Objective To understand the surveillance situation of poliovirus in Guangzhou from 2011 to 2024, and to further strengthen polio surveillance and ensure the continued maintenance of a polio-free status. Methods An analysis was conducted on the discovery and investigation results of six cases of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) detected in Guangzhou. Results A total of 6 VDPV incidents were reported in Guangzhou from 2011 to June 2024, among which 5 incidents were from sewage sample testing in the Liede Sewage Treatment Plant in Guangzhou, all of which were confirmed as VDPV, with 1 for type I, 1 for type II, and 3 for type III. In addition, one confirmed HFMD case was identified as a type VDPV II carrier. No presence of any wild poliovirus (WPV), VDPV cases, or circulating VDPV (cVDPV) was reported. Conclusion Guangzhou City has maintained a high level of vigilance and effectiveness in the monitoring and prevention of polio. Continuously strengthening the construction of the polio monitoring network, optimizing vaccination strategies, and comprehensively improving public health awareness are still the focus of the prevention and control work in the future.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have provided compelling evidence that exposure to brominated flame retardants (BFRs) can adversely affect human health. We aim to explore the potential impact of BFRs on adiposity and central obesity. METHODS: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) cycles conducted between 2009 and 2014 was used to study the connections between variables. After filtering, we analyzed a sample of 4,110 adults aged 20 years and above. Our goal was to examine the potential association between BFRs and consequences and investigate the part played by oxidative stress and inflammatory markers as intermediaries. To achieve this, we used advanced statistical methods such as weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, quantile-based g-computation (QGC), and the Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). RESULTS: The findings showed that among the examined chemicals, exposure to PBDE85 (weight: 41%), PBDE100 (24%), and PBB153 (23%) may be the dominant contributors to general obesity risk. Upon controlling for all variables that could impact the results, it was found that the QGC outcomes indicated a positive correlation between exposure to mixtures of brominated flame retardants and the occurrence of abdominal obesity (OR = 1.187, 95% CI: 1.056-1.334, p = 0.004). Significant contributions were made by PBDE85 (52%), PBB153 (27%), and PBDE100 (21%). Mediation analysis shows that lymphatic cells (LC) and albumin (ALB) partially mediate the link between brominated flame retardants and obesity. The results of BKMR are generally consistent with those of WQS and QGC. CONCLUSION At a population level, our research has revealed a noteworthy correlation between BFRs and obesity. However, further investigation is required through prospective cohort studies and in-depth mechanistic exploratory studies.
Humans ; Flame Retardants/adverse effects* ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Inflammation/epidemiology* ; Obesity/chemically induced* ; Biomarkers/blood* ; Nutrition Surveys ; Mediation Analysis ; Young Adult ; United States/epidemiology* ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects* ; Aged ; Environmental Pollutants/adverse effects* ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/adverse effects*

