The technology of xenogeneic organ transplantation, as one of the core strategies to address the current contradiction between the supply and demand of transplant organs, has achieved significant breakthroughs from basic research to clinical application driven by factors such as the innovation of gene modification technology, the injection of research capital and the expansion of clinical trials, especially with the first actual clinical application of a pig heart-to-human transplant. China is also at the forefront of this field. This article intends to summarize the international research trends of xenogeneic organ transplantation (including financial support, the evolution of research stages and global clinical trial cases), and analyze the evolution and optimization of xenogeneic transplantation immunosuppression schemes, as well as the breakthroughs and unresolved scientific issues in current key clinical application technologies. The aim is to comprehensively present the progress of this field from basic research to clinical transformation, and provide references for promoting the rapid development of China's xenogeneic transplantation technology and subsequent clinical transformation and research directions.

OBJECTIVE To confirm trigger items for adverse drug reaction （ADR） induced by bevacizumab， to identify and analyze the occurrence of related ADR， and to establish a predictive model for severe adverse reaction （SAR） caused by this drug. METHODS Based on the global trigger tool （GTT） theory， and referencing the GTT White Paper， drug package inserts and relevant literature， trigger items for bevacizumab-related ADR were confirmed using a single-round Delphi method. Utilizing these established items， electronic medical records of relevant patients at Guilin People’s Hospital from January 2020 to September 2024 were actively screened via the China Hospital Pharmacovigilance System. Pharmacists then identified and tallied the occurrence of bevacizumab-induced ADR. Data from patients with any positive trigger item served as the study subjects （divided into training and test sets at a ratio of 7∶3）， candidate feature variables were selected from 39 related variables using the Boruta algorithm， and the multivariable Logistic regression analysis was performed with the occurrence of SAR as the dependent variable. Based on these candidate features， Logistic Regression， Extreme Gradient Boosting， Light Gradient Boosting Machine， Random Forest， and Categorical Boosting models were constructed. Model performance was evaluated using metrics including the area under the curve （AUC） of receiver operating characteristic curve and recall rate. The Shapley Additive exPlanations （SHAP） method was applied to analyze and interpret the contribution of each variable. A nomogram was constructed based on the optimal model. RESULTS A total of 38 trigger items for active monitoring of bevacizumab-related ADR were determined， comprising 17 laboratory indicators， 13 clinical manifestations， and 8 intervention measures. In total， 483 patients with positive trigger items were included， and 318 patients with bevacizumab-induced ADR were identified， including 83 SARs. The positive predictive values for the trigger items and cases were 43.57% （708/1 625） and 63.84% （318/483）， respectively. Bevacizumab-induced ADR involved 7 systems/organs， with the hematological system being the most frequently involved （64.15%）. The Boruta algorithm selected 7 vari ables： serum potassium， hematocrit， albumin-to-globulin ratio， prealbumin， hypertension history， age and red blood cell count. Multivariable Logistic regression showed that elevated serum potassium levels were associated with a decreased risk of bevacizumab-induced SAR （OR＝0.234， P ＝0.002）， while a history of hypertension （OR＝2.642， P ＝0.006） and increased age （OR＝1.040， P ＝0.025） were associated with an increased risk. The Logistic Regression model demonstrated superior performance with higher AUC， F1 score and recall rate （0.761， 0.447， 0.607）， compared to other models. SHAP evaluation results indicated that variables such as serum potassium， hematocrit， and age ranked highest in importance. CONCLUSIONS Totally 38 trigger entries have been successfully identified for active screening of bevacizumab-related ADR. Elevated serum potassium levels are a protective factor against bevacizumab-induced SAR， whereas the hypertension history and increased age are risk factors. The Logistic Regression model is the optimal predictive model.

Esophageal cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor of the digestive tract in China, and radical surgery remains the cornerstone of its comprehensive treatment. However, multifactorial challenges such as postoperative gastrointestinal tract reconstruction, traumatic stress, and tumor-related metabolic disturbances render esophageal cancer patients highly susceptible to malnutrition. Perioperative nutritional support therapy plays a crucial role in enhancing surgical safety, improving clinical outcomes, and elevating patients' quality of life by regulating metabolic homeostasis, preserving organ function, and optimizing the immune microenvironment. This article reviews the mechanisms underlying malnutrition in esophageal cancer, methods for nutritional status assessment, and precision intervention pathways based on multi-omics evaluations. The aim is to strengthen clinicians' awareness of standardized perioperative nutritional management for esophageal cancer patients and promote its clinical implementation, thereby facilitating postoperative recovery and improving long-term quality of life.

