Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)are a series of disorders characterized by varying degrees of cognitive and mobility impairment,with increasing incidence in recent years.Currently,the treatment of these diseases is mainly based on drug therapy,and there are no effective methods for reversing the course of the diseases.Corni Fructus has the efficacy of tonifying the liver and kidney,and astringency and arresting,which is effective to various types of NDs.This article summarized the pharmacological effects of Corni Fructus,including anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidative stress,regulation of mitochondrial function,modulation of autophagy,inhibition of neuronal apoptosis,and epigenetic modulation,and sorted out the research progress of Corni Fructus and its active components in the treatment of NDs,such as Alzheimer disease,Parkinson disease,multiple sclerosis,and so on,with a view to providing a reference for further research and clinical application of Corni Fructus in NDs.

At present,malignant tumor diseases occur frequently and increase year by year.Traditional chemoradiotherapy methods are expensive,have serious toxic and side effects,and are easy to reduce patient tolerance.Natural medicines have advantages of multiple targets,high selectivity and low toxicity and side effects in process of anti-tumor,and are one of important sources of anti-tumor drugs.As a polypeptide substance,lactoferrin has a strong anti-tumor effect and plays a huge role in field of nano-drug delivery.Receptors of lactoferrin are widely expressed on surface of various cancer cells.In addition to its strong anti-tumor effect,it is also widely used to modify nanocarriers.In this paper,anti-tumor mechanism of lactoferrin is reviewed,and the latest research progress of using lactoferrin as an anti-cancer drug delivery carrier is also introduced.

Parkinson’s disease （PD） is a common chronic neurodegenerative disease with movement disorders as the main clinical manifestation. The nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） signaling pathway is closely associated with the occurrence and progression of PD. TCM flavonoid monomers （luteolin， rutin， etc.）， alkaloids （camptothecin， sinomenine， and alkaloids extracted from Uncaria rhynchophylla）， terpenes （tanshinone ⅡA， carvacrol， paeoniflorin）， phenols （ellagic acid， rosmarinic acid）， saponins （ginsenoside RK1）， and traditional Chinese medicine compounds （Wuzi yanzong pill and PD formula-2） can resist oxidative stress damage， inhibit inflammatory responses and abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein， and regulate neurotrophic factors by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway， thereby alleviating dopaminergic neuronal damage.

Objective: To comprehensively evaluate the clinical efficacy of a single dose of tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing perioperative blood loss in patients undergoing craniomaxillofacial plastic and cosmetic surgery through meta-regression analysis. Methods: Embase, PubMed, Wanfang Data, VIP database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were electronically retrieved to collect clinical studies evaluating efficacy of perioperative TXA administration in patients undergoing craniomaxillofacial plastic and cosmetic surgery, from inception to August 2024. Quality assessment of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed using Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias Tool. Based on the results of methodological heterogeneity, corresponding meta-analyses were conducted using either random-effects or fixed-effects models in R programming software. Results: Thirty-one articles were included, involving 2 072 patients who underwent craniomaxillofacial plastic and cosmetic surgeries. Among these patients, 1 051 were in the TXA treatment group, and 1 021 were in the control group. The paired meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, the use of TXA significantly reduced bleeding volume in perioperative patients [standardized mean difference (SMD)=-1.13; 95%CI (-1.47, -0.80), P<0.001]. Subgroup analysis revealed that TXA significantly reduced intraoperative bleeding volume in patients across different surgeries, with the order of efficacy as follows: orthognathic surgery [SMD=-1.44; 95%CI (-2.07, -0.80), P<0.001], cleft palate repair [SMD=-1.32; 95%CI (-2.14, -0.50), P<0.001], rhinoplasty [SMD=-0.97; 95%CI (-1.63, -0.30), P<0.001], and craniosynostosis [SMD=-0.96; 95%CI (-1.40, -0.53), P=0.040]. The result of the meta regression showed there was no significant difference in the hemostatic effect of TXA on patients with increasing doses (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 mg/kg) (P=0.650). Sensitivity analysis verified that the pooled values were stable and reliable. The Egger's test indicated a certain degree of publication bias (Z=-3.40, P<0.001). Conclusion: Existing evidence suggests that TXA effectively reduces perioperative blood loss in patients undergoing craniofacial plastic surgery, regardless of its dosage administered.

