Objective To predict the causal relationship between immune cells and osteomyelitis(OM)by using Mendelian randomization.Methods Data sets of 731 immune cells and osteomyelitis were obtained from the UK Biobank and the genome wide association study.The inverse variance weighted method,weighted median method,and MR-Egger method were employed sequentially to verify the causal relationship between the 731 immune cells and osteomyelitis.Cochran's Q test,MR-Egger intercept test,mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier(MR-PRESSO),and leave-one-out analysis were evaluatede the stability and reliability of the results.Results A total of 21 immune cells were found to have a causal relationship with osteomyelitis(P＜0.05).Among them,T regulatory cells,classical dendritic cells and B cells were exhibited more stable causal relationships with osteomyelitis(P＜0.01).Specifically,T regulatory cells(OR=0.925,β=0.078)were identified as protective factors reducing the risk of osteomyelitis,while classical dendritic cells(OR=1.084,β=0.081)and B cells(OR=1.063,β=0.061)were identified as risk factors increasing the risk of osteomyelitis.Conclusion Twenty-one immune cells are genetically associated with the risk of osteomyelitis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1)and bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2)in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps(CRSwNP).METHODS A cohort of 44 CRSwNP patients and 32 control subjects was included in the study.The expression levels of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 proteins in the peripheral blood and nasal polyp tissues of CRSwNP patients were measured.The correlations with Lund-Mackay scores and global osteitis scoring scale(GOSS)scores were analyzed.RESULTS Compared to the control group,the peripheral blood level of TGF-β1 protein in CRSwNP patients was significantly reduced(t=2.650,P=0.009),while the expression difference of BMP-2 was not statistically significant.In the nasal polyp tissues,both TGF-β1(t=13.180,P<0.001)and BMP-2(t=8.699,P<0.001)protein expressions were decreased.TGF-β1 was most abundantly expressed in the glandular epithelium of the polyps,whereas BMP-2 showed higher expression in the mucosal epithelium.CONCLUSION The expression of TGF-β1 is downregulated in CRSwNP patients;an increase in BMP-2 may assist in the identification of refractory CRSwNP cases.

