Dry eye disease(DED)is a common ocular surface disorder worldwide, primarily characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and frequently associated with meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD), decreased tear film stability, ocular discomfort, and visual impairment. In recent years, factors such as the widespread use of digital devices,the aging population, and environmental changes have contributed to a significant increase in its global prevalence, making it a major public health concern. Red light therapy(RLT), also known as low-level laser therapy(LLLT)or photobiomodulation(PBM), is a non-invasive treatment that utilizes low-energy red or near-infrared light to irradiate tissues. It exerts photobiomodulatory effects to promote cellular repair and functional recovery. This therapy has demonstrated considerable potential in treating various ocular conditions. Its broader clinical application could improve therapeutic outcomes, alleviate patient discomfort and financial burden, and reduce the consumption of healthcare resources, thereby yielding significant socio-economic benefits. This paper systematically reviews the multifaceted mechanisms and application prospects of RLT in managing DED, including its anti-inflammatory effects, improvement of meibomian gland function, promotion of conjunctival goblet cell repair, and alleviation of visual fatigue, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and practical reference for its clinical adoption.

BACKGROUND:Collagen combined with microneedling therapy has gradually become an important means of improving skin photoaging.OBJECTIVE:To summarize and explore the main mechanism and clinical application status of collagen combined with microneedle therapy.METHODS:PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and ScienceDirect databases were searched for Chinese and English literature published before August 2024.Chinese and English search terms were"ultraviolet radiation,photoaging,collagen,microneedling,clinical applications."Finally,74 articles were included for summary.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Collagen treats skin photoaging through mechanisms such as inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase expression,retaining skin moisture,and reducing melanin formation.Microneedles can better promote the penetration of collagen into deep layers of the skin,breaking down the skin's barrier and increasing the absorption rate.Collagen combined with microneedles has various beneficial effects for treating skin photoaging,such as whitening,anti-wrinkle,improving skin elasticity,shrinking pores,and repairing skin barriers.It also has the advantages of easy operation,significant effects,and high safety.Currently,the research on collagen combined with microneedling therapy is still in its early stages,and achieving clinical application may become a key research direction in the future.The clinical application of collagen combined with microneedles for the treatment of photoaging still faces many challenges,such as exploring the optimal mechanical structure and materials of microneedles,selecting appropriate microneedle types,and insufficient clinical evidence that collagen combined with microneedles can further delay the treatment of skin photoaging.

BACKGROUND:Collagen combined with microneedling therapy has gradually become an important means of improving skin photoaging.OBJECTIVE:To summarize and explore the main mechanism and clinical application status of collagen combined with microneedle therapy.METHODS:PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and ScienceDirect databases were searched for Chinese and English literature published before August 2024.Chinese and English search terms were"ultraviolet radiation,photoaging,collagen,microneedling,clinical applications."Finally,74 articles were included for summary.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Collagen treats skin photoaging through mechanisms such as inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase expression,retaining skin moisture,and reducing melanin formation.Microneedles can better promote the penetration of collagen into deep layers of the skin,breaking down the skin's barrier and increasing the absorption rate.Collagen combined with microneedles has various beneficial effects for treating skin photoaging,such as whitening,anti-wrinkle,improving skin elasticity,shrinking pores,and repairing skin barriers.It also has the advantages of easy operation,significant effects,and high safety.Currently,the research on collagen combined with microneedling therapy is still in its early stages,and achieving clinical application may become a key research direction in the future.The clinical application of collagen combined with microneedles for the treatment of photoaging still faces many challenges,such as exploring the optimal mechanical structure and materials of microneedles,selecting appropriate microneedle types,and insufficient clinical evidence that collagen combined with microneedles can further delay the treatment of skin photoaging.

