-ICM), and to look for a meaningful novel diagnostic assay for tumor patients. Methods 4 402 patients who were diagnosed with thoracic disease were recruited in 2 years. By the DNA-ICM analysis, all the specimens were diagnosed as three types——positive, equivocal and negative ones. The results of701 specimens were compared with biopsy and clinical followup. Results DNA aneuploidy detected by DNA-ICM were65％ in confirmed malignant samples, 64％ in equivocal malignancy, and 8％ in non-malignant diseases. The comprehensive performance of DNA-ICM in malignancy was 73％, 93％, 71％, 94％ respectively for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. OR analysis found that the risk ratio of aneuploidy in malignancy was 23.236 compared to non-malignancy. Conclusion DNA-ICM can be applied in thoracic malignancy and have more potential values to be explored in oncology.

Objective To analyze the status of quality indicators(QI) on specimen acceptability and establish preliminary qual ity specification.Methods Web based External Quality Assessment system was used to collect data of laboratories partici pated in "Medical quality control indicators in clinical laboratory" from 2015 to 2017,including once in 2015 and 2017 and twice in 2016.Rate and sigma scales were used to evaluate incorrect sample type,incorrect sample container,incorrect fill level and anticoagulant sample clotted.The 25th percentile (P25) and 75th percentile (P75) of the distribution of each QI were employed to establish the high,medium and low specification.Results 5 346,7 593,5 950 and 6 874 laboratories sub mitted the survey results respectively.The P50 of biochemistry (except incorrect fill level),immunology and microbiology reach to 6σ.The P50 of clinical laboratory is 4 to 6σ except for incorrect sample container.There is no significant change of the continuous survey results.Based on results in 2017 to establish the quality specification,the P25 and P75 of the four QIs is 0 and 0.084 4 ％,0 and 0.047 6 ％,0 and 0.114 2 ％,0 and 0.078 4 ％,respectively.Conclusion According to the results of the survey,most laboratories had a faire performance in biochemistry,immunology and microbiology,and clinical laboratory needs to be strengthened.Laboratories should strengthen the laboratory information system construction to ensure the actual and reliable data collection,and make a long time monitoring to achieve a better quality.

Objective To evaluate the in vivo antibacterial effect of cefathiamidinein against mouse septicemia.Methods Experimental model of mouse septicemia was established by intraperitoneally injection with 0.5 mL minimum lethal dose (MLD) bacteria.The 0.2 mL different concentrations of drugs were injected through caudal vein.Cefathiamidine,cefazolin and ampicillin adopted two methods of dose regimen,which are single-dose and two-dose;while,both ceftriaxone and levofloxacin adopted single-dose.The survival time of the infected mouse was monitored for 1-7 d.The 50％,95％ effective doses(ED50,ED95) were determined by the Bi-level integrated system synthesis (BLISS) method.The antibacterial activities between cefiazine and control drugs were compared.In vivo protection experiments were carned out on 3 standard strains and 7 pathogenic strains isolated through single dose.Results The cefathiamidine had good antibacterial activity in vivo against Streptococcus pneumonia and Enterococcus faecalis.The ED50 of single-dose was between 1.43-1.71 mg · kg-1,which was significantly superior to cefazolin and was similar to levofloxacin.According to the results of two -dose regimen,the ED50 values of cefathiamidine against Sreptococcus pneumonia,Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenza significantly declined,which were between 0.78-14.78 mg · kg-1.However,with regard to Enterococcus faecalis,the ED50 value of two-dose increased compared to that of single-dose,which could be related to the fact that low plasma concentration affected protective effects in vivo.Conclusion Cefathiamidine had a better antibacteria effect in vivo against gram-positive bacteria,especially Streptococcus pneumonia and Enterococcus faecalis.Through the comparison between single-dose and two-dose,it is more reasonable to adopt two-dose or multiple-dose of cefathiamidine with regard to most strains.

Objective To evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and influence factors of cefathiamidine against clinical isolates from recent years in China.Methods MIC were tested by two fold agar dilution method.The effect of various experimental conditions (such as inoculation quantity,pH value of medium,percentage of serum)on MIC of cefathiamidine was evaluated.Results A total of 794 clinical strains were tested and cefathiamidine had showed excellent antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacterial.The MIC90 of cefathiamidine against methicillin-susceptible S.aureus (MSSA) and S.epidermidis (MSSE)were 0.50,0.12 mg · L-1,respectively.The MIC90 values of cefathiami-dine had against penicillin-susceptible S.pneumoniae (PSSP) and peni-cillin-nonsusceptible S.pneumoniae(PNSSP) were 0.12 mg· L-1 and not more than 1 mg · L-1,respectively.Against S.pyogenes,the MIC90 was 8 μg · L-1.The MIC90 of cefathiamidine against ampicillin-susceptible E.faecalis and E.faecium were 1,16 mg · L-1,respectively.The MIC90 of cefathiamidine against ampicillin-susceptible Haemophilus spp.and Moraxella catarrhalis were not more than 4 mg L-1 Cefathiamidine also had some antibacterial activity against gram-positive anaerobia.The factors including inoculation quantity,pH value of medium and percentage of serum had no effect on MIC values.Conclusion Cefathiamidine exhibited good activity against gram-positive bacterial including Enterococcus spp..

