Objective: Blood safety surveillance is a critical measure for the objective assessment of blood quality and enhancing transfusion safety. This study aims to comprehensively understand the current status of blood safety surveillance and management in blood collection and supply institutions in Sichuan Province, systematically analyze existing problems and vulnerabilities, and provide a basis for optimizing management strategies and improving capabilities to ensure blood safety. Methods: The Blood Safety Surveillance questionnaire was designed, covering adverse donor reaction reporting, management of adverse events, and transfusion adverse reaction feedback. An online survey was conducted via Questionnaire Star platform among 21 blood collection and supply institutions in the province, gathering information on management systems, process implementation, and utilization of monitoring data. The collected data were organized and statistically analyzed using Excel. Results: The questionnaire response rate and validity rate were both 100%. Blood collection and supply institutions in Sichuan Province have generally established a blood safety surveillance system and achieved positive outcomes. Regarding adverse events in blood collection and supply, 95.24% (20 institutions) have established reporting procedures, and 66.67% (14) collect information through multiple channels such as internal reports, external reports, and statistical trend feedback. A total of 90.48% (19) institutions regularly summarize and analyze adverse event data, and 85.71% (18) produce reports with improvement recommendations based on this analysis.71.43% (15) institutions implement reward and penalty measures, and 71.43% (15) report underreporting or omission due to accountability or performance concerns. In terms of monitoring adverse blood donation reactions, all blood collection and supply institutions have established full-process management systems.76.19% (16) collect data through multiple approaches, including on-site donation records, voluntary donor reports, and donor follow-ups. Adverse reactions were followed up in 95.24% (20) of institutions with 65% (13) completing follow-ups within 24 hours.80.95% (17) have established investigation procedures, while 66.67% (14) believe underreporting or omission still occurs. All blood collection and supply institutions regularly compile statistics on adverse donation reactions. Of these, 85.71% (18) institutions providing feedback to management departments and 90.48% (19) analyzing the data and making recommendations.76.19% (16) institutions use monitoring data for return donor management and targeted care, and 71.43% (15 stations) incorporate it into management reviews. Regarding adverse transfusion reactions, 95.24% (20) institutions have established and implemented procedures for isolating, recalling, and tracing of problematic blood units. However, only 42.86% (9) have established feedback mechanisms of adverse transfusion reaction with hospitals, and only 19.05% (4) support direct reporting via information systems.47.62% (10) institutions regularly analyze adverse transfusion reaction data, and 19.05% (4) provide feedback and recommendations to relevant hospitals. All blood collection and supply institutions reported challenges in collecting hospital feedback, citing complexities in data collection and reporting processes. Conclusion: Blood safety surveillance systems have been preliminarily established in Sichuan Province. However, further strengthening is still required, including conducting in-depth data analysis and utilization, standardizing the configuration of emergency medications and equipment, and improving feedback mechanisms for adverse transfusion reactions. To improve the overall level of blood safety management, it is recommended to strengthen closed-loop data management, improve feedback mechanisms between blood collection and supply institutions and hospitals, foster a non-punitive reporting culture, and systematically advance the regionalization and standardization of the monitoring system. These efforts will contribute to sustainably improving the overall effectiveness and sustainability of blood safety management.

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of acute respiratory infections in children under 12 years old in Pudong New Area， Shanghai from 2019 to 2023. MethodsAcute respiratory infection samples of children under 12 years old from three sentinel hospitals in Pudong New Area， Shanghai from 2019 to 2023 were collected， and 42 respiratory infection pathogens， including influenza virus， adenovirus， parainfluenza virus， respiratory syncytial virus， human enterovirus/rhinovirus， human pulmonary virus， human bokavirus， coronavirus （229E， HKU1， NL63 and OC43）， and novel coronavirus， were detected with microfluidic chips. The situation of acute respiratory infections among outpatient and inpatient children in this area was analyzed for the before the implementation of non pharmacological intervention measures （2019.12‒2020.1）， during the period of non pharmacological intervention measures （2020.2‒2022.12）， and after non pharmacological intervention measures （2023.1‒2023.6）. ResultsFrom 2019 to 2023， a total of 1 770 samples were collected， and 445 pathogens were detected， with a detection rate of 25.14% （445/1 770）. The main pathogens detected during the study period were influenza virus： 8.70% （154/1 770）， respiratory syncytial virus： 4.41% （78/1 770）， human enterovirus/rhinovirus： 2.66% （47/1 770）， human adenovirus： 2.49% （44/1 770）， and parainfluenza virus： 2.20% （39/1 770）. Before the implementation of non pharmacological intervention measures， outpatients were primarily infected with influenza， parainfluenza virus， and respiratory syncytial virus， with detection rates of 8.09%， 4.49%， and 4.04%， respectively； inpatients were mainly infected with influenza， respiratory syncytial virus， and parainfluenza virus， with detection rates of 4.49%， 3.82%， and 3.15%， respectively. During the period of non pharmacological intervention measures， influenza， rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus were the main viruses detected in the samples of outpatient children， with detection rates of 4.04%， 3.60%， and 2.47%， respectively； inpatient samples mainly detected respiratory syncytial virus， rhinovirus， and influenza virus， with detection rates of 3.60%， 2.02%， and 1.80%， respectively. After non pharmacological intervention measures， influenza， rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus were the main pathogens detected in the outpatients， with detection rates of 9.89%， 2.92% and 2.02%， respectively； influenza， respiratory syncytial virus， and rhinovirus were the main pathogens detected in inpatient children， with detection rates of 6.29%， 1.57%， and 1.35%， respectively. ConclusionThe prevalence of pathogens related to acute respiratory infections in children is influenced by non pharmacological preventive measures.

