Dry eye disease(DED)is a common ocular surface disorder worldwide, primarily characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and frequently associated with meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD), decreased tear film stability, ocular discomfort, and visual impairment. In recent years, factors such as the widespread use of digital devices,the aging population, and environmental changes have contributed to a significant increase in its global prevalence, making it a major public health concern. Red light therapy(RLT), also known as low-level laser therapy(LLLT)or photobiomodulation(PBM), is a non-invasive treatment that utilizes low-energy red or near-infrared light to irradiate tissues. It exerts photobiomodulatory effects to promote cellular repair and functional recovery. This therapy has demonstrated considerable potential in treating various ocular conditions. Its broader clinical application could improve therapeutic outcomes, alleviate patient discomfort and financial burden, and reduce the consumption of healthcare resources, thereby yielding significant socio-economic benefits. This paper systematically reviews the multifaceted mechanisms and application prospects of RLT in managing DED, including its anti-inflammatory effects, improvement of meibomian gland function, promotion of conjunctival goblet cell repair, and alleviation of visual fatigue, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and practical reference for its clinical adoption.

Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) have emerged as a promising modality in precision oncology, enabling targeted delivery of cytotoxic payloads while minimizing off-target toxicity. The integration of covalent warheads, such as those based on sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) chemistry, enhances drug-target residence time and tumor accumulation. However, existing screening methods for covalent peptide (CP) libraries require post-translational warhead conjugation, limiting throughput. Here, we present an integrated mRNA display platform that incorporates covalent warheads during ribosomal synthesis, enabling efficient screening of ultra-diverse covalent macrocyclic peptide libraries (>10¹³ variants). This approach, using site-specific incorporation of N-chloroacetyl-d-phenylalanine and fluorosulfate-l-tyrosine, accelerated the discovery of irreversibly binding (K _i = 3.58 μmol/L) Nectin-4-targeting peptide CP-N1-N₃ via proximity-triggered SuFEx. The peptide was further conjugated to cytotoxic payloads, yielding the covalent PDC CP-N1-MMAE with potent cytotoxicity (IC₅₀ ≈ 43 nmol/L) against MDA-MB-468 cells. This platform establishes a new paradigm for precision covalent drug discovery.

A qualitative analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) was performed for the identification of main constituents in Gentiana veitchiorum. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for the quantification of seven major components, including loganic acid (1), swertiamarin (2), gentiopicroside (3), sweroside (4), isoorientin (5), isoscoparin (6), and gentiournoside A (7). A total of 42 compounds, including 31 flavonoids, and 11 Iridoids, were identified based on their retention behaviors, and MS fragment information. Furthermore, regression equations for these seven chemical components were established, with good linear relationships (r2 > 0.9999), and the sample recovery rate was 97.02%-103.08%. This method was successfully applied for simultaneous determination of seven components in 7 batches of G. veitchiorum samples by HPLC-UV method. The method established in this study is simple and reliable, capable of qualitatively and quantitatively analyzing the main chemical components of G. veitchiorum, and is applicable to its quality evaluation.