Objective To study the photodynamic performance and the killing effect of photodynamic therapy on lung cancer of novel chlorin compounds 2-（4-（5,15,20-triphenyl-7H,8H-porphyrin-10-yl） phenoxy） acetic acid（D1）and 4-（4-（5,15,20-triphenyl-7H,8H-porphyrin-10-yl） phenoxy） butanoic acid （D2）. Methods The ultraviolet visible absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum of D1 and D2 were determined. The singlet oxygen generation capacity of D1 and D2 was measured by using DPBF as singlet oxygen capture agent. Fluorescence assay was used to detect the cellular phagocytosis rate of the compounds in A549 cells, and MTT assay was used to detect their dark toxicity and phototoxicity. A nude mouse model of lung cancer was established to investigate the antitumor activity of the compounds mediated photodynamic action in vivo, and the blood concentration of D2 in nude mice, its distribution in tumor tissue and skin tissue were further detected. Results D1 and D2 had strong absorption at 652 nm with the best excitation wavelength at 429 nm and 427 nm, and the optimal emission wavelength was at about 659 nm. They also had a higher singlet oxygen generation rate than the control drug m-THPC. D1 and D2 had no dark toxicity at concentrations below 10 μmol/L, and could be ingested by A549 cells, basically reaching saturation in 18~24 hours. After laser irradiation at 650 nm wavelength, D1 and D2 showed significant antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro （P<0.01）. However, D2 could selectively accumulate in tumor tissues after administration, and the optimal treatment time was less than 30 min after administration. Conclusion D2 had excellent photodynamic antitumor activity and could selectively aggregate in tumor tissues, which had the potential to be a candidate drug for photosensitizer and treatment of lung cancer with independent intellectual property rights, and was worth further research.

Bronchial asthma is a common heterogeneous disease of airway inflammation, and children are the main susceptible population. Modern medical studies have suggested that bronchial asthma is related to inflammatory response and immune system, and a variety of inflammatory cells are involved in disease progression. In recent years, important progress has been made in the study of immune inflammatory indicators of prognosis, which is of great value for clinical evaluation of treatment effect and prognosis of patients. This paper reviews the application progress of typical immune inflammatory indicators such as cytokines, chemokines, immune cells and their surface molecules, and inflammatory mediators in the role mechanism and prognosis evaluation of bronchial asthma, in order to provide more scientific reference basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of bronchial asthma.

