Ultrasonography（US）is the first-line imaging modality recommended by domestic and international guidelines for liver tumor screening，owing to its non-invasive nature，real-time dynamic imaging capability，cost-effectiveness，and operational convenience. In recent years，the integration of artificial intelligence（AI）and medical imaging has emerged as a major research focus. By leveraging large-scale data training，AI models can automatically recognize and analyze input imaging data and generate predictive outcomes. Notably，AI-based ultrasound imaging technology has achieved breakthrough advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of liver tumors. These innovations significantly improve diagnostic accuracy，optimize treatment strategies，predict disease progression and prognosis，and monitor therapeutic response. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest applications and research progress of AI in ultrasound-based diagnosis and treatment of liver tumors.

Objective:To understand the expectations of Hong Kong residents to seek for medical treatment in Shenzhen and the influencing factors,so as to provide a reference for promoting the medical cooperation between Shenzhen and Hong Kong and the integration of medical services in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.Methods:Based on the Anderson model,a questionnaire survey on medical expectations was conducted among 1 592 Hong Kong residents who sought medical treatment at the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of medical ex-pectations in different dimensions.Results:The overall expectation score of Hong Kong residents for medical treatment in Shenzhen was 3.01,and the most important concern was the professionalism and accessibility of medical services.The results of binary logis-tic regression analysis showed that gender,education level,birth and growth area,long-term living area,frequency of visiting Shenzhen,opinions of relatives and friends and monthly income were the influencing factors of medical treatment expectation of Hong Kong residents(P＜0.05).Conclusion:It is suggested that Hong Kong residents'sense of identity and trust in Shenzhen's healthcare should be enhanced,and that Shenzhen and Hong Kong should make innovations in the convergence of medical security systems,the supply of Hong Kong's medicines and devices in Shenzhen,so as to promote the integrated development of medical and health services in Shenzhen and Hong Kong,and jointly build a"health community"in the GBA.

At present,malignant tumor diseases occur frequently and increase year by year.Traditional chemoradiotherapy methods are expensive,have serious toxic and side effects,and are easy to reduce patient tolerance.Natural medicines have advantages of multiple targets,high selectivity and low toxicity and side effects in process of anti-tumor,and are one of important sources of anti-tumor drugs.As a polypeptide substance,lactoferrin has a strong anti-tumor effect and plays a huge role in field of nano-drug delivery.Receptors of lactoferrin are widely expressed on surface of various cancer cells.In addition to its strong anti-tumor effect,it is also widely used to modify nanocarriers.In this paper,anti-tumor mechanism of lactoferrin is reviewed,and the latest research progress of using lactoferrin as an anti-cancer drug delivery carrier is also introduced.

At present,malignant tumor diseases occur frequently and increase year by year.Traditional chemoradiotherapy methods are expensive,have serious toxic and side effects,and are easy to reduce patient tolerance.Natural medicines have advantages of multiple targets,high selectivity and low toxicity and side effects in process of anti-tumor,and are one of important sources of anti-tumor drugs.As a polypeptide substance,lactoferrin has a strong anti-tumor effect and plays a huge role in field of nano-drug delivery.Receptors of lactoferrin are widely expressed on surface of various cancer cells.In addition to its strong anti-tumor effect,it is also widely used to modify nanocarriers.In this paper,anti-tumor mechanism of lactoferrin is reviewed,and the latest research progress of using lactoferrin as an anti-cancer drug delivery carrier is also introduced.

Objective:To understand the expectations of Hong Kong residents to seek for medical treatment in Shenzhen and the influencing factors,so as to provide a reference for promoting the medical cooperation between Shenzhen and Hong Kong and the integration of medical services in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.Methods:Based on the Anderson model,a questionnaire survey on medical expectations was conducted among 1 592 Hong Kong residents who sought medical treatment at the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of medical ex-pectations in different dimensions.Results:The overall expectation score of Hong Kong residents for medical treatment in Shenzhen was 3.01,and the most important concern was the professionalism and accessibility of medical services.The results of binary logis-tic regression analysis showed that gender,education level,birth and growth area,long-term living area,frequency of visiting Shenzhen,opinions of relatives and friends and monthly income were the influencing factors of medical treatment expectation of Hong Kong residents(P＜0.05).Conclusion:It is suggested that Hong Kong residents'sense of identity and trust in Shenzhen's healthcare should be enhanced,and that Shenzhen and Hong Kong should make innovations in the convergence of medical security systems,the supply of Hong Kong's medicines and devices in Shenzhen,so as to promote the integrated development of medical and health services in Shenzhen and Hong Kong,and jointly build a"health community"in the GBA.

