Hygroscopicity research has long been a key focus and hot topic in Chinese materia medica（CMM）. Elucidating hygroscopic mechanisms plays a vital role in formulation design， process optimization， and storage condition selection. Hygroscopic models serve as essential tools for characterizing CMM hygroscopic mechanisms， with various types available. The double exponential model is a kinetic mathematical model constructed based on the law of conservation of energy and Fick's first law of diffusion， tailored to the physical properties of CMM extracts. In recent years， this model has been extensively applied to simulate the dynamic moisture absorption behavior of CMM extracts and solid dosage forms under varying humidity conditions. It has revealed the correlation between moisture absorption kinetic parameters and material properties， offering a new perspective for characterizing the moisture uptake behavior of CMM. This paper systematically reviews the application progress of this model in the field of CMM， analyzes its advantages， disadvantages， and challenges in this domain， and explores its potential application trends in other fields. It aims to provide references for elucidating the moisture absorption mechanisms of CMM and researching moisture-proofing technologies， while also offering insights for its broader application in food and polymer materials.

Objective To preliminarily investigate the safety and efficacy of donor pancreas needle biopsy in simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 7 cases undergoing donor pancreas biopsy were collected retrospectively. All cases underwent donor pancreas biopsy before or during simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. Frozen section or paraffin sectioning techniques were used for tissue preparation, and hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining were performed to histologically evaluate the donor pancreas. The quality of donor pancreas was comprehensively assessed by combining histological findings with the donor's clinical data. Postoperative follow-up data of 5 simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant recipients were collected to summarize the safety of donor pancreas biopsy and the prognosis of transplant recipients. Results The 7 pancreas donors were aged 28 to 62 years, with a body mass index ranging from 20.76 to 27.68 kg/m². Liver ultrasound indicated fatty liver in 3 cases, while pancreatic ultrasound did not reveal any significant abnormalities. Among them, biopsy was performed on 2 donors after completion of pancreatic procurement and processing, and the frozen section histology showed moderate acute pancreatitis changes (edema of acinar cells, necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration). Combined with a serum amylase level elevated more than 3 times the upper limit of normal value, these two donor pancreases were finally discarded. The remaining 5 cases underwent biopsy immediately after pancreatic vascular anastomosis during simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation, and histological evaluation was performed on paraffin-embedded sections. No biopsy-related complications (such as bleeding, pancreatic fistula, etc.) occurred after transplantation. One recipient died of severe infection 2 months after transplantation, while the other 4 recipients were followed up for more than 5 years, with well-functioning transplant kidneys and pancreases. Conclusions Donor pancreas biopsy is relatively safe, and the risk of biopsy-related complications after transplantation is controllable. Comprehensive assessment of donor pancreas quality by combining histological evaluation with the donor's clinical indicators is conducive to improving the accuracy of donor pancreas selection and organ utilization.