Objective:To comprehensively evaluate the clinical effectiveness with respect to a single dose of tranexamic acid (TXA) given preoperatively for blood loss control in perioperative patients accepted craniomaxillofacial plastic and cosmetic surgery.Methods:Embase, PubMed, WanFang Data, VIP, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were electronically retrieved to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to appraise the efficacy in perioperative craniomaxillofacial plastic and cosmetic surgery patients used TXA from inception to August 2024. Based on the result of methodological heterogeneity, corresponding paired meta-analyses were carried out with a random-effects or fixed-effects model applying R 4.0.4 software. Subgroup analysis was performed based on type of surgery, patient age, regional distribution of patients, and sample size included in the studies. A meta-regression analysis was performed on studies that reported the effect of different doses of TXA on reducing perioperative bleeding. Sensitivity analysis was performed to verify the stability of the meta result. Egger’s test was used to analyze potential publication bias.Results:A total of 31 RCTs were included, involving 2 072 patients, with 1 051 in the TXA group and 1 021 in the placebo group. The paired meta-analysis random-effects model ( I2=90%) showed that compared with the control group, the use of TXA significantly reduced the amount of bleeding in perioperative patients[standardized mean difference ( SMD)=-1.13, 95% CI -1.47 to -0.80, P < 0.01]. Subgroup analysis revealed that TXA had a significant effect on reducing intraoperative bleeding in patients with different surgeries, ages, regions, and sample sizes. The most effective subgroups were cases in orthognathic surgery ( SMD=-1.44, 95% CI -2.07 to -0.80, P< 0.01), less than 30 year-old( SMD=-1.32, 95% CI -1.68 to -0.96, P< 0.01], Asian patients( SMD=-1.29, 95% CI -1.72 to -0.86, P< 0.01), less than 30 individuals ( SMD=-1.16, 95% CI -1.50 to -0.82, P< 0.01). The result of the meta regression showed there was no significant difference in the hemostatic effect of TXA on patients with increasing doses (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 mg/kg) ( P>0.05). Sensitivity analysis verified that the pooled values were stable and reliable. The Egger’s test indicated a certain degree of publication bias ( P < 0.01). Conclusion:Taken as a whole, existing evidence suggests that TXA can effectively reduce perioperative bleeding in patients undergoing craniofacial plastic surgery, regardless of its dosage administered. However, further clinical researches are still needed to provide more baselined data, transfusion-related indicators, and information on adverse events such as vascular embolism, in order to comprehensively evaluate and analyze the efficacy and safety of a single dose of TXA for perioperative blood loss control in patients treated with craniomaxillofacial plastic and cosmetic surgery.

Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)are a series of disorders characterized by varying degrees of cognitive and mobility impairment,with increasing incidence in recent years.Currently,the treatment of these diseases is mainly based on drug therapy,and there are no effective methods for reversing the course of the diseases.Corni Fructus has the efficacy of tonifying the liver and kidney,and astringency and arresting,which is effective to various types of NDs.This article summarized the pharmacological effects of Corni Fructus,including anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidative stress,regulation of mitochondrial function,modulation of autophagy,inhibition of neuronal apoptosis,and epigenetic modulation,and sorted out the research progress of Corni Fructus and its active components in the treatment of NDs,such as Alzheimer disease,Parkinson disease,multiple sclerosis,and so on,with a view to providing a reference for further research and clinical application of Corni Fructus in NDs.

