ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and age/sex, to further analyze the appropriate cutoff age for detecting fasting hyperglycemia (FHG), and to provide a reference for blood glucose screening and health management. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a total of 50 607 examinees from the Health Management Center of a Shanghai-based Medical Consortium in 2023 were included. The age and sex distributions of FPG levels and the detection rate of FHG (FPG≥6.1 mmol·L⁻¹) were analyzed. A non-parametric method was used to plot the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of age for predicting hyperglycemia. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) reflected the predictive value of age for FHG, and the appropriate cutoff age for hyperglycemia detection was determined by the maximum Youden index. ResultsThe median and the 25th and 75th percentiles of FPG in the study population was 5.00 (4.68, 5.41) mmol·L⁻¹, with levels systematically higher in males [5.06 (4.73, 5.53) mmol·L⁻¹] than in females [4.93 (4.64, 5.28) mmol·L⁻¹]. Both FPG levels and the abnormal detection rate increased non-linearly with age, plateauing approximately at 80 years of age. ROC curve analyses showed that age had good discriminatory value for hyperglycemia status (AUC=0.778 for the total population), with the appropriate predictive age threshold being 48 years old (48 years old for males, 49 years old for females). ConclusionThe present study found that both FPG levels and the risk of abnormal glucose regulation were increased at 48‒49 years old among the hospital-based physical examination population, with risk remaining consistently higher in males than in females. The appropriate cutoff age for FPG was 48 years old. Specifically, the period of 45‒50 years of age should be set as an intensified screening phase for blood glucose screening, with particular emphasis on earlier intervention for males. Furthermore, glycemic management targets for the elderly population require individualized consideration.

Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) commonly experience difficulties with handwriting.However, there is currently no standardized tool for assessing dysgraphia in this population.Therefore, this paper provides a review of the commonly used handwriting assessment tools both domestically and internationally, as well as their application in individuals with DCD.The aim is to offer a reference to clinical professionals involved in the diagnosis and treatment of DCD in selecting appropriate tools for assessing handwriting difficulties in children.

Objective To assess the anti-skin photoaging properties of total flavonoids(TFT)extracted from the Chinese herb tulip,a preliminary analysis of its mechanism in combating skin photoaging were conducted.Methods UVB-induced photoaging mouse model was used to assess the anti-skin photoaging effects of TFT.A network pharmacology approach was used to conduct a preliminary analysis of TFT's mechanism of action against skin photoaging.Furthermore,molecular simulation was employed to predict the interactions between the active ingredients and target proteins.Results Treatment with TFT effectively improved skin condition in UVB-induced photoaging mice.The mechanism of action of TFT against skin photoaging likely involved the regulation of transcription factors such as NF-κB and AP-1,modulation of SASPs transcription,and inhibition of MMPs activity.Conclusion TFT is an effective anti-skin photoaging ingredient that deserves further research and development.

Objective:To identify the change trajectory of intrinsic capacity in people aged ≥50 years in Shanghai and explore the impact of intrinsic capacity trajectory change on overall function and dalily life activities in this population.Methods:The longitudinal data from round 1 to 3 Study of Global Ageing and Adult Health in Shanghai were used. The total intrinsic ability scores from five dimensions of cognition, psychology, sensory, vitality and locomotion were calculated. The censored normal model of group-based trajectory was used to identify the trajectory of intrinsic capacity change over time. Linear regression model and multivariate logistic regression model were used to analyse the effects of different levels intrinsic capacity trajectory on the scores of the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS), the activity of daily living (ADL) and the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL).Results:A total of 2 302 study participants aged ≥50 years with 3 round complete data were included in this study, and 3 levels of intrinsic capacity trajectory were identified, low-level trajectory (9.3%), medium-level trajectory (41.7%), and high-level trajectory (49.0%). Compared with the high-level group, the medium-level and low-level groups had higher WHODAS scores, which increased by 3.578 (95% CI: 2.028-5.129) and 12.620 (95% CI: 9.951-15.289), respectively, and those with more severe disability and those in the low-level group were at higher risk for severe difficulty in ADLs ( OR=12.450, 95% CI: 4.310-35.966) and IADLs ( OR=5.479, 95% CI: 1.311-22.904). Conclusions:Heterogeneity in trajectory of intrinsic capacity exists in people aged ≥50 years in Shanghai. Middle-aged and elderly people with low initial level and rapid decline trajectory of intrinsic capacity are at greater risk for the decline of daily life ability and the increase of disability. It is necessary to strengthen the long-term dynamic monitoring and evaluation of the change trajectory of intrinsic capacity in this population.