Objective:To explore the improvement effect of combined intervention of mindfulness and white noise on executive function of adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Methods:A total of 45 adult patients with ADHD were selected and randomly divided into a combined intervention group,a mindful-ness intervention group,and a non-intervention group.Both the combined intervention group and the mindfulness in-tervention group underwent mindfulness intervention,while the combined intervention group simultaneously in-tegrates white noise,the non-intervention group was not given any intervention measures.At baseline and after 4 weeks of intervention,N-back Task,Flanker task,More-odd Shifting Task,Iowa Gambling Task,and ADHD Rating Scale were used to measure working memory,inhibitory control,cognitive flexibility,emotional decision-making,and ADHD symptoms.Results:After 4 weeks of intervention,the accuracy rates of the inhibition control and cogni-tive flexibility tasks were higher in the combined intervention group than in the mindfulness intervention group,while the reaction times were lower(Ps＜0.05).The accuracy rates of working memory,inhibition control,and cognitive flexibility tasks were higher in the combined intervention group and the mindfulness intervention group than in the non-intervention group,while the reaction times,emotional decision-making scores,total ADHD scores,and scores in all dimensions were lower in the combined intervention group and the mindfulness intervention group than in the non-intervention group(Ps＜0.05).Conclusion:Mindfulness and white noise combined intervention has significant advantages in improving executive function and reducing ADHD symptoms of adult patients with ADHD.

OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to conduct genomic characterization of Salmonella strains carrying the bla _NDM-1 gene in the intestinal tract of healthy individuals. The objectives were to underscore the importance of genomic surveillance for drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic bacteria among healthy populations, and to establish protocols for regulating drug resistance plasmids based on the completion of a comprehensive map of drug resistance plasmid genomes. METHODS: We performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing and employed second- and third-generation sequencing techniques to analyze Salmonella strains harboring the bla _NDM-1 gene, to surveil drug-resistant bacteria in the intestines of healthy subjects. Sequence comparison was conducted using both core- and pan-genome approaches. Concurrently, conjugation experiments were carried out to assess the efficiency of plasmid transfer. RESULTS: We isolated a carbapenem-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain from a healthy food worker in China. This strain harbored an IncHI2/IncHI2A plasmid carrying bla _NDM-1 along with multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Our findings highlight the potential for asymptomatic carriers to facilitate the transmission of ARGs. Pan-genomic analysis revealed that bla _NDM-1-positive plasmids could traverse bacterial species barriers, facilitating cross-host transmission. CONCLUSION This study marks the first detection of bla _NDM-1 in Salmonella strains isolated from healthy individuals. We underscore the risk associated with the transmission of conjugative hybrid plasmids carrying bla _NDM-1, which have the potential to be harbored and transmitted among healthy individuals. Enhanced surveillance of drug-resistant pathogens and plasmids in the intestinal microbiota of healthy individuals could provide insights into the risk of ARG transmission and pathways for population-wide dissemination via ARG transfer factors.
beta-Lactamases/genetics* ; Plasmids/genetics* ; Humans ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology* ; China ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Salmonella typhimurium/isolation & purification* ; Salmonella/isolation & purification* ; Salmonella Infections/microbiology*

Osteoarthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by non inflammatory degeneration of articular cartilage and the formation of osteophytes at the edge of the joint, caused by complex causes. Its pathology is complex, and its pathogenesis is not yet clear, ultimately leading to joint stiffness and functional activity disorders. At present, the treatment for osteoarthritis is limited to alleviating symptoms and improving function, with varying degrees of side effects. Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death discovered in recent years, which is related to the pathological and physiological processes of osteoarthritis and plays an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis. Its main characteristics include iron metabolism imbalance and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, ferroptosis inhibitors targeting ferroptosis have shown great application prospects in the treatment of osteoarthritis. In this review, the author summarizes the relevant mechanisms of ferroptosis in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis, outlines a large number of specific therapeutic drugs and their corresponding targets, with the aim of delaying and reversing the progression of osteoarthritis by regulating chondrocyte ferroptosis, which has certain clinical guiding significance.

The symptoms of pulmonary nodules are insidious,with inflammatory nodules,inflammatory granuloma,early invasive cancer and lung cancer,and the clinical differential diagnosis is still difficult.Regular CT follow-up observation of most pulmonary nodules provides a"window period"for TCM Intervention in pulmonary nodules.From the aspects of external cold attacking the lung,dense cold and humid geographical environment,cold diet,summer air conditioning,etc.,this paper considers that the soaking of cold pathogenic factors is the basic cause of the formation of pulmonary nodules,and cold phlegm are the basic pathogenesis of pulmonary nodules.The clinical manifestations of cold phlegm in pulmonary nodules are summarized from the two actual situations that can be distinguished from clinical symptoms and no symptoms.It is proposed that Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction and Sanzi Yangqin decoction are the basic formulas,Discussion on the treatment of pulmonary nodules by warming yang and dispelling cold to cure the root cause,eliminating phlegm and softening hard mass to treat the symptoms;Improve the ability of TCM diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary nodules.

Ossification of the spinal ligaments (OSL) is characterized by the appearance of pathologic bone tissue within the spinal ligamentous tissue. OSL tends to occur in the cervical and thoracic segments with important cause of spinal stenosis. Compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots by ossified masses can lead to severe neurological dysfunction, which has a tremendous impact on the quality of life of patients. However, the exact etiology and pathogenesis of OSL are still unclear. Epigenetic regulation is widespread in organisms and refers to the appearance of heritable changes in gene expression without alteration in genomic DNA sequence. As an important form of biodiversity regulation, epigenetic regulation plays an important role in development of several diseases. Epigenetic regulation has multiple manifestations in OSL, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation. Sequencing tools, such as gene microarrays, have revealed significant differences in DNA methylation profiles and non-coding RNA expression between ossified and normal spinal ligaments. These differences can cause abnormal expression of osteogenesis-related target genes through direct or indirect pathways, thus affecting the ossification process of spinal ligaments. In addition, interactions between these epigenetic regulatory mechanisms constitute a large and complex regulatory network. Consequently, an in-depth understanding of the role of different epigenetic regulatory mechanisms and the linkages between them in the initiation and progression stages of OSL is expected to provide a valuable reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of OSL-related diseases.