Objective Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare condition. This report summarizes the characteristics of IMT in order to strengthen clinicians' understanding of this disease. Case Presentation A 59-year-old female patient presented with intermittent right flank and abdominal pain with fever for 1 month, and a right renal mass detected 3 weeks ago. The highest body temperature during the course of the illness was 39℃. She received symptomatic antiinfective treatment at another hospital for 2 weeks, and the symptoms were alleviated. Enhanced CT of the lower abdomen strongly suggested a right renal carcinoma, with multiple small lymph nodes in the peritoneal cavity and retroperitoneum. MRI indicated a neoplastic lesion in the right kidney, with suspicion of chromophobe cell carcinoma. Laparoscopic partial right nephrectomy was performed under general anesthesia, and the procedure was successful. Postoperative pathology showed that there was significant localized infiltration of lymphocytes and formation of lymphoid follicles, and the lymph nodes showed chronic inflammation. The final diagnosis was IMT. In the follow-up of 3 months, no tumor recurrence was observed. Conclusion IMT has a high misdiagnosis rate. When imaging findings are atypical for renal cell carcinoma, IMT should be suspected. The preferred treatment is laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of cordycepin in inhibiting fat infiltration after rotator cuff injuries in rats by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway， providing a theoretical basis for clinical treatment of rotator cuff injuries. MethodsFifty SPF-grade female SD rats were used in this study， with 10 randomly selected as the blank group. A rotator cuff injury repair model was established by supraspinatus tendon and suprascapular nerve compression. The successfully modeled rats were randomized into model and low-dose （20 mg·kg^-1）， medium-dose （40 mg·kg^-1）， and high-dose （80 mg·kg^-1） cordycepin groups. After 6 weeks of treatment， the gait analysis was performed to assess the limb function in rats. Oil red O staining and Masson staining were employed to observe pathological changes in the muscle tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure the levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the serum. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was employed to detect the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ） and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α （C/EBPα）， which are markers of adipogenesis. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot were employed to determine the mRNA and protein levels， respectively， of Wnt3a， Wnt10b， and β-catenin. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group showed decreases in stride length and paw print area （P<0.01）， an increase in ratio of wet muscle mass reduction and a decrease in muscle fiber cross-sectional area （P<0.05）， and decreased ratios of fat infiltration area and collagen fiber area （P<0.01）. Additionally， the model group showed elevated levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α （P<0.05）， up-regulated protein levels of PPARγ and C/EBPα （P<0.01）， and down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of Wnt3a， Wnt10b， and β-catenin （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the low-， medium-， and high-dose cordycepin groups showed increases in stride length and paw print area （P<0.01）， a decrease in ratio of wet muscle mass reduction and an increase in muscle fiber cross-sectional area （P<0.05）， and increases in ratios of fat infiltration area and collagen fiber area （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In addition， cordycepin lowered the serum levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）， down-regulated the protein levels of PPARγ and C/EBPα （P<0.01）， and up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of Wnt3a， Wnt10b， and β-catenin （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionCordycepin can improve the limb function， alleviate rotator cuff muscle atrophy， fat infiltration， and fibrosis， and inhibit inflammation in rats by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo elucidate the critical role of rehabilitation medical records (including electronic records) in rehabilitation medicine's clinical practice and management, comprehensively analyzed the structure, core content and data standards of rehabilitation medical records, to develop a standardized medical record data architecture and core dataset suitable for rehabilitation medicine and to explore the application of rehabilitation data in performance evaluation and payment. MethodsBased on the regulatory documents Basic Specifications for Medical Record Writing and Basic Specifications for Electronic Medical Records (Trial) issued by National Health Commission of China, and referencing the World Health Organization (WHO) Family of International Classifications (WHO-FICs) classifications, International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10/ICD-11), International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI Beta-3), this study constructed the data architecture, core content and data standards for rehabilitation medical records. Furthermore, it explored the application of rehabilitation record summary sheets (home page) data in rehabilitation medical statistics and payment methods, including Diagnosis-related Groups (DRG), Diagnosis-Intervention Packet (DIP) and Case Mix Index. ResultsThis study proposed a systematic standard framework for rehabilitation medical records, covering key components such as patient demographics, rehabilitation diagnosis, functional assessment, rehabilitation treatment prescriptions, progress evaluations and discharge summaries. The research analyzed the systematic application methods and data standards of ICD-10/ICD-11, ICF and ICHI Beta-3 in the fields of medical record terminology, coding and assessment. Constructing a standardized data structure and data standards for rehabilitation medical records can significantly improve the quality of data reporting based on the medical record summary sheet, thereby enhancing the quality control of rehabilitation services, effectively supporting the optimization of rehabilitation medical insurance payment mechanisms, and contributing to the establishment of rehabilitation medical performance evaluation and payment based on DRG and DIP. ConclusionStructured rehabilitation records and data standardization are crucial tools for quality control in rehabilitation. Systematically applying the three reference classifications of the WHO-FICs, and aligning with national medical record and electronic health record specifications, facilitate the development of a standardized rehabilitation record architecture and core dataset. Standardizing rehabilitation care pathways based on the ICF methodology, and developing ICF- and ICD-11-based rehabilitation assessment tools, auxiliary diagnostic and therapeutic systems, and supporting terminology and coding systems, can effectively enhance the quality of rehabilitation records and enable interoperability and sharing of rehabilitation data with other medical data, ultimately improving the quality and safety of rehabilitation services.