Objective To explore the relationship between serum chitosinase 3-like protein 1(CHI3L1)and Syndecan-1(SDC1)levels and bone metabolism in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their predictive efficacy on osteoporosis.Methods A total of 412 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to this hospital from May 2019 to May 2023 were included in this study,and were divided into normal bone mass group(n=151),reduced bone mass group(n=138)and osteoporosis group(n=123)according to the iffer-ences in bone mineral density.Serum CHI3L1 and SDC1 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosor-bent assay,and serum levels of type 1 collagen cross-linked carboxyl terminal peptide(CTX),25-hydroxyvita-min D[25-(OH)D],osteocalcin(OC),and type 1 procollagen N-terminal propeptide(P1NP)were deter-mined by automatic chemiluminescence immunoassay.Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between serum CHI3L1,SDC1 and bone metabolism in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.Re-ceiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of serum CHI3L1 and SDC1 on osteoporosis in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors of osteoporosis in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.Results There were significant differences in diabetes course,fasting blood glucose,HbA1c and HDL-C a-mong normal bone mass group,decreased bone mass group and osteoporosis group(P＜0.05).The levels of serum CHI3L1,25-(OH)D,P1NP and osteocalcin in osteoporosis group were lower than those in osteopenia group,and those in osteopenia group were lower than those in normal bone mass group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Serum SDC1 and CTX levels in osteoporosis group were higher than those in osteopenia group,and those in osteopenia group were higher than those in normal bone mass group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Serum CHI3L1 was positively correlated with 25-(OH)D,P1NP and OC(P＜0.05),and negatively correlated with CTX(P＜0.05).Serum SDC1 was negatively correlated with 25-(OH)D,P1NP,OC(P＜0.05),and positively correlated with CTX(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of serum CHI3L1,SDC1 and their combination predicted osteoporosis in elderly pa-tients with type 2 diabetes were 0.851,0.772 and 0.904,respectively.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that long duration of diabetes,increased HbA1c,high expression of OC,CHI3L1＞4.16 ng/mL,SDC1≥50.94 ng/mL were all influential factors for osteoporosis in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes(P＜0.05).Conclusion Low expression of CHI3L1 and high expression of SDC1 in serum are associated with ab-normal bone metabolism in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.These two indexes are expected to be used as biological markers to predict osteoporosis in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective To observe the effects of Shengxue Tongbian Granules on colonic myoelectricity and Ca2+/CaM/MLCK signaling pathway in rats with slow transit constipation(STC)of blood deficiency and intestinal dryness syndrome;To explore its mechanism for the treatment of STC.Methods The STC model of blood deficiency and intestinal dryness syndrome was established by intragastric administration of loperamide combined with tail bloodletting.The rats were divided into control group,model group,mosapride citrate group and Shengxue Tongbian Granules group,with 8 rats in each group.The administration group was given corresponding drugs by gavage for 14 days.The general condition of rats before and after treatment was observed,the fecal water content was detected,the slow wave frequency,amplitude,and coefficient of variation of colonic electromyography were detected using a biological function experimental system,and intestinal propulsion rate was detected.HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of colon tissue,the concentration of Ca2+ in colonic smooth muscle cells was detected by colorimetry,the expression of Cx43,calmodulin(CaM),myosin light chain kinase(MLCK)and p-MLC20 in smooth muscle tissue were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the control group,the body mass,fecal water content and intestinal propulsion rate of rats in the model group decreased(P<0.01),the slow wave frequency of colonic electromyography slowed down,the coefficient of variation of frequency increased(P<0.01),and the amplitude and coefficient of variation of slow wave increased(P<0.01);colonic mucosal structure was damaged,with visible inflammatory changes and significant erosion,and the concentration of Ca2+ and the expressions of Cx43,CaM,MLCK,p-MLC20 proteins in colonic smooth muscle cells were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the body mass,fecal water content and intestinal propulsion rate of the rats in the mosapride citrate group and the Shengxue Tongbian Granules group significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),the slow wave frequency of colonic electromyography increased and the coefficient of variation of frequency decreased(P<0.01),and the slow wave amplitude and amplitude variation coefficient decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01);the colonic mucosal structure was relatively intact,the erosion situation was improved,and the Ca2+ concentration,Cx43,CaM,MLCK and p-MLC20 protein expressions in colonic smooth muscle cells significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion Shengxue Tongbian Granules can improve defecation symptoms and promote colonic motility in STC rats with blood deficiency and intestinal dryness syndrome,which may be related to regulating colonic myoelectric rhythm and activating Ca2+/CaM/MLCK signaling pathway.