Objective:To comprehensively evaluate the clinical effectiveness with respect to a single dose of tranexamic acid (TXA) given preoperatively for blood loss control in perioperative patients accepted craniomaxillofacial plastic and cosmetic surgery.Methods:Embase, PubMed, WanFang Data, VIP, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were electronically retrieved to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to appraise the efficacy in perioperative craniomaxillofacial plastic and cosmetic surgery patients used TXA from inception to August 2024. Based on the result of methodological heterogeneity, corresponding paired meta-analyses were carried out with a random-effects or fixed-effects model applying R 4.0.4 software. Subgroup analysis was performed based on type of surgery, patient age, regional distribution of patients, and sample size included in the studies. A meta-regression analysis was performed on studies that reported the effect of different doses of TXA on reducing perioperative bleeding. Sensitivity analysis was performed to verify the stability of the meta result. Egger’s test was used to analyze potential publication bias.Results:A total of 31 RCTs were included, involving 2 072 patients, with 1 051 in the TXA group and 1 021 in the placebo group. The paired meta-analysis random-effects model ( I2=90%) showed that compared with the control group, the use of TXA significantly reduced the amount of bleeding in perioperative patients[standardized mean difference ( SMD)=-1.13, 95% CI -1.47 to -0.80, P < 0.01]. Subgroup analysis revealed that TXA had a significant effect on reducing intraoperative bleeding in patients with different surgeries, ages, regions, and sample sizes. The most effective subgroups were cases in orthognathic surgery ( SMD=-1.44, 95% CI -2.07 to -0.80, P< 0.01), less than 30 year-old( SMD=-1.32, 95% CI -1.68 to -0.96, P< 0.01], Asian patients( SMD=-1.29, 95% CI -1.72 to -0.86, P< 0.01), less than 30 individuals ( SMD=-1.16, 95% CI -1.50 to -0.82, P< 0.01). The result of the meta regression showed there was no significant difference in the hemostatic effect of TXA on patients with increasing doses (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 mg/kg) ( P>0.05). Sensitivity analysis verified that the pooled values were stable and reliable. The Egger’s test indicated a certain degree of publication bias ( P < 0.01). Conclusion:Taken as a whole, existing evidence suggests that TXA can effectively reduce perioperative bleeding in patients undergoing craniofacial plastic surgery, regardless of its dosage administered. However, further clinical researches are still needed to provide more baselined data, transfusion-related indicators, and information on adverse events such as vascular embolism, in order to comprehensively evaluate and analyze the efficacy and safety of a single dose of TXA for perioperative blood loss control in patients treated with craniomaxillofacial plastic and cosmetic surgery.

At present,malignant tumor diseases occur frequently and increase year by year.Traditional chemoradiotherapy methods are expensive,have serious toxic and side effects,and are easy to reduce patient tolerance.Natural medicines have advantages of multiple targets,high selectivity and low toxicity and side effects in process of anti-tumor,and are one of important sources of anti-tumor drugs.As a polypeptide substance,lactoferrin has a strong anti-tumor effect and plays a huge role in field of nano-drug delivery.Receptors of lactoferrin are widely expressed on surface of various cancer cells.In addition to its strong anti-tumor effect,it is also widely used to modify nanocarriers.In this paper,anti-tumor mechanism of lactoferrin is reviewed,and the latest research progress of using lactoferrin as an anti-cancer drug delivery carrier is also introduced.

Objective To explore the therapeutic mechanism of maggot for psoriasis-like lesions in mice from the perspective of immune stress and complement activation regulation.Methods Thirty-six male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,maggot(1.25%,2.5%,and 5%)groups,and Benvitimod(1%)group.Psoriasis-like lesions were induced by application of imiquimod cream,and the severity of skin lesions was assessed using the modified Psoriasis Area and Severity Index(MPASI)score.Auricular swelling of the mice was observed,and histopathological changes of the skin lesions were examined with HE staining.Scratching behavior of the mice was observed and the spleen index was calculated.Toluidine blue staining was used to detect mast cells in the skin lesions,and serum levels of IgG,IgM,the complements CH50,C1s,C3,C3a,C5 and C5a,and the inflammatory factors IL-23,IL-17A and TNF-α were determined with ELISA.Results In mice with imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions,treatment with the maggot at the 3 doses significantly decreased MPASI score,alleviated auricular swelling and pathologies in the skin lesions,reduced scratching behaviors,spleen index,and the number of mast cells in the lesions.Treatment with high-dose maggot significantly lowered serum levels of IgG,C1s,C3a,C5a,IL-23,IL-17A and TNF-α and the levels of C1s,C3,C3a,C5 and C5a in the lesion tissue,and increased serum levels of CH50,C3,and C5.The therapeutic effect of maggot showed a dose-effect dependence.Conclusion Maggot can alleviate psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice by inhibiting immune stress and complement activation.

Based on the theory of "one qi circulation" founded by HUANG Yuanyu， the core disease mechanism of colorectal cancer is the innate spleen deficiency and stomach qi failing to bear downward， which leads to the turbidity assemble in large intestine， forming the carcinoma toxin， and ultimately transforms into colorectal cancer. The treatment should base on recovering the circulation of qi， Huangya Decoction （黄芽汤） as the basic formula， the circulation of qi ascending and descending as the base， adjusting ascending and descending together with Xiaqi Decoction （下气汤）， and differentiating the syndrome on yin-yang excess-deficiency； for spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome， treated with Tianhun Decoction （天魂汤） to supplement liver， kidney and assist yang； for liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome， treated wtih Dipo Decoction （地魄汤） to supplement lung， kidney， and assist yang. They jointly prompt one qi circulation to provide the thoughts for the treatment of colorectal cancer by traditional Chinese medicine.