Objective To determine the antioxidant activity of different polar fractions of Jasmine leaves.Methods The extract of jasmine flo wer leaves was extracted with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and n-butanol to obtain the petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and water fractions.The scavenging abilities of different polar fractions of jasmine leaf on 1,1-two-2-three nitro phenyl hydrazine (DPPH) free radicals,ABTS + radicals,O2-radicals,OH-radicals and the reduction of Fe3 +,Fe2+ were investigated and were compared with that on 2,6-tert butyl -4-methyl phenol (BHT).Results All the fractions had the ability to scavenge DPPH free radicals and ABTS + radicals.The petroleum ether fracton had the strongest ability to scavenge oxygen anion radicals and the ability of different fractions to scavenge hydroxyl radicals was n-butanol ＞ ethyl acetate ＞ petroleum ether ＞ water.For the ability to restore Fe3 +,the most powerful was water reducing part,the weakest was the ethyl acetate part,for the ability of chelating Fe2+ ethyl acetate part was higher than BHT,and the n-butanol part was the weakest.Conclusion The different polar fractions of Guangxi Jasmine leaves had certain antioxidant activity.

Objective To evaluate in vitro synergy between palmatine and commonly used antibiotic against main clinical isolated strains in recent three years.Methods All of 118 strains isolated in recent three years and 2 standard strains were studied.Minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC) were tested by agar dilution method and combination effects were measured by checkerboard method.Results Palmatine showed moderate in vitro activity against Staphylococcus.Synergy was detected with palmatine in combination with levofloxacin against gram-positive and negative strains,though synergistic rate less than 20％.Synergy was not show between palmatine and linezolid.Additive effect was found widely between palmatine and two agents against almost all tested species.Conclusion The results of in vitro synergy tests may be different sometimes on account of various strains,methods,etc.So,more deeper understanding of action mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine and correlation between in vitro test and clinical outcomes will help medical to select antibiotic more suitablly.

Objective To evaluate the value of bone marrow imaging by third-generation dual-source dual-energy CT(DSDECT) using virtual noncalcium(VNCa) technique for the assessment of diffuse infiltrative lesions of multiple myeloma(MM). Methods From December 2015 to June 2016,31 patients with plasma disorders at our center were prospectively recruited and received whole-body imaging with third-generation DSDECT and MRI. CT numbers of vertebrae were measured on VNCa images as well as regular CT images. Correlation between VNCa CT numbers and MRI signal intensities of the vertebrae was evaluated. The diagnostic ability of VNCa for MM infiltrative lesions was assessed by ROC analysis,using MRI as the reference standard. Results The mean VNCa CT numbers of vertebrae with MM diffuse infiltration (n=62) were (-13.27±18.96)HU,which were significantly higher than those of non-infiltrated vertebrae[(-63.31±26.75)HU,(n=117)] (Z=-9.731,P=0.000). VNCa CT numbers of vertebrae were negatively correlated with T1WI signal intensity normalized by non-degenerative vertebral discs (r=-0.592,P=0.000). ROC analysis showed the area under the curve of VNCa for the diagnosis of infiltrative lesions was 0.943. With the cut-off value of-37 HU,the sensitivity and specificity of VNCa were 90.32% and 87.18%,respectively. Conclusion Bone marrow imaging by third-generation DSDECT using VNCa technique is a valuable tool for assessing diffuse infiltrative lesions of MM.
Bone Marrow ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Multiple Myeloma ; diagnostic imaging ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spine ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Neurotoxicity is one common adverse effect caused by many drugs or compounds.In the early phase of new drug development,it is necessary to screen for neurotoxicants.Neurotoxicity studies in nonhuman primates (NHP) are used to evaluate the neurotoxicity of small-molecule drugs or vaccines that may affect the nervous system across the blood-brain barrier during preclinical safety assessment.Toxicologic pathological evaluation or neuropathological examination is the "gold standard" for the evaluation of drug neurotoxicity in preclinical drug safety studies.In this paper,the majory factors influencing the quality of neuropathology evaluation in toxicology,including the general strategy of neuropathology evaluation,the optimal timing of evaluation,the specific blood-brain barrier in the nervous system,the method of sampling in the histopathology of nerve tissue,and the interference of artificial artifacts in diagnosis of neuropathology,were detailly analyzed in order to provide a reference for setting guidelines of neurotoxicity risk assessment in China and pathologists and toxicologists engaged in nonclinical neurotoxicity studies.