Ultrasonography（US）is the first-line imaging modality recommended by domestic and international guidelines for liver tumor screening，owing to its non-invasive nature，real-time dynamic imaging capability，cost-effectiveness，and operational convenience. In recent years，the integration of artificial intelligence（AI）and medical imaging has emerged as a major research focus. By leveraging large-scale data training，AI models can automatically recognize and analyze input imaging data and generate predictive outcomes. Notably，AI-based ultrasound imaging technology has achieved breakthrough advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of liver tumors. These innovations significantly improve diagnostic accuracy，optimize treatment strategies，predict disease progression and prognosis，and monitor therapeutic response. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest applications and research progress of AI in ultrasound-based diagnosis and treatment of liver tumors.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of pecto-intercostal fascial plane (PIFP) block versus transversus thoracic muscle plane (TTP) block under ultrasound guidance in coronary artery bypass grafting with general anesthesia.Methods:Ninety American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱor Ⅲ patients of either sex, aged 50-79 yr, scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting, were divided into 3 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: PIFP block combined with general anesthesia group (PG group), TTP block combined with general anesthesia group (TG group), and general anesthesia group (G group). After anesthesia induction, bilateral PIFP block was performed under ultrasound guidance in group PG, TTP block was performed under ultrasound guidance in group TG. Three groups used the same general anesthesia method and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia after surgery. Visual analog scale scores (cough, position change, etc) at rest and during activity were recorded at 6, 12, 18 and 24 h after operation. The total consumption of intraoperative sufentanil, extubation time, length of stay in intensive care units, rate of rescue analgesia, effective pressing times of patient-controlled analgesia, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, skin pruritus and nerve block-related adverse events were recorded. The operation time of nerve block was recorded and ultrasound-guided needle visibility score was assessed in PG group and TG group. Results:Compared with group G, the total consumption of intraoperative sufentanil was significantly reduced, the extubation time and length of stay in intensive care units were shortened, visual analog scale scores at rest and during activity were decreased at 6, 12 and 18 h after operation, the rate of rescue analgesia was decreased, and the effective pressing times of patient-controlled analgesia were decreased in group PG and group TG ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the aforementioned parameters in PG and TG groups ( P> 0.05). Compared with group TG, the operational time of nerve block was significantly shortened, and the ultrasound-guided needle visibility score was increased in group PG ( P<0.05). No nerve block-related adverse events were found in PG and TG groups. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and skin pruritus among the three groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:PIFP block can provide good perioperative analgesia and promote the rapid recovery in the patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with general anesthesia. Although the analgesic effect of PIFP blockade is similar to that of TTP blockade, PIFP blockade is more clinically valuable due to its simpler operation and less relative risk.