Objective:To explore the repairing effects of 3D-printed nano-β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds loaded with vancomycin and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) for seawater -soaked tibial bone defects in rabbits. Methods:A total of 27 male New Zealand White rabbits were assigned to the normal group using a random number table method, with each group consisting of 9 rabbits. The rabbit tibial bone defect model was created using the osteotomy surgical method. Eight hours after operation, the wounds in the control group and seawater group were immersed in seawater for 2 hours, and those in the normal group were not immersed. After an observation period of 5-7 days, no significant redness or purulent discharge was observed in the wound appearance, then debridement was performed followed by corresponding implantations: the control group with gelatin sponges loaded with vancomycin and BMP-2, and the other two groups with 3D-printed nano-β-TCP scaffolds loaded with vancomycin and BMP-2. After filling the bone defects with the respective materials, all groups underwent layer-by-layer suturing of the wound, followed by disinfection with iodine and injection of gentamicin to prevent infection. The affected limbs were then immobilized using a plaster cast. The affected limbs were imaged using anteroposterior X-ray at 4, 8 and 16 weeks after operation, and the repair effects were evaluated using the Lane-Sandhu X-ray scoring system. At 16 weeks after operation, the bone defect tissues were collected for HE staining to observe bone tissue growth.Results:At 4 weeks after operation, the Lane-Sandhu X-ray score in the control group was significantly lower than that in the normal group [(2.8±1.1)points vs. (1.1±0.9)points] ( P<0.05), and that in the seawater group [(2.2±1.0)points] was not significantly different from those in the other two groups (all P>0.05). At 8 weeks after operation, the seawater group [(6.1±0.9)points] and the control group [(2.8±1.0)points] exhibited lower Lane-Sandhu X-ray score compared to the normal group [(8.2±1.0)points] (all P<0.05), and the seawater group showed a higher score compared to the control group ( P<0.05). At 16 weeks after operation, the control group [(3.8±1.0)points] exhibited a lower Lane-Sandhu X-ray score compared to the normal group [(10.0±1.3)points] and the seawater group [(9.3±1.2)points] (all P<0.05), while no significant difference was noted between the latter two ( P>0.05). At 16 weeks after operation, histological observations revealed varying degrees of bone tissue formation in three groups, with the normal group showing the best bone defect repair effect, followed by the seawater group. Conclusion:The 3D-printed nano-β-TCP scaffolds loaded with vancomycin and BMP-2 are effective for the treatment of seawater -soaked bone defects, which can promote bone tissue repair.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and correlates of depression in residents aged 15 and older in Hainan province.Methods Stratified multistage random sampling methods were utilized to identify 12 117 individuals (≥15 years old) from 59 villages (neighborhoods) in 24 towns (streets) within 6 counties (cities) in Hainan Province from September 2010 to November 2011.The subjects were screened with an expanded version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the respondents were divided into three groups by high risk,moderate risk and low risk of mental disorder,followed by formal diagnosis according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR (SCID-I/P) by psychiatrists among 100％ subjects in group with high risk,40％ subjects in group with moderate risk and 10％ subjects in group with low risk.The adjusted rate,standardized rate,and 95％ confidence interval (95％CI) of the one-month and lifetime prevalence were also calculated among the 3 groups of individuals who were diagnosed with depressive disorder.The difference in whether they suffered depression was determined by the chi-squared test.Correlations to depressive disorder and the odds ratio (OR) were explored with multiple regression analysis.Results There were 97 cases of depressive disorders (1-month) and 166 cases of lifetime depressive disorders finally confirmed.The adjusted rate of 1-month prevalence was 1.38％ (95％CI:1.12-1.59) and the life-time adjusted prevalence rate was 2.80％ (95％CI:2.51-3.09).Female (OR=1.55,95％CI:1.12-2.14),mid-age(50-64 y,OR=1.84,95％CI:1.13-2.99),being divorced or living separated (OR=4.87,95％CI:1.86-12.73),suffering chronic diseases (OR=2.19,95％CI:1.56-3.07),and low family income were significantly associated with suffering depressive disorder.Conclusions The prevalence of the depressive disorder among residents aged 15 and older in Hainan province is lower than the nationwide prevalence.People who are female,mid-age,being divorced or not living with the partner,earning a low income,and suffering chronic diseases have more predisposition to develop the depressive disorder in Hainan province.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and correlates of depression in residents aged 15 and older in Hainan province.Methods Stratified multistage random sampling methods were utilized to identify 12 117 individuals (≥15 years old) from 59 villages (neighborhoods) in 24 towns (streets) within 6 counties (cities) in Hainan Province from September 2010 to November 2011.The subjects were screened with an expanded version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the respondents were divided into three groups by high risk,moderate risk and low risk of mental disorder,followed by formal diagnosis according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR (SCID-I/P) by psychiatrists among 100％ subjects in group with high risk,40％ subjects in group with moderate risk and 10％ subjects in group with low risk.The adjusted rate,standardized rate,and 95％ confidence interval (95％CI) of the one-month and lifetime prevalence were also calculated among the 3 groups of individuals who were diagnosed with depressive disorder.The difference in whether they suffered depression was determined by the chi-squared test.Correlations to depressive disorder and the odds ratio (OR) were explored with multiple regression analysis.Results There were 97 cases of depressive disorders (1-month) and 166 cases of lifetime depressive disorders finally confirmed.The adjusted rate of 1-month prevalence was 1.38％ (95％CI:1.12-1.59) and the life-time adjusted prevalence rate was 2.80％ (95％CI:2.51-3.09).Female (OR=1.55,95％CI:1.12-2.14),mid-age(50-64 y,OR=1.84,95％CI:1.13-2.99),being divorced or living separated (OR=4.87,95％CI:1.86-12.73),suffering chronic diseases (OR=2.19,95％CI:1.56-3.07),and low family income were significantly associated with suffering depressive disorder.Conclusions The prevalence of the depressive disorder among residents aged 15 and older in Hainan province is lower than the nationwide prevalence.People who are female,mid-age,being divorced or not living with the partner,earning a low income,and suffering chronic diseases have more predisposition to develop the depressive disorder in Hainan province.

Objective:To establish an FPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of fluvoxamine in human plasma. Methods:The separation was performed on an Inertsil? ODS-SP column(2. 1 × 100 mm, 3 μm). The mobile phase was acetonitrile-2 mmol· L-1 ammonium acetate (45: 55, v/v) containing 0. 1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0. 3 ml·min-1 . Lansoprazole was used as the internal standard( IS) . Electrospray ionization ( ESI) source was applied and operated in a positive ion model. Multiple reaction moni-toring (MRM) model with the transitions of fluvoxamine m/z 319. 1→m/z 69. 8 and lansoprazole m/z 370. 2→m/z 252. 1 was used to quantify fluvoxamine and IS, respectively. Results:In human plasma, the standard curve was linear within the range of 1-100 μg· L-1 . The lower limit of quantification of fluvoxamine( LLOQ) was 1μg·L-1 . The intra-day RSD was less than 5%, the inter-day RSD was less than 10%, and the method recovery was 85%-95%. Conclusion:The method is simple, sensitive, accurate and reproduci-ble. It is applicable in the pharmacokinetic study of fluvoxamine for clinical pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence studies.

Objective:To establish an FPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of fluvoxamine in human plasma. Methods:The separation was performed on an Inertsil? ODS-SP column(2. 1 × 100 mm, 3 μm). The mobile phase was acetonitrile-2 mmol· L-1 ammonium acetate (45: 55, v/v) containing 0. 1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0. 3 ml·min-1 . Lansoprazole was used as the internal standard( IS) . Electrospray ionization ( ESI) source was applied and operated in a positive ion model. Multiple reaction moni-toring (MRM) model with the transitions of fluvoxamine m/z 319. 1→m/z 69. 8 and lansoprazole m/z 370. 2→m/z 252. 1 was used to quantify fluvoxamine and IS, respectively. Results:In human plasma, the standard curve was linear within the range of 1-100 μg· L-1 . The lower limit of quantification of fluvoxamine( LLOQ) was 1μg·L-1 . The intra-day RSD was less than 5%, the inter-day RSD was less than 10%, and the method recovery was 85%-95%. Conclusion:The method is simple, sensitive, accurate and reproduci-ble. It is applicable in the pharmacokinetic study of fluvoxamine for clinical pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence studies.