ObjectiveTo explore the role of cucurbitacin B （CuB） in inducing ferroptosis in 4T1 cells and its mechanism. MethodsThe effects of CuB（0.2， 0.4， 0.8 μmol·L^-1）on the proliferation ability of 4T1 cells in vitro were detected using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） assay. The clonogenic ability of 4T1 cells was detected by the plate cloning assay， and the levels of lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） in 4T1 cells were detected by the use of a kit. The mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels in 4T1 cells were detected by flow cytometry， and the mitochondrial ultrastructure of 4T1 cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The western blot was used to detect the expression of ferroptosis-related protein p53 in 4T1 cells， solute carrier family 7 member 11 （SCL7A11）， glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4）， long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 （ACSL4）， transferrin receptor protein 1 （TFR1）， and ferritin heavy chain 1 （FTH1）. ResultsCompared with that in the blank group， the survival rate of 4T1 cells in CuB groups was significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and the number of cell clones in CuB groups was significantly reduced （P<0.01）. In addition， compared with that in the blank group， the leakage of LDH in cells in CuB groups was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the mitochondrial membrane potential of cells in CuB groups decreased significantly （P<0.01）. Cellular ROS levels were significantly elevated in CuB groups （P<0.01）. The mitochondria of cells in CuB groups were obviously wrinkled， and the mitochondrial cristae were reduced or even disappeared. Compared with that in the blank group， the protein expression of p53， ACSL4， and TFR1 were significantly up-regulated in CuB groups （P<0.05）， and that of SLC7A11， GPX4， and FTH1 were significantly down-regulated （P<0.05）. ConclusionCuB may inhibit SLC7A11 and GPX4 expression by up-regulating the expression of p53， which in turn regulates the p53/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway axis and accelerates the generation of lipid peroxidation substrate by up-regulating the expression of ACSL4. It up-regulates TFR1 expression to promote cellular uptake of Fe³⁺ and down-regulates the expression of FTH1 to reduce the ability of iron storage， resulting in an elevated free Fe²⁺ level. It catalyzes the Fenton reaction， generates excess ROS， imbalances the antioxidant system and iron metabolism， and then induces ferroptosis in 4T1 cells.

ObjectiveTo explore the role of cucurbitacin B （CuB） in inducing ferroptosis in 4T1 cells and its mechanism. MethodsThe effects of CuB（0.2， 0.4， 0.8 μmol·L^-1）on the proliferation ability of 4T1 cells in vitro were detected using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） assay. The clonogenic ability of 4T1 cells was detected by the plate cloning assay， and the levels of lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） in 4T1 cells were detected by the use of a kit. The mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels in 4T1 cells were detected by flow cytometry， and the mitochondrial ultrastructure of 4T1 cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The western blot was used to detect the expression of ferroptosis-related protein p53 in 4T1 cells， solute carrier family 7 member 11 （SCL7A11）， glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4）， long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 （ACSL4）， transferrin receptor protein 1 （TFR1）， and ferritin heavy chain 1 （FTH1）. ResultsCompared with that in the blank group， the survival rate of 4T1 cells in CuB groups was significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and the number of cell clones in CuB groups was significantly reduced （P<0.01）. In addition， compared with that in the blank group， the leakage of LDH in cells in CuB groups was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the mitochondrial membrane potential of cells in CuB groups decreased significantly （P<0.01）. Cellular ROS levels were significantly elevated in CuB groups （P<0.01）. The mitochondria of cells in CuB groups were obviously wrinkled， and the mitochondrial cristae were reduced or even disappeared. Compared with that in the blank group， the protein expression of p53， ACSL4， and TFR1 were significantly up-regulated in CuB groups （P<0.05）， and that of SLC7A11， GPX4， and FTH1 were significantly down-regulated （P<0.05）. ConclusionCuB may inhibit SLC7A11 and GPX4 expression by up-regulating the expression of p53， which in turn regulates the p53/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway axis and accelerates the generation of lipid peroxidation substrate by up-regulating the expression of ACSL4. It up-regulates TFR1 expression to promote cellular uptake of Fe³⁺ and down-regulates the expression of FTH1 to reduce the ability of iron storage， resulting in an elevated free Fe²⁺ level. It catalyzes the Fenton reaction， generates excess ROS， imbalances the antioxidant system and iron metabolism， and then induces ferroptosis in 4T1 cells.