Objective:To identify the change trajectory of intrinsic capacity in people aged ≥50 years in Shanghai and explore the impact of intrinsic capacity trajectory change on overall function and dalily life activities in this population.Methods:The longitudinal data from round 1 to 3 Study of Global Ageing and Adult Health in Shanghai were used. The total intrinsic ability scores from five dimensions of cognition, psychology, sensory, vitality and locomotion were calculated. The censored normal model of group-based trajectory was used to identify the trajectory of intrinsic capacity change over time. Linear regression model and multivariate logistic regression model were used to analyse the effects of different levels intrinsic capacity trajectory on the scores of the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS), the activity of daily living (ADL) and the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL).Results:A total of 2 302 study participants aged ≥50 years with 3 round complete data were included in this study, and 3 levels of intrinsic capacity trajectory were identified, low-level trajectory (9.3%), medium-level trajectory (41.7%), and high-level trajectory (49.0%). Compared with the high-level group, the medium-level and low-level groups had higher WHODAS scores, which increased by 3.578 (95% CI: 2.028-5.129) and 12.620 (95% CI: 9.951-15.289), respectively, and those with more severe disability and those in the low-level group were at higher risk for severe difficulty in ADLs ( OR=12.450, 95% CI: 4.310-35.966) and IADLs ( OR=5.479, 95% CI: 1.311-22.904). Conclusions:Heterogeneity in trajectory of intrinsic capacity exists in people aged ≥50 years in Shanghai. Middle-aged and elderly people with low initial level and rapid decline trajectory of intrinsic capacity are at greater risk for the decline of daily life ability and the increase of disability. It is necessary to strengthen the long-term dynamic monitoring and evaluation of the change trajectory of intrinsic capacity in this population.

Objective To assess the anti-skin photoaging properties of total flavonoids(TFT)extracted from the Chinese herb tulip,a preliminary analysis of its mechanism in combating skin photoaging were conducted.Methods UVB-induced photoaging mouse model was used to assess the anti-skin photoaging effects of TFT.A network pharmacology approach was used to conduct a preliminary analysis of TFT's mechanism of action against skin photoaging.Furthermore,molecular simulation was employed to predict the interactions between the active ingredients and target proteins.Results Treatment with TFT effectively improved skin condition in UVB-induced photoaging mice.The mechanism of action of TFT against skin photoaging likely involved the regulation of transcription factors such as NF-κB and AP-1,modulation of SASPs transcription,and inhibition of MMPs activity.Conclusion TFT is an effective anti-skin photoaging ingredient that deserves further research and development.

Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) commonly experience difficulties with handwriting.However, there is currently no standardized tool for assessing dysgraphia in this population.Therefore, this paper provides a review of the commonly used handwriting assessment tools both domestically and internationally, as well as their application in individuals with DCD.The aim is to offer a reference to clinical professionals involved in the diagnosis and treatment of DCD in selecting appropriate tools for assessing handwriting difficulties in children.

ObjectiveTo understand the visual environment sanitation in primary and secondary school classrooms in Minhang District， Shanghai， and to investigate the factors affecting the decline in students’ visual acuity. MethodsIn 2020， among all the primary and secondary schools in Minhang District， according to different types of classroom structures， levels， orientations， unilateral lighting， and bilateral lighting， a total of 20 231 students from 674 classrooms in primary and secondary schools were selected through stratified cluster sampling. Each monitored classroom was regarded as a research unit， and the naked eye vision of students was tested using a standard logarithmic vision chart during the 2020 and 2021 academic years. The change in average visual acuity between the two measurements was taken as the dependent variable， and the visual environment indices were considered as independent variables. The relationship between classroom visual environment indices and the decline in students’ naked eye vision was analyzed. ResultsThe qualification rates for per capita classroom area， window to floor area ratio， average illuminance of the blackboard， uniformity of blackboard illuminance， average illuminance of the desks， uniformity of desk illuminance， lighting coefficient of classroom， blackboard reflection ratio， back wall reflection ratio， and distance between lamps and desks were 79.53%， 88.58%， 46.74%， 70.33%，64.69%， 80.86%， 71.81%， 20.30%， 1.63%， and 97.53%， respectively. The average naked eye vision of primary and secondary school students in the 2020 academic year was 4.75±0.37 （right eye） and 4.76±0.37 （left eye）， while in the 2021 academic year， it was 4.70±0.39 （right eye） and 4.71±0.38 （left eye）. There was a significant decrease in the naked eye vision of primary and secondary school students in the 2021 academic year compared to that of 2020 （P<0.05）. Univariate linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between grade， average illuminance of the blackboard， average illuminance of the desks， uniformity of desk illuminance， lighting coefficient， and distance between lamps and desks， and the decline of students’ naked eye vision within one academic year （P<0.05）. After adjusting for grade， multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between the average illuminance of the blackboard， uniformity of desk illuminance， lighting coefficient， and distance between lamps and desks， and the decline of students’ naked eye vision within one academic year （P<0.05）. Higher average illuminance of the blackboard， uniformity of desk illuminance， lighting coefficient， and distance between lamps and desks were protective factors for naked eye vision. ConclusionThe visual environment of primary and secondary school classrooms in Minhang District is a matter of concern. Average illuminance of the blackboard， uniformity of desk illuminance， lighting coefficient， and distance between lamps and desks are related to the degree of visual impairment in students over a year.