Objective:To evaluate the correlation between ultrasound parameters of internal carotid artery blood flow and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO 2) in elderly patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods:Sixty-four elderly patients undergoing elective CABG under CPB, aged 60-80 yr, regardless of gender, with body mass index of 18.1-28.9 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱ or Ⅲ, with New York Heart Association class Ⅱ or Ⅲ, with left ventricular ejection fraction≥50%, were selected. The rScO 2 and ultrasonic parameters of internal carotid artery including peak systolic velocity (PSV-ICA), end-diastolic velocity (EDV-ICA), diameter (D-ICA) and blood flow volume (Q-ICA) were recorded before anesthesia induction (T 0), at surgical skin incision (T 1), at 30 and 60 min of CPB (mean value was calculated, T 2), and at 30 and 60 min after termination of CPB (mean value was calculated, T 3). The ratio of unilateral internal carotid artery blood flow to cardiac output (Q/CO) was calculated. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the accuracy of ultrasound parameters of internal carotid artery blood flow in predicting rScO 2 < 60%. Results:PSV-ICA was positively correlated with rScO 2 at T 0, T 1 and T 3 ( P<0.05), but no correlation was found between PSV-ICA and rScO 2 at T 2 ( P>0.05). There was no correlation between EDV-ICA and rScO 2 at each time point ( P>0.05). Q-ICA was positively correlated with rScO 2 at each time point ( P<0.05). Q/CO was not correlated with rScO 2 at T 1 ( P>0.05), but Q/CO was positively correlated with rScO 2 at T 2 and T 3 ( P<0.05). During the non-CPB period (T 0, T 1, T 3), the cutoff values of PSV-ICA and Q-ICA in predicting rScO 2< 60% were 51.35 cm/s and 283.5 ml/min respectively, the sensitivity was 0.900 and 0.900 respectively, and the specificity was 0.610 and 0.857 respectively (AUC=0.761, P=0.006; AUC=0.903, P< 0.001). During the CPB period, the cutoff values of Q-ICA and Q/CO in predicting rScO 2<60% were 296.5 ml/min and 5.84% respectively, the sensitivity was 0.900 and 0.800, and the specificity was 0.545 and 0.659 (AUC=0.764, P=0.001; AUC=0.748, P=0.002), respectively. Conclusions:PSV-ICA and Q-ICA are positively correlated with rScO 2 during the non-CPB period, and Q-ICA and Q/CO are positively correlated with rScO 2 during the CPB period in elderly patients undergoing CABG. PSV-ICA, Q-ICA and Q/CO can accurately predict rScO 2<60%.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of using the large-scale language model ChatGPT to focus on research hotspots in the field of clinical medical education management,aiming to accelerate the scientific research process in this field.Methods:First,six key topics in the field were selected,and ChatGPT was guided to automatically generate the five most urgent or important research hotspots in each topic through questioning.Then,six clinical medical education managers were organized to use the five-point Likert scale to evaluate the research hotspots generated by ChatGPT from five dimensions,including pertinence,humanity,dialectics,expansion,and originality.Finally,the evaluation results were analyzed from multiple perspectives based on descriptive statistics,score similarity,and indicator correlation.Results:The research hotspots generated by ChatGPT performed excellently in terms of topic specificity,and were also satisfactory in terms of humanistic,dialectical,and expansive aspects,but performed mediocrely in terms of originality.Conclusion:ChatGPT can serve as an auxiliary tool to focus on research hotspots in clinical medical education management,but more efforts are still needed to enhance the originality of the research hotspots it generates.However,when using ChatGPT to focus on research hotspots,there are a series of ethical risks,including false and abusive data,discrimination and bias in algorithms,as well as academic dishonesty and misconduct.From the technical perspective,researchers can integrate the focused results of multiple large-scale language models,and utilize data and algorithm diversity to avoid ethical risks.From the application perspective,individual identification,group argumentation,and other means can be utilized,and carefully examined with critical thinking to avoid ethical risks.

Traditional antibody drug conjugates(ADC)combine monoclonal antibodies with cytotoxic drugs to accurately strike cancer cells,but there are still many shortcomings in stability,targeting,efficacy,and safety.Novel ADC,such as bi-specific,site-specific,dual-payload,and pro-drug type ADC,can be optimized by simultaneously binding 2 different antigens or epitopes,selecting more stable linkers,coupling with specific amino acid sites of antibodies,carrying different drug payloads,and adopting prodrug strategies,while retaining the characteristics of traditional ADC.Significantly improving the stability,targeting,efficacy and safety of drugs can better meet the needs of clinical treatment.Novel ADC will play a more important role in cancer treatment in the future.Discussing the progress of novel ADC in cancer treatment and analyzing their advantages and challenges can provide theoretical support for the development of anti-cancer strategies and provide directions for drug research and development.