In order to develop a positive quality control products for the detection of porcine repro-ductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)nucleic acid by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR),the positive quality control products of PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 M genes were prepared using armored RNA technology of MS2 phage.PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 M genes were amplified,purified and recovered,and ligated into pET28b vector containing MS2 mature enzyme protein gene and capsid protein.After transformed into BL21(DE3),the gene products were in-duced by IPTG and purified by PEG6000 precipitation method to prepare the armored RNA virus-like particles(AR-PRRSV)containing PRRSV M gene.Following the performance evaluation,as the positive quality control products of PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 M genes,AR-PRRSV1M and AR-PRRSV2M were calculated using YY/T 1652-2019 standard.Results showed that it had a good u-niformity,stable storage for the armored virus-like particles at-20,4,25 ℃ for 60 d,and 37 ℃ for 30 d.The prepared armored virus-like particles AR-PRRSV1M and AR-PRRSV2M were deter-mined by digital quantitative PCR(ddPCR)after preliminary quantification by RT-qPCR.The 104 copies/μL of AR-PRRSV1M and AR-PRRSV2M ddPCR fixation was(1.33+0.50)× 104 cop-ies/μL.The above results indicates that the AR-PRRSVM can be used as the quality control of the whole detection process(nucleic acid extraction,reverse transcription and RT-qPCR).

【Objective】 To analyze the disease burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in China, Japan and South Korea from 1990 to 2019, so as to provide scientific basis for rational allocation of health resources. 【Methods】 Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability(YLD)were used to analyze the burden, and the average annual percent change and annual percent change were calculated. 【Results】 The incidence, prevalence and YLD rate in China were much higher than those in Japan and South Korea. The crude incidence in China, Japan and South Korea increased by 2.56%, 1.49% and 3.59% per year from 1990 to 2019, the crude prevalence rate increased by 2.70%, 2.34% and 4.03%, and the crude YLD rate increased by 2.68%, 2.33% and 4.04%. After age standardization, the disease burden in China decreased with time, but the trend was not significant, and the standardized rate in Japan and Korea increased significantly with time. The disease burden of BPH increased with age, and those aged 60 to 84 years had the highest burden. In addition, the disease burden increased with the increase of socio-demographic index (SDI) in all three countries. 【Conclusion】 The disease burden of BPH was very heavy in China, Japan and South Korea, especially in China. Males aged 60 to 84 years were the high-risk group. Targeted intervention should be adopted for these population.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of local injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) combined with double-layer artificial dermis in treating wounds with exposed tendon on extremity.Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted. From December 2017 to October 2022, 16 patients were admitted to Department of Orthopaedic Trauma of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and 32 patients were admitted to Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of Guiyang Steel Factory Staff Hospital. All the patients had wounds with exposed tendon on extremity caused by various reasons and met the inclusion criteria. There were 39 males and 9 females, aged 26 to 58 years. The patients were divided into PRP alone group, artificial dermis alone group, and PRP+artificial dermis group, with 16 patients in each group. The wounds were treated with autologous PRP, double-layer artificial dermis, or thei combination of autologous PRP and double-layer artificial dermis, followed by autologous split-thickness scalp grafting after good growth of granulation tissue. On the 7 th day after the secondary surgery, the autograft survival was observed, and the survival rate was calculated. The wound healing time and length of hospital stay of patients were recorded. At 3 and 6 months after wound healing, the Vancouver scar scale (VSS) was used to score the pigmentation, height, vascularity, and pliability of scars, and the total score was calculated. Adverse reactions during the entire treatment process were recorded. Data were statistically analyzed with chi-square test, Fisher's exact probability test, one-way analysis of variance, least significant difference test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Nemenyi test, and Bonferroni correction. Results:On the 7 th day after the secondary surgery, there was no statistically significant difference in the autograft survival rate of patients among PRP alone group, artificial dermis alone group, and PRP+artificial dermis group ( P>0.05). The wound healing time and length of hospital stay of patients in PRP+artificial dermis group were (20.1±3.0) and (24±4) d, respectively, which were significantly