Objective:To investigate the humoral immune response to GⅠ.1/GⅡ.4 norovirus (NoV) virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine of different doses in mice.Methods:The GⅠ.1/GⅡ.4 norovirus vaccine was diluted into four different concentrations, containing 50, 25, 8.3 and 2.8 μg/dose antigens, respectively. Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant was used in the control group. Ten 7-week-old BALB/c mice in each group were immunized intraperitoneally with 0.5 ml vaccine or adjuvant on 0 d and 21 d. Blood samples were collected on 35 d and the histoblood group antigen (HBGA) blocking titers of GⅠ.1 and GⅡ.4 antibodies in serum were detected. The differences in antibody levels between the groups were analyzed by SPSS23.0 software.Results:GⅠ.1 and GⅡ.4 HBGA blocking antibodies in 50, 25 and 8.3 μg/dose groups became positive on 35 d after the first dose vaccination. The geometric mean titers (GMT) of GⅠ.1 and GⅡ.4 HBGA blocking antibodies were 488 (95%CI: 249-955) and 489 (95%CI: 302-790) in 50 μg/dose group, 278 (95%CI: 106-728) and 738 (95%CI: 299-1 820) in 25 μg/dose group, 300 (95%CI: 158-570) and 486 (95%CI: 222-1 068) in 8.3 μg/dose group, respectively. The positive rates of GⅠ.1 and GⅡ.4 blocking antibodies in 2.8 μg/dose group were 40% and 70% and the GMT were 23 (95%CI: 10-51) and 85 (95%CI: 24-304), respectively. The GⅠ.1 and GⅡ.4 blocking antibodies in the control group were negative. Statistically significant differences in antibody levels were found between 50, 25, 8.3 μg/dose groups and the control group ( P<0.05), as well as in GⅠ.1 blocking antibodies between 50, 25, 8.3 μg/dose groups and 2.8 μg/dose group ( P<0.05). GⅡ.4 antibody level in 25 μg/dose group was statistically different from that in 2.8 μg/dose group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:GⅠ.1/GⅡ.4 norovirus VLP vaccine at (50-8.3) μg/dose could induce humoral immune response in mice.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of the Yap1 gene and tanshinone ⅡA on the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of Huh-7 hepatoma cells. MethodsA total of 10 pairs of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples and adjacent tissue samples were collected in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from June 1 to December 1, 2019. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to measure the expression of the Yap1 gene and phenotype-related molecules. MTT cell proliferation detection reagent was used to measure the inhibition rate of cell proliferation after the treatment with different concentrations of tanshinone ⅡA. Western blotting was used to measure the changes in the expression of apoptosis-and migration-related markers after different interventions. Flow cytometry and Transwell assay were used to measure apoptosis and cell migration and invasion abilities. The data of 375 cases of liver cancer and 50 cases of relatively normal liver tissue samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas, including clinicopathological information. The t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. ResultsIn 8 of the 10 pairs of HCC samples and adjacent tissue samples, HCC samples had significantly higher expression of Yap1 than the adjacent tissue samples. Compared with the normal human liver epithelial cells L02, the Huh-7 and HCCL-M3 hepatoma cells had a significant increase in the expression of Yap1. The silencing efficiency of si-Yap1-3 transfection reached 87.004% at the protein level. MTT results showed that tanshinone ⅡA effectively inhibited the proliferation of Huh-7 cells, with a half inhibitory concentration of 8.683 μmol/L. After the cells were treated with si-Yap1-3 and tanshinone ⅡA, there was an increase in the expression of the downstream marker for proliferation and migration E-cadherin and a reduction in the expression of vimentin, and the results of Transwell assay showed that compared with the si-NC group, the tanshinone ⅡA+si-Yap1-3 group had significant reductions in the migration and invasion abilities of Huh-7 cells (migration: 43.19±2.88 vs 132.20±10.03, t=8.527, P=0.001; invasion: 53.95±4.20 vs 179.10±11.11, t=4.484, P=0.011). The group treated with si-Yap1-3 and tanshinone ⅡA had an increase in the expression of the apoptosis-related marker Bax and a reduction in the expression of Bcl-2, as well as a significantly higher early apoptosis rate than the si-NC group (2598% vs 9.21%, χ2=4.078, P＜0.05). ConclusionOncogene Yap1 silencing combined with tanshinone ⅡA can promote the apoptosis of Huh-7 hepatoma cells and inhibit their migration and invasion, which can provide certain guiding significance for clinical medication.

Objective:To screen the neutralizing epitope of enterovirus 71 (EV71) and determine the specific minimum amino acid sequence that triggers immunity for providing a theoretical basis for the development of synthetic peptide vaccines.Methods:EV71 neutralizing antibody-specific binding clones were panned and sequenced using a phage display random 12-peptide library to obtain the key sequences of neutralizing epitopes. A series of peptides containing the key sequences with N-terminal acetylation (AC) and C-terminal linking to Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) were synthesized. Serum samples were collected after immunizing mice with the modified peptides. Then the immunogenicity of the peptides and the neutralizing activity of serum samples were analyzed by Western blot, ELISA and neutralization test.Results:After three rounds of panning, cloning and sequencing, KQEKDL was identified as the key motif. The serum samples collected from the mice immunized with the modified series of peptides containing key motifs had different degrees of binding ability to EV71 and VP1 protein. The serum samples of mice immunized the synthetic peptide containing only the minimum key motif (AC-KQEKDL-KLH) had the strongest response to the other three peptides and EV71 and the highest neutralizing titer.Conclusions:The EV71 neutralizing epitope was successfully screened using the phage display random peptide library. The key motif of KQEKDL might be the specific minimum amino acid sequence that triggered the immune system. This study provides a theoretical basis for better understanding the immune response mechanism, evaluating the immunogenicity of the antigens and further research and development of polypeptide vaccines.