Objective:To explore the effective active components of Qi Bi Anshen decoction(QAT)in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder(ASD)and its effects on ASD behaviors and related lipid metabolism abnormalities.Methods:24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:Control group,PPA group and PPA+QAT group.The ASD rat model was established by intracerebroventricular injection of propionic acid,and the QAT administration group was given intragastric administration for 7 days.Behavioral tests were conducted to detect the so-cial,repetitive stereotyped and anxiety-like behaviors of rats.UPLC-MS was used to analyze the differential metabolites and enriched pathways of rats.Network pharmacology was used to screen the effective active monomer components of QAT involved in regulating ASD.10 sexually mature C57BL/6J mice were randomly paired in male-female cages.The ASD mouse model was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of sodium valproate to pregnant mice.The preg-nant mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:Control group,VPA group and VPA+QUE group.The administration group was given QUE in the drinking water of pregnant mice until the end of the perinatal period.Behavioral tests were conducted to detect ASD-like behaviors in mice.Reagent kits were used to detect the contents of alkaline phosphatase(AKP),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),triglycerides(TG)and total cholesterol(TC)in the liver and serum of mice.Oil red O staining was used to observe the morphology of liver cells.Results:QAT administration could improve the ASD-like behaviors induced by PPA(P＜0.05).UPLC-MS analysis showed that the differential metabolites of each group of rats were mainly enriched in lipid metabolism pathways.Network pharmacol-ogy screening identified QUE as the effective active monomer component.QUE administration could improve the ASD-like behaviors induced by VPA(P＜0.05).QUE administration could reverse the abnormal changes in AKP,TC and TG in the liver induced by VPA(P＜0.05)and reduce lipid droplet deposition in the liver.Conclusion:The active monomer component QUE in QAT has therapeutic effects on ASD behaviors and related liver lipid metabolism abnormali-ties.

Objective:To investigate the protective effects of Mailuoning(MLN)against cisplatin(CP)-induced acute kidney injury(AKI)utilizing network pharmacology and to analyze the underlying mechanism of action related to anti-apoptotic pathways.Methods:Active components of MLN and targets related to AKI were identified using network pharmacology.The active components of MLN were sourced from the TCMSP and ETCM 2.0 databases.The targets of components were predicted using the Swiss Target Prediction tool,and subsequently the targets related to AKI were retrieved from the GeneCards database to identify intersecting targets.A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database,and a topological analysis was performed using Cytoscape to identify core targets.Gene Ontology(GO)functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway en-richment analyses were conducted on these core targets.For the animal experiments,forty mice were randomly assigned to four groups:solvent control,MLN toxicity control,CP model,and CP+MLN groups.The MLN group received intraperitoneal injections of MLN at a dose of 15 mL/(kg·d)for ten consecutive days.The CP model and CP+MLN groups were administered a single intraperitoneal injec-tion of CP at 20 mg/kg on day 7.Three days after the CP treatment,plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and creatinine(Cre)were measured.The pathological injury of kidney tissues was as-sessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining.Western blot analysis was utilized to determine the expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)and apoptosis-related proteins in kid-ney tissues.Results:A total of 104 active components of MLN and 224 targets were identified using network pharmacology,and 2 465 targets were identified to be related to AKI,resulting in 117 intersecting targets,of which,17 targets were classified as core targets.KEGG and GO analyses indicated that the apoptosis-related signal transduction pathway might be a crucial pathway through which MLN provided protective effects against AKI.The results of animal experiments confirmed the successful establishment of CP-induced AKI models in mice.Compared with the CP model group,MLN treatment significantly reduced plasma levels of BUN and Cre(P<0.05),inhibited NGAL protein expression in the kidneys(P<0.05),and improved the pathological injury observed in kidney tissues.Furthermore,MLN markedly reduced the expression levels of p-P53(ser 15)and cleaved caspase-3 proteins,as well as the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in kidney tissues of AKI model mice(P<0.05),while upregulating protein kinase B phosphorylation levels(P<0.05).Conclusion:MLN demonstrates protective effects against CP-induced AKI in mice,potentially through mechanisms related to its anti-apoptotic properties.

Objective:To compare the etiological characteristics between influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in outpatient and emergency departments and those with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in Guangdong Province, hoping to provide scientific evidence for the treatment, prevention, and control of respiratory infectious diseases.Methods:Laboratory testing for multiple respiratory pathogens was conducted on 6 090 specimens collected from ILI and SARI cases in Guangdong Province from August to December 2023. Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in positive rates. Results:The overall positive rate of respiratory pathogens was 49.5% (3 016/6 090). The positive rate was 54.5% (2 260/4 145) in ILI cases and 38.9% (756/1 945) in SARI cases. The overall positive rate was higher in ILI cases than in SARI cases across all genders and age groups, and in most cities of the province, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the overall positive rate between different genders. However, the difference between different age groups was statistically significant( P<0.001), with the highest rate identified in children aged 5-14 years (57.2%, 957/1 673). The main pathogens detected in ILI cases were influenza virus, human rhinovirus/enterovirus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, while in SARI cases they were Mycoplasma pneumoniae, human rhinovirus/enterovirus, and influenza virus. The positive rates of adenovirus, human parainfluenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, human coronavirus, influenza virus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were significantly higher in ILI cases than in SARI cases, while the positive rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae was significantly higher in SARI cases ( P<0.05). Moreover, ILI cases were characterized by a higher risk of coinfection compared with SARI cases, especially in males or those aged 25-59 years. Conclusions:There are differences in the detection rates and spectrum of respiratory pathogens between ILI and SARI cases in Guangdong Province. Case features should be considered when developing strategies for preventing and treating respiratory infections.

