Hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection is the primary cause of viral hepatitis and represents a substantial disease burden in China. However， effective and safe agents capable of completely eliminating HBV DNA are still lacking. In modern medicine， anti-HBV strategies mainly target covalently closed circular DNA （cccDNA）， among other mechanisms， and multiple novel drugs are currently under clinical investigation. Traditional medicine has been shown to exert anti-HBV effects through direct pathways， such as blocking viral entry， as well as indirect pathways， including the regulation of programmed cell death. Studies have confirmed that the integration of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and Western medicine in treating HBV infection and its related complications offers complementary advantages， particularly in enhancing HBV clearance rates， improving liver function， preventing various complications， and delaying the progression from hepatic fibrosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. This review focuses on advances in anti-HBV research involving TCM， Western medicine， and their integrated application， aiming to provide a basis for integrated HBV therapy and new drug development.

ObjectiveTo investigate the inhibitory effect of Biejiajian Pills （BJJW） on the growth of liver cancer， as well as its potential mechanism in mediating the AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） pathway through mitochondrial energy metabolism. MethodsHuman hepatoma Huh7 cells were used to establish a nude mouse model of subcutaneous xenograft tumor. A total of 18 tumor-bearing nude mice were randomly divided into model group， BJJW group （2.2 g/kg）， and metformin group （250 mg/kg）， and the corresponding drug was given by gavage for 14 consecutive days. Tumor volume and weight were monitored during the experiment； HE staining was used to observe histopathological changes； the levels of reactive oxygen species （ROS） and adenosine triphosphate （ATP） in tumor tissue were measured； immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to measure the expression levels of proteins associated with the AMPK/mTOR pathway. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups， and the Tukey’s test was used for further comparison between two groups； the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups， and the Dunn’s test was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsCompared with the model group， the BJJW group had a tumor inhibition rate of 45.73%， with significant reductions in both tumor volume and weight （P<0.01）. Pathological examination showed that compared with the model group， the BJJW group had a significant reduction in the number of tumor cells and the presence of extensive necrosis. Mechanistic studies showed that compared with the model group， the BJJW group had a significant increase in ROS level （P<0.001） and a significant reduction in ATP level （P<0.001）， as well as significant increases in p-AMPK/AMPK ratio （0.81±0.20 vs 0.13±0.04， P<0.01） and p-ULK1/ULK1 ratio （0.69±0.17 vs 0.18±0.13， P<0.01） and a significant reduction in p-mTOR/mTOR ratio （1.34±0.16 vs 3.20±0.62， P<0.01）. ConclusionBJJW may inhibit the growth of liver cancer by inducing mitochondrial energy metabolism dysfunction， increasing the level of ROS， reducing the level of ATP， and activating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.

With the increasing use of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in lung cancer screening and health examinations, the clinical goal of pulmonary nodule management has shifted from detecting nodules to identifying lesions that warrant intervention while avoiding overdiagnosis and overtreatment of low-risk disease. Artificial intelligence (AI) has consequently evolved from computer-aided detection and segmentation to benign-malignant differentiation, longitudinal growth assessment, invasiveness prediction, risk stratification, and closed-loop workflow support. This review outlines the developmental trajectory of AI for pulmonary nodules and summarizes advances in detection and segmentation, radiomics, end-to-end deep learning, longitudinal modeling, and multimodal integration across incidentally detected, screening-detected, subsolid, and multiple-nodule scenarios. Particular attention is given to real-world failure modes and their causes, including data and label bias, scanner- and protocol-related distribution shift, spectrum bias and overfitting in subsolid nodules, missed atypical lesions, automation bias, and management of discordance between AI outputs and guideline-based recommendations. Current evidence suggests that AI may improve detection efficiency and risk reclassification in selected settings; however, evidence regarding cross-population calibration, patient-relevant outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and post-deployment monitoring remains limited. AI should therefore be positioned as a human-in-the-loop adjunct within guideline-governed pathways, supported by scenario-specific validation, transparent reporting, interpretability and accountability, continuous performance auditing, and multidisciplinary decision-making.

Hereditary hemochromatosis （HH） is a hereditary disease characterized by iron overload resulting from mutations in genes involved in iron metabolism. Type ⅣA HH， also known as classical ferroportin disease， is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the SLC40A1 gene and has the clinical manifestations of a significant increase in serum ferritin， normal or low transferrin saturation， and marked iron deposition in the spleen. This article reports a case of type ⅣA HH with a significant asymptomatic increase in serum ferritin. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the severity of iron overload in the spleen was significantly higher than that in the liver； liver biopsy showed mild fatty liver disease and iron deposition in Kupffer cells； gene variation analysis identified a heterozygous mutation in SLC40A1 c.485_487del （p.Val162del）. Screening of family members showed that the proband’s mother carried the same variation and had the manifestation of iron overload in the liver and spleen， which further confirmed the pathogenicity of this variation. This case highlights that type ⅣA HH often has an insidious onset and is frequently misdiagnosed. For patients with an unexplained persistent increase in serum ferritin， active genetic testing for HH should be considered， even in the presence of concurrent liver diseases， in order to realize early diagnosis and intervention.