Objective To observe the mechanism of action of electroacupuncture at Neiguan(PC6)points for alleviating lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced myocadial dysfunction in sepsis model mice.Methods Forty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups,namely normal control group,saline+electroacupuncture group,sepsis model group,and sepsis+electroacupuncture group.The rats in the sepsis model group and sepsis+electroacupuncture group were given intraperitoneal injection of LPS(5 mg/kg)to induce the sepsis model.The mice were treated with electroacupuncture immediately after injection.At hour 6 after the LPS intervention,the left ventricular short-axis end-systolic diameter(LVIDs)and fractional shortening(FS)of the left ventricular were monitored by color doppler echocardiography.The levels of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)and interleukin 6(IL-6)in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the protein expression levels of Rho-kinase(ROCK)1 and ROCK2,and phosphorylation levels of myosin phosphatase substrate 1(MYPT1)and myosin light chain 2(MLC2)in cardiac tissues were detected by Western Blot.Results Compared with the normal control group,the LVIDs in mice in the sepsis model group was increased(P<0.05),FS was decreased(P<0.05),the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum were all elevated(P<0.001),and the level of phosphorylation of MYPT1,a substrate of ROCK,in cardiac tissues was significantly elevated(P<0.05);compared with the sepsis model group,the LVIDs in the sepsis+electroacupuncture group was decreased(P<0.05),FS was increased(P<0.05),the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the phosphorylation level of MYPT1 was significantly reduced(P<0.05),and the protein expression levels of ROCK1 and ROCK2 as well as the phosphorylation level of MLC2 had no significant differences(P>0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture at Neiguan points may reduce systemic and local inflammatory reaction levels in mice with sepsis model to improve cardiac function through inhibiting the activation of Rho/ROCK signaling pathway in cardiac tissues,thus producing myocardial protection efficacy.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus disease and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of scrub typhus disease. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the population and regional distribution of scrub typhus. Seasonal characteristics were analyzed using concentration method and circular distribution method, and incidence trend was analyzed using joinpoint regression model. Results The annual incidence rate of scrub typhus was 0.95/100 000 from 2010 to 2022. The incidence rate of male was 0.77/100 000, lower than that of female 1.12/100 000 (χ²=18.89, P<0.05). The incidence rate of the 60-74 years old group was 3.38/100,000, and the total number of cases in the age group 45-74 years was 416 (74.95%). Occupational distribution was mainly among farmers, with 448 cases (80.72%). The top three regions with the highest number of reported cases (in order: Donghai County, Ganyu District, and Guannan County) reported a total of 416 cases, accounting for 74.95%. Concentration ratio was M=0.9408, and the incidence of scrub typhus disease was strictly seasonal. Circular distribution results showed a^-=-62.3728, S=20.8960. The circular distribution results indicated that the peak day was October 19th, and the peak period was between October 7 to December 19. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) of the incidence rate from 2010 to 2022 was 13.70%, 95% CI (-8.62%~41.48%), and the incidence rate showed an upward trend (t=1.15, P=0.249). Conclusion The incidence of scrub typhus disease is strictly seasonal, and the incidence rate over the years shows an upward trend. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring and take various intervention measures to reduce the risk of scrub typhus disease.

Objective To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of microRNA-26a(miR-26a)on the syn-thesis of extracellular matrix(ECM)induced by high glucose(HG)in renal tubular epithelial cells(RTECs).Methods A model of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)was constructed by inducing RTECs with HG.MiR-26a was overexpressed in HG-induced RTECs,and RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to assess the effects of miR-26a on ECM synthesis and ferroptosis-related markers in HG-treated RTECs.Ferrostatin(Fer-1)was used to inhibit ferroptosis in the DKD model,and its impact on ECM synthesis was evaluated.RT-qPCR and Western blot were performed to measure ferroptosis-related markers,and fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the intensity of reactive oxygen species(ROS).Results Compared with the control group,the expression of miR-26a decreased in HG-treated cells,while the expression levels of ECM synthesis-related indexes fibronectin and collagen Ⅰ in-creased.After overexpressing miR-26a,the HG+miR-26a group showed a significant increase in miR-26a expres-sion and a decrease in fibronectin and collagen Ⅰ expression compared to the HG group.In terms of ferroptosis,the protein and mRNA expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 significantly decreased,the expression of TFR-1 and AC-SL4 significantly increased,and the fluorescence intensity of ROS was significantly enhanced in the HG group com-pared with the control group.Inhibition of ferroptosis in the HG+Fer-1 group resulted in significant changes in fer-roptosis and ECM synthesis-related indicators expression levels compared to the HG group.Furthermore,re-expres-sion of miR-26a in the HG+miR-26a led to significant changes in ferroptosis-related indicators expression levels and decreased ROS fluorescence intensity compared to the HG group.Conclusions In HG-induced RTECs,miR-26a inhibits the occurrence of ferroptosis,thus reducing ECM synthesis.