Objective The expression and neuroprotective effect of meteorin in neurons and astrocytes after cerebral infarc-tion have yet to be clarified.This study was to investigate the expression and location of meteorin in the rat model of middle cerebral ar -tery occlusion (MCAO) and its neuroprotective effect against oxygen -glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury in cultured neurons or astrocytes. Methods Forty-two healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of equal number:sham operation and 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 d, and 7 d MCAO.The cortical tissue was harvested for determination of the expression and location of meteorin by Western blot and immunohistochemistry as well as the meteorin expression in the neurons and astrocytes subjected to OGD. The neuroprotective effect of meteorin on the neurons and astrocytes was e-valuated by CCK8 and PI/Hoechst33342 staining. Results Com-pared with the sham operation group, the expression of meteorin was decreased after MCAO and reached the lowest level at 3 days ( P<0.01) , mainly in the neurons and astrocytes.Exogenous meteorin helped the survival of the astrocytes subjected to OGD, with the A value decreased in the groups of OGD ( 0.63 ) , OGD +meteorin
(0.78), and OGD+PBS (0.60) as compared with the sham control ( 1.51) (P<0.01), with no statistically significant differences among the former three groups (P>0.05).Concerning the effect of meteorin intervention on the OGD-induced injury of the astrocytes, the A value was significantly reduced in OGD (1.24 ±0.17), OGD+meteorin (1.51 ±0.30), and OGD+PBS (1.23 ±0.16) in comparison with the sham control (2.43 ±0.12) (P<0.01), lower in the OGD and OGD+PBS groups than in the OGD+meteorin group ( P<0.05) . Conclusion Meteorin is mainly expressed in the neurons and astrocytes after MCAO and it promotes the survival of the astrocytes with OGD-induced injury.

Objective:To investigate the competency of informed consent in new admitted schizophrenia pa-tients.Methods:Fifty-three patients who were consecutively admitted to the hospital and diagnosed as schizophrenia according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems,Tenth Revision (ICD-10)were recruited and assessed in seventy-two hours.The competence of informed consent was assessed by the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool-Treatment (MacCAT-T).The insight was assessed by the Insight and Treatment Attitude Questionnaire.The severity of illness was assessed by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS).Correlations between the competence of informed consent and the factors mentioned above were discussed.Results:Forty-five (84.9%)patients had lower MacCAT-T scores,especially the scores of understand-ing dimension (1.58 ±1.85)and appreciation dimension (2.40 ±1.47).The competence of informed consent was significantly correlated with insight (r =0.73,P <0.01)but not correlated with age,education,duration of illness and BPRS scores.Logistic regression demonstrated that insight (OR =0.69)was a protective factor of competence of informed consent while thought disturbance (OR =1.39)was a risk factor.As to the involuntary admitted pa-tients,34.1% of them had competence of informed consent.Conclusion:The competence of informed consent in new admitted schizophrenia patients is widely impaired especially in understanding and appreciation dimension.The competence of informed consent is correlated with insight and thought disturbance.Voluntary or involuntary hospi-talization does not reflect the level of competence of informed consent.

Objective To establish new classification criteria for early rheumatoid arthritis (E-RA) based on large samples of early inflammatory arthritis patients and to evaluate the value of this criteria in China.Methods Patients who had arthritic complaints with disease duration less than one year were enrolled.They were divided into RA group and non-RA group according to the clinical diagnosis by experienced rheumatologists.The clinical and laboratory parameters were analyzed and those with high sensitivity or specificity were selected as the new classification criteria.Statistical analysis was carried out by using t test,x2 test and Logistic regression.Results ① A total of 803 patients with early inflammatory arthritis were included in this study.Five hundreds and fourteen patients were diagnosed as early RA and 251 were diagnosed as other rheumatic diseases,and the diagnosis of 38 patients remained unestablished by the end of follow-up.② New E-RA classification criteria were established based on the parameters with high sensitivity and/or specificity.The sensitivity of the new E-RA criteria was 84.4％,which was higher than 1987 ACR criteria (58.0％),while the corresponding specificities were similar,which were 87.4％ and 93.6％ respectively.③ Compared with the complex scoring system of 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria,the E-RA criteria was more simple and practical.The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of E-RA criteria were higher than those of 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria reported in the literatures.④ New classification criteria based on scoring system using Logistic regression analysis was established.The sensitivity of this criteria was 86.4％,which was higher than 1987 ACR criteria (58.0％).Conclusion The diagnostic value of the E-RA criteria developed in this study for early RA is better than 1987 ACR criteria,and is more simple than 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria.It may be used as a new classification criteria for early RA diagnosis.