Objective:To establish a quality and safety evaluation index system for the daytime chemotherapy in the Day Medical Management Quality Control Center of Fujian Province, providing references for objectively evaluating the quality of day chemotherapy.Methods:From December 2023 to August 2024, this study screened the initial indexes of the quality and safety evaluation index system for daytime chemotherapy through literature search and expert discussions. An index system and its weights were determined by using two rounds of Delphi method and precedence chart method. The quality of daytime chemotherapy services in 8 hospitals was evaluated by using a thousand point scale checklist based on this index system.Results:The expert motivation of both rounds of Delphi method was 100%, and the expert authority coefficient was 0.92. The quality and safety evaluation index system for daytime chemotherapy included 3 first-level indicators, 13 second-level indicators, and 54 third-level indicators; Among them, the weights of the first-level indicator included structure quality, process quality, and result quality were 0.334, 0.556, and 0.110, respectively. The quality and safety scores of daytime chemotherapy in 8 hospitals ranged from 812 to 980 points, with an average of 933 points.Conclusions:The quality and safety evaluation index system for daytime chemotherapy could objectively and comprehensively evaluate the quality and safety of hospital daytime chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the causality between reproductive traits and risk of psoriasis by using a large Mendelian randomization (MR) study. METHODS: A two-sample MR study was performed using summarized statistics from the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted in reproductive traits, as well as GWAS data on overall psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and psoriasis vulgaris (PV). Besides univariable MR (UVMR), multivariable MR and two-step MR was used to calculate the independent effects and quantify the proportion mediated by education or body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: Genetically predicted early age at first sexual intercourse (AFS) led to an increased risk of overall psoriasis [odds ratio ( OR) _UVMR: 0.54]; 36.13% of this effect was mediated through BMI and 47.79% through educational attainment. The direct negative casual association between age at first birth (AFB)-PsA was dominant ( OR _UVMR: 0.76), with 49.61% proportion of the mediation due to BMI. The mediating effect was found for BMI on the AFS-PV relationship, which accounted for 26.27% of the proportion. AFS was inversely associated with the risk of overall psoriasis and PV, with considerable mediation by BMI and educational attainment. CONCLUSION Early AFB may cause a higher risk of PsA, while the AFS-PsA association was fully mediated by BMI.
Humans ; Body Mass Index ; Psoriasis/etiology* ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Educational Status ; Female ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Risk Factors ; Male ; Reproduction ; Adult