Objective:To introduce the method of using anal fistula endoscope to treat chronic sinus tract leakage at rectal anastomosis site.Methods:We used anal fistula endoscopy to treat a patient with chronic sinus tract leakage after radical resection of rectal cancer, mainly including the following 5 steps: (1) establishing a water injection circulation system through the anus; (2) scraping off purulent coating and mucosa on the surface of the sinus tract with the brush; (3) hemostasis and removal of necrotic tissue with electrocoagulation rods; (4) filling the sinus tract with bioprotein gel; (5) compressing the sinus tract with transanal drainage tube.Results:The patient is a 70 year old male with rectal cancer. After undergoing 3D laparoscopic assisted radical resection of rectal cancer via abdominal anterior resection (Dixon's procedure) and diverting ileostomy surgery for more than 3 months, leakage of the rectal anastomosis was found through colonoscopy and anal iodine water contrast imaging .The patient started eating and flowing juice 6 hours after surgery, got out of bed 24 hours after surgery, and was discharged 48 hours after the removal of the anal canal. Three months after surgery, colonoscopy and transanal iodine hydrography showed that the sinus repair was intact. The diverting ileostomy was reduced 4 months after surgery.Conclusion:Anal fistula endoscope is safe and feasible for the treatment of chronic sinus tract anastomotic leakage in selected patients.

Objective:To introduce the method of using anal fistula endoscope to treat chronic sinus tract leakage at rectal anastomosis site.Methods:We used anal fistula endoscopy to treat a patient with chronic sinus tract leakage after radical resection of rectal cancer, mainly including the following 5 steps: (1) establishing a water injection circulation system through the anus; (2) scraping off purulent coating and mucosa on the surface of the sinus tract with the brush; (3) hemostasis and removal of necrotic tissue with electrocoagulation rods; (4) filling the sinus tract with bioprotein gel; (5) compressing the sinus tract with transanal drainage tube.Results:The patient is a 70 year old male with rectal cancer. After undergoing 3D laparoscopic assisted radical resection of rectal cancer via abdominal anterior resection (Dixon's procedure) and diverting ileostomy surgery for more than 3 months, leakage of the rectal anastomosis was found through colonoscopy and anal iodine water contrast imaging .The patient started eating and flowing juice 6 hours after surgery, got out of bed 24 hours after surgery, and was discharged 48 hours after the removal of the anal canal. Three months after surgery, colonoscopy and transanal iodine hydrography showed that the sinus repair was intact. The diverting ileostomy was reduced 4 months after surgery.Conclusion:Anal fistula endoscope is safe and feasible for the treatment of chronic sinus tract anastomotic leakage in selected patients.

One case of COVID-19 infection secondary to pulmonary mucormycosis in a recipient of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation was described. Early identification of the pathogen was achieved by metagenomic next-generation sequencing. On the basis of disease status and liver function changes, targeted treatments included intravenous amphotericin B liposome, amphotericin B nebulization& gargling and subsequently a maintenance therapy of oral posaconazole. This regimen resulted in the absorption of lung infection, stabilization of transplanted pancreas function and reduced levels of creatinine and urea as compared to pre-infection period. The therapeutic efficacy was decent.