Objective:To explore the effective active components of Qi Bi Anshen decoction(QAT)in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder(ASD)and its effects on ASD behaviors and related lipid metabolism abnormalities.Methods:24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:Control group,PPA group and PPA+QAT group.The ASD rat model was established by intracerebroventricular injection of propionic acid,and the QAT administration group was given intragastric administration for 7 days.Behavioral tests were conducted to detect the so-cial,repetitive stereotyped and anxiety-like behaviors of rats.UPLC-MS was used to analyze the differential metabolites and enriched pathways of rats.Network pharmacology was used to screen the effective active monomer components of QAT involved in regulating ASD.10 sexually mature C57BL/6J mice were randomly paired in male-female cages.The ASD mouse model was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of sodium valproate to pregnant mice.The preg-nant mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:Control group,VPA group and VPA+QUE group.The administration group was given QUE in the drinking water of pregnant mice until the end of the perinatal period.Behavioral tests were conducted to detect ASD-like behaviors in mice.Reagent kits were used to detect the contents of alkaline phosphatase(AKP),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),triglycerides(TG)and total cholesterol(TC)in the liver and serum of mice.Oil red O staining was used to observe the morphology of liver cells.Results:QAT administration could improve the ASD-like behaviors induced by PPA(P＜0.05).UPLC-MS analysis showed that the differential metabolites of each group of rats were mainly enriched in lipid metabolism pathways.Network pharmacol-ogy screening identified QUE as the effective active monomer component.QUE administration could improve the ASD-like behaviors induced by VPA(P＜0.05).QUE administration could reverse the abnormal changes in AKP,TC and TG in the liver induced by VPA(P＜0.05)and reduce lipid droplet deposition in the liver.Conclusion:The active monomer component QUE in QAT has therapeutic effects on ASD behaviors and related liver lipid metabolism abnormali-ties.

Objective:To compare the etiological characteristics between influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in outpatient and emergency departments and those with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in Guangdong Province, hoping to provide scientific evidence for the treatment, prevention, and control of respiratory infectious diseases.Methods:Laboratory testing for multiple respiratory pathogens was conducted on 6 090 specimens collected from ILI and SARI cases in Guangdong Province from August to December 2023. Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in positive rates. Results:The overall positive rate of respiratory pathogens was 49.5% (3 016/6 090). The positive rate was 54.5% (2 260/4 145) in ILI cases and 38.9% (756/1 945) in SARI cases. The overall positive rate was higher in ILI cases than in SARI cases across all genders and age groups, and in most cities of the province, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the overall positive rate between different genders. However, the difference between different age groups was statistically significant( P<0.001), with the highest rate identified in children aged 5-14 years (57.2%, 957/1 673). The main pathogens detected in ILI cases were influenza virus, human rhinovirus/enterovirus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, while in SARI cases they were Mycoplasma pneumoniae, human rhinovirus/enterovirus, and influenza virus. The positive rates of adenovirus, human parainfluenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, human coronavirus, influenza virus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were significantly higher in ILI cases than in SARI cases, while the positive rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae was significantly higher in SARI cases ( P<0.05). Moreover, ILI cases were characterized by a higher risk of coinfection compared with SARI cases, especially in males or those aged 25-59 years. Conclusions:There are differences in the detection rates and spectrum of respiratory pathogens between ILI and SARI cases in Guangdong Province. Case features should be considered when developing strategies for preventing and treating respiratory infections.

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women in the developing countries.The treatment based on surgery,radiotherapy and chemotherapy is often accompanied by intolerable complications.Clinical practice has proved that TCM therapy has a positive effect on the complications related to the treatment of cervical cancer,but there is still a lack of scientific and standardized application reference opinions.Based on Delphi method,our research group constructed and formulated an expert consensus study on the complications related to the treatment of cervical cancer with TCM therapies,so as to provide a reference for clinical treatment of such diseases.

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