To explore the value of general information and rapid laboratory tests obtained from the emergency department in the early diagnosis and prevention of young patients with acute myocardial infarction and acute myocarditis, in order to prevent the disease from progressing to a critical stage. This study employs a retrospective observational study, compiling clinical data from young patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction or acute myocarditis who were admitted to the Department of Cardiology or Emergency Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2015 to September 2024. Demographic information and laboratory test results from both the outpatient and emergency departments were retrieved. The acute myocardial infarction group comprised 267 patients (257 males, 10 females) aged 23-44 ys, while the acute myocarditis group included 134 patients (93 males, 41 females) aged 18-44 ys. A comparative analysis of the clinical data between the two groups was conducted, encompassing variables such as age, gender, comorbidities, high-risk factors, emergency blood routine tests, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, coagulation profiles, renal function tests, NT-proBNP levels, myocardial injury markers, electrocardiogram readings, blood pressure, and heart rate. The results showed that:Compared with the young myocarditis group, the myocardial infarction group was older (ys)[38(35, 42) vs 30(25, 37), U=7 893, P<0.001], more male [257(96.3%) vs 93(69.4%), χ2=57.95, P<0.001], more smoking [211(79.0%) vs 38(28.4%), χ2=97.32, P<0.001], drinking history [125(46.8%) vs 22(16.4%), χ2=35.51, P<0.001], family history of coronary heart disease [45(16.9%) vs 3(2.2%), χ2=18.09, P<0.001], hypertension [100(37.5%) vs 12(9.0%), χ2=36, P<0.001] and diabetes [42(15.7%) vs 4(3.0%), χ2=14.27, P<0.001]. Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)[126(114, 144) vs 119(101, 126), U=11 389.50, P<0.001], diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)[80(70, 93) vs 72(62, 81), U=12 220.50, P<0.001], total white blood cell count (10 9/L)[11.3(9.2, 14.1) vs 8.5(6.6, 11.2), U=10 825.50, P<0.001], hemoglobin (g/L)[157(147, 166) vs 143(129, 154), U=9 404.50, P<0.001], platelet count (10 9/L)[244(206, 297) vs 207(173, 253), U=11 680, P<0.001], uric acid (μmol/L)[380(315, 446) vs 347(265, 412), U=14 805.50, P=0.005], ST segment elevation [204(76.4%) vs 57(42.5%), χ2=73.03, P<0.001] and Q wave formation [76(28.5%) vs 17(12.7%), χ2=12.47, P<0.001] in ECG were higher than those in myocarditis group. The duration of onset (hs) [6(3, 25) vs 48(24, 73), U=27911, P<0.001], heart rate (beats/min)[82(74, 92) vs 92(78, 103), U=22 347, P<0.001], D-dimer (μg/ml)[0.23(0.17, 0.51) vs 0.61(0.30, 1.38), U=25 806, P<0.001], High-sensitivity troponin T/99th percentile upper reference limit [5(1, 36) vs 16(8, 39), U=22 577, P<0.001], NT-proBNP (pg/ml) [204(64, 644) vs 824(189, 4 043), U=25 134, P<0.001], C-reactive protein (mg/L)[6(3, 9) vs 24(6, 55), U=26 349.50, P<0.001] and body temperature (℃) [36.50(36.30, 36.60) vs 37.35(36.50, 38.50), U=26 961, P<0.001] were significantly lower than those in myocarditis group, the symptoms of chest pain in myocardial infarction group was significantly higher than those in myocarditis group [262(98.1%) vs 83(61.9%), χ2=97.24, P<0.001], and the history of prodromal infection [12(4.5%) vs 112(83.6%), χ2=261.26, P<0.001], syncope [11(4.1%) vs 18(13.4%), χ2=11.53, P<0.001] and shock [6(2.2%) vs 22(16.4%), χ2=27.59, P<0.001] in myocardial infarction group were significantly lower than those in myocarditis group. With acute myocardial infarction as the target outcome, 8 influencing factors selected by LASSO regression, and 5 independent influencing factors were found after multiple Logistic regression, those were age ( OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.12-1.31; P<0.001), pre-infection ( OR=0.02, 95% CI: 0.01-0.06; P<0.001), body temperature ( OR=0.37, 95% CI: 0.18-0.77; P=0.008), chest pain ( OR=26.75, 95% CI: 5.87-121.81; P<0.001) and white blood cell count ( OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.12-1.44; P<0.001). Younger age, high body temperature and pre-infection are independent predictors for acute myocarditis, while chest pain and elevated white blood cell count are independent predictors for acute myocardial infarction. The five influencing factors selected by multivariate logistic regression and their combined diagnostic model were subjected to ROC analysis. The AUC reached 0.969, sensitivity reached 0.940 and specificity reached 0.925. Calibration curve and decision curve analysis(DCA) demonstrate that the model possesses excellent clinical application value. In conclusion, age, chest pain, pre-infection, body temperature and white blood cell count were independent factors in distinguishing acute myocardial infarction and acute myocarditis in young people. The clinical differential diagnosis model based on 5 independent factors may has high efficiency and good clinical practicability.