ObjectiveTo investigate the general situation of defect of vertebral column among primary and middle school students in Minhang District of Shanghai and analyze the related factors， to provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment. MethodsFrom September to October 2022， a total of 5 715 students were selected from two primary schools， two middle schools， and two high schools in Minhang District for physical examinations and screening for defect of vertebral column. ResultsTotally 219 students had defect of vertebral column， accounting for 3.83% of the sampled population. Anteroposterior spinal abnormalities were found in 4 individuals， accounting for 0.07%， and 218 students had scoliosis， accounting for 3.81%. The detection rate of defect of vertebral column was higher in girls （6.27%） than that in boys （1.51%）， and higher in high school students （10.74%） than in primary school students （1.31%） and middle school students （10.97%）. Students who are mildly underweight （5.95%） and who are moderately to severely underweight （7.46%） had a higher detection rate of defect of vertebral column than those with normal weight （4.54%）， overweight （2.83%）， and obesity （1.60%）. The detection rate among students with poor vision （4.32%） was significantly higher than those with normal vision （2.24%）， with all differences statistically significant （all P<0.05）. ConclusionThe positive rate of defect of vertebral column in primary and middle school students in Minhang District， Shanghai is nearly 4%， with most cases being scoliosis. Factors such as being female， increasing age， being underweight， and poor vision are associated with a higher probability of detecting defect of vertebral column.

Objective:Retinal vein occlusion(RVO)is the second most common retinal vascular disease worldwide,and the retinal perfusion status is closely related to the prognosis of the disease.Macular perfusion status is particularly correlated with visual acuity.This study aims to investigate the changes in macular perfusion indicators in RVO using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)and analyze the correlation between macular perfusion status and visual acuity. Methods:This cross-sectional study included 41 RVO patients,who were divided into 2 groups based on the occlusion site:18 cases in the central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO)group and 23 cases in the branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO)group.Additionally,they were categorized into ischemic RVO(23 cases)and non-ischemic RVO(16 cases)groups based on the presence of ischemia(2 eyes were excluded due to hemorrhage obscuring the peripheral retina,making it impossible to confirm the area of non-perfusion).A control group of 29 healthy individuals matched by sex and age was also recruited.Macular perfusion indicators were measured using OCTA,and the correlation between macular perfusion status and visual acuity was analyzed. Results:Compared with healthy eyes,RVO eyes showed an increased foveal avascular zone(FAZ)area and significantly reduced superficial and deep vessel density(P＜0.001).However,there were no significant differences in central foveal thickness(CFT)or macular perfusion indicators between the CRVO and BRVO groups(P＞0.05).The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)at the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution(logMAR BCVA)was significantly negatively correlated with both superficial and deep retinal vessel density in RVO eyes(unstandardized coefficient B=-0.039,B=-0.042;P=0.017,P=0.040).The average BCVA in the ischemic RVO group was significantly worse than that in the non-ischemic RVO group(0.82±0.44 vs 0.45±0.29,P=0.007).The ischemic RVO group also had a larger FAZ area(P=0.003)and lower superficial and deep retinal vessel density(P＜0.001,P=0.008,respectively)compared with the non-ischemic RVO group.The severity of macular ischemia did not correspond directly with the peripheral ischemia severity in RVO. Conclusion:Macular perfusion status is significantly reduced in RVO eyes compared to healthy eyes,which negatively impacts and limits visual acuity in RVO patients.Eyes with ischemic RVO have poorer visual acuity and macular perfusion status than those with non-ischemic RVO.OCTA is advantageous for observing vascular morphology and quantifying macular perfusion status,making it an effective tool for assessing disease progression.