Objective:To summarize the distributional characteristics of postoperative occurrence of multi-drug resistant organism (MDRO) infections and their risk factors in simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPK) recipients and examine the impact of MDRO infections on the survival of SPK recipients.Method:From January 2016 to December 2022, the relevant clinical data were retrospectively reviewed for 218 SPK recipients. The source of donor-recipient specimens and the composition percentage of MDRO pathogens were examined. According to whether or not MDRO infection occurred post-transplantation, they were assigned into two groups of MDRO (98 cases) and non-MDRO (120 cases). The clinical data of two groups of donors and recipients were analyzed. And the risk factors for an onset of MDRO infection were examined by binary Logistic regression. The survival rate of two recipient groups was compared by Kaplan-Meier method.Result:A total of 98/218 recipients (45%) developed MDRO infections. And 46 (46.9%) of sputum and 34 (34.7%) of urine were cultured positively and 49 (50%) pathogens expressed extended spectrum beta-lactamase. There were pneumonia (46 cases, 46.9%), urinary tract infections (34 cases, 34.7%), abdominal infections (16 cases, 16.3%) and bloodstream infections (2 cases, 2.0%). Univariate regression analysis revealed that length of renal failure ( P=0.037), length of hospitalization ( P<0.001), length of antibiotic use ( P<0.001), novel antibiotics ( P=0.014), albumin ( P<0.001) and leukocyte count ( P<0.001) were risk factors for an onset of MDRO infections. The results of multifactorial regression indicated that low albumin ( OR=0.855, 95% CI: 0.790~0.925, P<0.001) and leukopenia ( OR=0.656, 95% CI: 0.550~0.783, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for an onset of MDRO infections. The survival rates of recipients in MDRO group at Year 1/3 post-operation were 92.9% (91/98) and 89.8% (88/98). And the survival rate of recipients in non-MDRO group was 96.7% (116/120) at Year 1/3 post-operation. Inter-group difference was not statistically significant in 1-year survival rate of two recipient groups ( P=0.201); statistically significant inter-group difference in 3-year survival rate between two recipient groups ( P=0.041) . Conclusion:Low albumin and leukopenia are risk factors for MDRO infection. Infection with MDRO has some impact on the survival of recipients.

Objective:To explore the changes of gait flexibility and stability in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) 2 years after deep brain stimulation (DBS).Methods:Twenty PD patients accepted DBS in Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital from October 2019 to November 2021 were enrolled. Motor symptoms were evaluated by Movement Disorder Society-unified Parkinson's disease rating scale III (MDS-UPDRS-III) at preoperative medication-off state, postoperative medication-off state, and postoperative medication-on state. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) were used to assess the cognition and 39-item Parkinson's disease questionnaire (PDQ-39) was used to evaluate the quality of life at preoperative medication-on state and postoperative medication-on state. A three-dimensional gait analyzer was used to record the gait parameters during Instrumented Stand and Walk test (ISAW) at preoperative medication-off state, postoperative medication-off state, and postoperative medication-on state. Differences in motor symptom scores, cognitive scores, quality of life scores, as well as changes in gait flexibility and stability were compared before and after DBS.Results:(1) The MDS-UPDRS-Ⅲ scores at preoperative medication-off state, postoperative medication-off state, and postoperative medication-on state ([45.30±12.57], [24.95±10.74], [15.80±7.19]) were decreased successively, with significant differences ( P<0.05).(2) Compared with those before surgery, PD patients had significantly lower levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD), total scores of PDQ-39, and scores of question 9 "degree of concern about falling" in PDQ-39 at 2 years after DBS ([711.84±343.99] mg/d vs. [549.30±301.08] mg/d, 47.00[30.00, 64.00] vs. 13.50[7.75, 27.00], 2.00[0.00, 3.00] vs. 0.00[0.00, 1.75], P<0.05). (3) Compared with that at preoperative medication-off state, the arm swing velocity at postoperative medication-on state statistically increased in PD patients ( P<0.05); compared with those at preoperative medication-off state, the arm swing range and turning speed at postoperative medication-off and medication-on states significantly increased in PD patients ( P<0.05); compared with that at preoperative medication-off state, the turning duration at postoperative medication-off state statistically decreased in PD patients ( P<0.05). Compared with that at preoperative medication-off state, the range of motion of the trunk in the horizontal plane at postoperative medication-off and medication-on states increased significantly in PD patients ( P<0.05); compared with that at preoperative medication-off state, the range of motion in the sagittal plane of the lumbar, coronal plane of the trunk, and sagittal plane of the trunk all increased significantly in PD patients at postoperative medication-on state ( P<0.05); the mean velocity and root mean square acceleration at postoperative medication-on state increased significantly in PD patients compared with that at preoperative medication-off state ( P<0.05); conversely, the swing frequency at postoperative medication-off state decreased significantly in PD patients compared with that at preoperative medication-off state ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Two years after DBS, PD patients exhibit obviously improved gait, with enhanced flexibility, and dynamic and static stability.