Recent studies have shown that the physiological homeostasis of oral mucosal cells is regulated by the circadian clock.Dis-ruption or dysfunction of the circadian clock is closely associated with the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Research based on the circadian clock offers a novel perspective on the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for OSCC.However,there is current-ly limited research on this topic,and people generally have insufficient understanding and recognition of the circadian clock.Given the complexity and challenges of circadian clock which is the fourth dimension of medical research,we organize relevant experts based on summarizing the current research results of circadian clock in the pathogenesis and precision diagnosis and treatment of OSCC,combining the scientific principles of the circadian clock's role and their long-term research experience,then summarizes and recommends the con-sensus opinions for the research of circadian clock in the pathogenesis mechanism and precision diagnosis and treatment of human OSCC,with the hope of providing guidance for the basic research and clinical application of circadian clock or circadian rhythm in the pathogene-sis mechanism and precision diagnosis and treatment of oral and maxillofacial squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy and pharmacotherapy alone in the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma(CSDH).Methods:Firstly, retrospective case series study was conducted. Thirty cases of CSDH that had received body posture combined with pharmacotherapy at Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from December 2016 to October 2020 were studied retrospectively. Twenty-seven patients were male, and 3 patients were female. The age of patients ( M(IQR)) was 66(16) years (range:28 to 84). Nineteen patients had unilateral hematoma, and 11 patients had bilateral hematoma. All patients received pharmacotherapy and body posture therapy that was to raise their lower limbs 20 to 30 cm with leg lift pad and get abdominal compressed with customized abdominal belt in supine position. Patients were required to maintain the body posture as much as possible, with the maximum to 16 to 18 hours per day. Patients with unilateral hematoma should tilt the head to the affected side and avoid tilting it to the opposite side. For patients with bilateral hematoma, there was no need for head lateralization. Patient were treated with oral dexamethasone and atorvastatin simultaneously. The preliminary efficacy of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy was determined by hematoma improvement rate which was analyzed by Clopper-Pearson method. Then, the multi-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial had carried out in 9 medical centers from August 2020 to November 2021. The stratified block randomization method was adopted. Patients were randomized in a ratio of 1∶1 to either receive pharmacotherapy alone(the control group) or body posture combined with pharmacotherapy(the experiment group) for 3 months and followed up for 6 months. Effective treatment was defined as complete absorption of hematoma, or the hematoma volume decreased by more than 10 ml and Markwalder grading scale score had improved by more than 1 point compared to the baseline. The efficacy rate and surgery conversion rate at 3 months and recurrence at 6 months were observed. Comparison between groups was performed with paired sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, corrected χ2 test, or Fisher exact probability method. Logistic regression was used to compare the effective rate and operation rate between the two groups. Results:In the respective study, 30 patients completed follow-up 13 to 353 days after treatment. At the last follow-up, the incidence of almost complete absorption or significantly absorption of hematoma (hematoma volume was significantly reduced accompanied by symptom improvement) was 93.3%. The 95% CI for the incidence that analyzed by the Clopper-Pearson method was 77.9% to 99.2%. One hundred and six patients were enrolled in the multicenter study. Fifty-five patients underwent body posture combined with pharmacotherapy. The age was 74(17) years (range:26 to 92). Thirty-nine patients were males and 16 were females. Fifty-one patients underwent pharmacotherapy alone. The age was 69(12) years (range:48 to 84). Thirty-seven patients were males and 14 were females. The length of body posture recorded in diary card was (15.7±2.3) hours(range:7.6 to 19.3 hours). The efficacy rate in the body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group and pharmacotherapy alone group were 83.6% (46/55) and 56.9% (29/51), respectively at 3 months. The result of the logistic regression analysis showed that the efficacy of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group was better than that of pharmacotherapy alone group ( OR=3.88,95% CI:1.57 to 9.58, P=0.003). Surgery rate in the body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group and pharmacotherapy alone group were 5.5% (3/55) and 21.6% (11/51) respectively. The result of Logistic regression showed that the pharmacotherapy alone group was more likely to be converted to surgery ( OR=0.21,95% CI:0.05 to 0.80, P=0.023). At the 6 months, no recurrence of cases was found in the body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group. However, the recurrence rate of pharmacotherapy alone group was 6.3% (3/48), there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The effect of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy for chronic subdural hematoma is better than that of pharmacotherapy alone.

Objective:To compare and analyze the changes of aggregation rate and routine parameters of platelets stored in temperature cycle,cold storage at 4 ℃ and oscillating storage at 22 ℃,so as to provide more experimental data for platelet preservation methods.Methods:Blood samples were collected at 5 time points on the 1st,2nd,3rd,4th and 6th day after platelet cycling preservation at temperature,cold storage at 4 ℃,and oscillating storage at 22 ℃.Platelet maximum aggregation rate(MAR)and routine parameters including platelet count(PLT),mean platelet volume(MPV),platelet distribution width(PDW)and platelet-larger cell ratio(P-LCR)were detected.Results:The platelet MAR of three groups showed a significant decrease trend with the preservation time,the fastest decrease was in the 22 ℃ group,the slowest was in the 4 ℃ group,and the temperature cycle group was between the two groups.On the 3rd day of preservation,the platelet MAR in 4 ℃ group was still in the normal range(MAR＞60％),while in temperature cycle group was about 50％,and in 22 ℃ group was the lowest.On the 4th day of preservation,platelet MAR in all the three groups was lower than 50％,and that in temperature cycle group was significantly lower than in 4 ℃ group but higher than in 22 ℃ group(both P＜0.05).On the 6th day of preservation,platelet MAR in the temperature cycle group was significantly lower than that in the 4 ℃ group(P＜0.05),but there was no statistically significant difference compared to 22 ℃ group(P＞0.05).PLT values in the three groups were all significantly decreased with the preservation time extension,and were significantly lower than those in the early stage of preservation within 6 days(all P＜0.05).PDW in temperature cycle group had no significant change within 6 days of preservation,but MPV and P-LCR were significantly increased.MPV,PDW and P-LCR all decreased significantly in 4 ℃ group within 6 days of preservation but increased in 22 ℃ group.Under the same storage days,PLT value of temperature cycle group had no significant difference with that of 4 ℃ group and 22 ℃ group,while MPV,PDW and P-LCR values were significantly higher than 4 ℃ group but lower than 22 ℃ group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion:The aggregation function and routine parameters changes of temperature circulating preserved platelets are between 4 and 22 ℃.