shorter than (24.4±5.5) and (30±8) d in PRP alone group ( P<0.05) and (24.8±4.9) and (32±8) d in artificial dermis alone group ( P<0.05). At 3 and 6 months after wound healing, the pliability scores of patients in PRP+artificial dermis group were significantly lower than those in PRP alone group (with Z values of 12.91 and 15.69, respectively, P<0.05) and artificial dermis alone group (with Z values of 12.50 and 12.91, respectively, P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in pigmentation, vascularity, height scores, and total score of scar of patients among the three groups ( P>0.05). In artificial dermis alone group, one patient experienced partial liquefaction and detachment of the double-layer artificial dermis due to local infection of Staphylococcusepidermidis, which received wound dressing change, second artificial dermis transplantation, and subsequent treatment as before. No adverse reactions occurred in the remaining patients during the whole treatment process. Conclusions:Local injection of PRP combined with double-layer artificial dermis is effective in treating wounds with exposed tendon on extremity, which can not only significantly shorten wound healing time and length of hospital stay, but also improve scar pliability after wound healing to some extent in the long term. It is a clinically valuable treatment technique that is worth promoting and applying.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated CEP55 gene silencing on the proliferation of mouse spermatogonia. METHODS: Six patients with azoospermia diagnosed to have maturation arrest (3 cases) or normal spermatogenesis (3 cases) based on testicular biopsy between January 1 and December 31, 2017 in our center were examined for differential proteins in the testicular tissue using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), and CEP55 was found to differentially expressed between the two groups of patients. We constructed a CEP55 siRNA for transfection in mouse spermatogonia and examined the inhibitory effects on CEP55 expressions using Western blotting and qPCR. The effect of CEP55 gene silencing on the proliferation of mouse spermatogonia was evaluated with CCK8 assay. RESULTS: In the testicular tissues from the 6 patients with azoospermia, iTRAQ combined with LC/MS/MS analysis identified over two hundred differentially expressed proteins, among which CEP55 showed the most significant differential expression between the patients with maturation arrest and those with normal spermatogenesis. The cell transfection experiment showed that compared with the cells transfected with the vehicle or the negative control sequence, the mouse spermatogonia transfected with CEP55 siRNA showed significantly lowered expressions of CEP55 mRNA and protein ( < 0.05) and significantly decreased proliferation rate as shown by CCK8 assay ( < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CEP55 may play a key role in spermatogenesis and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for non-obstructive azoospermia with maturation arrest.
Animals ; Azoospermia ; congenital ; genetics ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; genetics ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatogonia ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Transfection

Objective To evaluate the development of cerebral sulci and gyrus in fetuses with conotruncal defect(CTD) at the second and third trimester by ultrasound,and to improve clinician′s understanding of the cerebral cortical development in fetuses with CTD.Methods The study was conducted at Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medicial University from December 2015 to January 2017,enrolled 180 women with single fetus,among whom 60 fetuses with CTD and gestational age between 20 weeks to 33+6 weeks were diagnosed by echocardiographic examination.CTD included persistent truncus arteriosous,tetralogy of fallot,transpofition of the great arteries and double outlet of right ventricle.Evaluation indexes of cerebral sulci and gyrus included depth and angle of parietooccipital sulcus,width and depth of sylvian fissure,uncovered width of insular,uncovered insular ratio,depth of calcarine sulcus,head circumference;evaluation indexes of hemodynamics included umbilical artery resistance index,umbilical artery pulsation index,middle cerebral artery resistance index,middle cerebral artery pulsation index,the cerebral-to-placental resistance ratio and the cerebroplacental pulsation ratio.Above indexes were measured for statistical analysis.Results At the whole gestational age in the study,depth of parietooccipital sulcus and width of sylvian fissure in CTD fetuses were smaller than those in the control group,uncovered insular ratio was larger than that in the normal group(P<0.05);middle cerebral artery resistance index,middle cerebral artery pulsation index and the cerebroplacental pulsation ratio in CTD fetuses were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05).Conclusions The change of hemodynamics in fetuses with CTD may be one of the reasons that fetuses with CTD have cerebral cortical hypoevolutism.