ObjectiveBased on the clinical characteristics of chronic gouty arthritis （CGA） in both traditional Chinese and western medicine， this study aims to systematically evaluate the clinical concordance of existing CGA animal models， providing recommendations for establishing animal models that align with the pathological characteristics of CGA and the manifestations of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes. MethodsBy comprehensively retrieving Chinese and international databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure， Wanfang， VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database （VIP）， and PubMed， all relevant literature on CGA animal models was collected. Based on the guidelines， the diagnostic criteria of both traditional Chinese and western medicine were summarized and organized. The evaluation indicators for the CGA model were constructed with reference to existing evaluation modes， and the CGA animal models were analyzed to systematically evaluate the clinical concordance of existing models. ResultsThe current methods used to construct CGA animal models mainly include monosodium urate crystal induction， high-protein diet induction （poultry lack urate oxidase）， and high-fat diet combined with urate oxidase inhibitors and joint injection. Based on 11 pieces of included literature， the traditional Chinese and western medicine scoring data of each model were extracted， and the average scoring values of all models were ultimately calculated. The results show that the average clinical concordances of existing CGA animal models in both traditional Chinese and western medicine are 43.33% and 64.44%， respectively. Among them， the model with the highest clinical concordance rate is the one with a high-fat diet combined with potassium oxonate to induce hyperuricemia plus joint injection， achieving 83.33% clinical concordance in western medicine and 60% in traditional Chinese medicine. This model aligns well with the pathogenic characteristics and pathological changes of clinical CGA. ConclusionAlthough current CGA animal models can simulate some pathological characteristics of CGA， they struggle to comprehensively reflect the complex pathological processes of CGA and the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes. Therefore， in the future， it is necessary to establish the CGA animal models that incorporate the clinical disease and syndrome characteristics of traditional Chinese and western medicine and formulate the uniform model evaluation criteria， providing more precise tools for CGA mechanism research and the development of traditional Chinese medicine.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the serological and molecular genetic characteristics of a family with subtype B(A)06. METHODS: A neonatal hyperbilirubinemia patient who was treated at Henan Children's Hospital on June 15, 2023 due to "yellowing of the skin and gradual aggravation", and was found to have inconsistent ABO forward and reverse typing through blood type testing, was selected as the research subject. Six milliliters of peripheral blood were collected from the newborn and her family members (grandfather, grandmother, father, mother and aunt) respectively. ABO blood group identification was performed by the blood group serological method. Human genomic DNA was extracted using the nucleic acid extraction or purification reagent BT-01. ABO gene exons 2 to 7 were amplified by PCR. The PCR-specific products that were successfully amplified were sequenced by Sanger method. Taking ABO*A1.01 as the reference sequence, the ABO gene sequences of the newborn and her family members were analyzed to determine the ABO genotype. The procedures followed in this study were approved by the Ethics Committee of Henan Children's Hospital (Ethics No.: 2022-K-L036). RESULTS: The serological results of ABO blood group showed that the newborn, her grandfather, father and aunt were all incompatible with the forward and reverse typing. The blood group phenotype of the newborn was AwB or B(A), the blood group phenotype of the grandfather was A2B or B(A), the blood group phenotype of the father and aunt were A2B, and the blood group phenotype of the grandmother and mother were both O. The screening test results of hemolytic disease of the newborn showed that the free test detected IgG anti-A1 antibody, while the elution test, direct antiglobulin test and antibody screening results were all negative. The Sanger sequencing results showed that the newborn had variations of c.261delG, c.297A>G, c.526C>G, c.657C>T, c.703G>A, c.796C>A and c.930G>A. Her grandfather had variations of c.297A>G, C.526C>G, c.657C>T, c.703G>A, c.796C>A, c.803G>C and c.930G>A. Her grandmother had variations of c.106G>T, c.188G>A, c.189C>T, c.220C>T, c.261delG, c.297A>G, c.646T>A, c.681G>A, c.771C>T and c.829G>A. Her father and aunt had variations of c.106G>T, c.188G>A, c.189C>T, c.220C>T, c.261delG, c.297A>G, c.526C>G, c.646T>A, c.657C>T, c.681G>A, c.703G>A, c.771C>T, c.796C>A, c.829G>A and c.930G>A. Her mother had variations of c.106G>T, c.188G>A, c.189C>T, c.220C>T, c.261delG, c.297A>G, c.646T>A, c.681G>A, c.771C>T, and c.829G>A.The genotype of the newborn was ABO*BA.06/ABO*O.01.01, her grandfather was ABO*BA.06/ABO*B.01, her grandmother was ABO*O.01.02/ABO*O.01.02, her father and aunt were ABO*BA.06/ABO*O.01.02, and her mother was ABO*O.01.01/ABO*O.01.02. The ABO*BA.06 allele of the newborn, grandfather, father and aunt was caused by the c.803C>G variation in exon 7 based on the ABO*B.01 allele. The ABO*BA.06 allele can be stably inherited in this family. CONCLUSION The blood type of neonatal patients with B(A)06 subtype can be accurately determined by gene sequencing technology. If the forward typing is ≤ 3+ agglutination intensity in newborn ABO blood group identification, the reason should be carefully analyzed, and the molecular biology technology and family gene sequencing results should be used to jointly determine if necessary.
Humans ; ABO Blood-Group System/genetics* ; Female ; Pedigree ; Male ; Infant, Newborn ; Asian People/genetics* ; Genotype ; China ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal/blood* ; East Asian People

OBJECTIVE To analyze pathogens of multiple drug-resistant organism(MDRO)infection and its risk factors during the recovery period of patients with traumatic brain injury,and to construct and validate the predic-tion model for MDRO lung infection.METHODS Patients who were admitted to the Shanxi Second People's Hos-pital for traumatic brain injury(TBI)and developed hospital-acquired pneumonia(HAP)during their hospitaliza-tion between Aug.2019 and Aug.2023 were selected as the study subjects,their clinical data were retrospectively collected,and the patients were randomly divided into a modeling group(n=270)and a verification group(n=90)at a ratio of 3∶1,and they were further categorized into the MDRO infection group(148 cases)and the non-infection group(122 cases)based on whether they developed pneumonia caused by MDRO infections.Clinical data of the patients were collected for analysis,with pathogen identification performed for all patients.The risk factors for MDRO infection in TBI patients with HAP were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis,a pre-diction model for MDRO infections during the hospitalization and recovery period of TBI patients with HAP was constructed using a formula-based method,the goodness-of-fit of the model was assessed using Hosmer-Leme-show test,and its predictive ability was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.RESULTS There was no significant differences in the baseline characteristics of TBI patients with HAP between the modeling group and the verification group.The incidence of MDRO infections among TBI patients with HAP in modeling group was 54.81％(148/270),with Klebsiella pneumoniae(25.27％)being the predominant pathogen.Mechan-ical ventilation duration(OR=5.789,95％CI:2.164-15.486,P=0.001),ICU length of stay(OR=5.441,95％CI:2.153-13.751,P＜0.001),combined kidney diseases(OR=2.770,95％CI:1.321-5.812,P=0.007),duration of antibiotics use(OR=7.486,95％CI:1.928-29.059,P=0.004),occurrence of impaired consciousness(OR=5.720,95％CI:2.586-12.652,P＜0.001)and use of aminoglycoside antibiotics(OR=3.861,95％CI:1.608-9.273,P=0.003)were risk factors for MDRO infections.The Hosmer-Lemeshow for the risk prediction model showed that x2=5.013 and P=0.496.ROC curves analysis showed The area under the curve(AUC)for the modeling group by ROC curve analysis was 0.80(95％CI:0.773-0.877),with a sensitivi-ty of 83.33％and a specificity of 73.60％respectively,and the AUC for the verification group were 0.800(95％CI:0.670-0.895),with a sensitivity of 81.82％and a specificity of 77.27％respectively.CONCLUSION The prediction model constructed in this study,based on the risk factors for MDRO infection pneumonia during the re-covery period in hospitalized patients with traumatic brain injury,demonstrated high goodness-of-fit,as well as satisfactory sensitivity and specificity,and its application in clinical practice may help identify patients at high risk of MDRO infections.

Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London have integrated their educational and teaching advantageous resources to establish a Sino-foreign cooperative clinical medicine program in China. The program awards the degrees of Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Sciences and Bachelor of Clinical Medicine, aiming to cultivate well-rounded medical talents with both clinical and scientific research capabilities and an international perspective. By introducing biomedical courses and integrating them with basic medical courses, the program emphasizes basic knowledge, practical training, active learning, and the cultivation of scientific research skills and critical thinking ability. The evaluation parameters include academic output, innovation competitions, and the number of students pursuing graduate education. The results showed substantial increases in the number of SCI academic articles published by students in this program, the number of awards in innovation competitions, and the number of students pursuing graduate education. This program is a new attempt in the reform of medical education in China.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of improving liver injury by enhancing the abundance of Akkermansia mu-ciniphila(AKK bacteria)with hepatocyte-specific Yap1 knockout during PD-1 monoclonal antibody treatment.Methods:Hepatocyte-specific Yap1 knockout mice(genotype Yap1Flox/Flox;albumin-Cre,labeled as Yap1LKO)and control mice(genotype Yap1Flox/Flox,labeled Yap1Flox),aristolocholic acidⅠ(AAⅠ)and CCl4 were used to induce liver injury,Yap1LKO mice and Yap1Flox mice were randomly di-vided into control group and PD-1 monoclonal antibody group.After the intervention,real-time PCR detected changes in the abun-dance of AKK bacteria in the fecal microbial DNA of mice,16S rRNA gene sequencing further analyzes intestinal flora changes,the livers of mice were made into wax blocks for HE staining to observe the histopathological changes of the liver.Results:Yap1Flox mice exhibited balloon-like edema degeneration of hepatocytes and infiltration of inflammatory factors in the manifold area,compared with Yap1Flox mice,Yap1LKO mice had reduced the abundance of AKK bacteria in the intestine,fibrosis of the liver,and the degree of dam-age was more serious;PD-1 monoclonal antibody treatment alone did not increase the abundance of AKK bacteria in the intestines of mice,and fibrosis appeared in the liver;however,the abundance of intestinal AKK bacteria in Yap1LKO mice treated with PD-1 mono-clonal antibody increased,the ratio(F/B value)of Firmicutes to Bacteroides at the phylum level decreased,and the morphology of he-patocytes returned to normal and the degree of liver damage decreased.Conclusion:In AAⅠ and CCl4 induced liver injury mice,he-patocyte-specific Yap1 knockout reduced the abundance of AKK bacteria in the intestine,and the degree of liver injury was more se-vere than that in Yap1Flox mice.When treated with PD-1 monoclonal antibody,hepatocyte-specific Yap1 knockout could increase the abundance of AKK bacteria in the intestine,change the composition of intestinal flora,maintain intestinal homeostasis and ameliorate liver injury.

Objective To explore the impact of dyadic coping on fear of progression in patients with hematological tumors and their spouses based on the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model(APIM),and to provide references for clinical intervention.Methods By the convenient sampling method,136 pairs of hematological tumor patients and their spouses were selected from October 2023 to January 2024 in 5 tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province.A general information questionnaire,Dyadic Coping Inventory,Fear of Progression Questionnaire Short Form,and Fear of Progression Questionnaire Short Form/Partner Version were used to conduct the investigation.Amos 24.0 software was used to establish the APIM for dyadic coping with fear of progression.Results A total of 280 survey questionnaires were distributed,and 272 valid questionnaires were collected,including 136 from patients and their spouses,with an effective rate of 97.14％.The dyadic coping scores of hematological tumors patients and their spouses were(129.50±20.58)and(132.71±15.70),respectively,while the fear of progression scores were(31.71±3.13)and(29.01±3.05),respectively.Regarding the actors'effects,the level of dyadic coping strategies of patients and their spouses can both predict their own fear of progression,and are negatively correlated(β1=-0.52,β2=-0.41;P＜0.001).Regarding the partners'effects,the degree of fear of progression in patients is negatively correlated with the dyadic coping level of their spouses(β=-0.19,P＜0.001).Conclusion There is an interactive effect between the fear of progression and the level of dyadic coping between hematological tumor patients and their spouses.This suggests that clinical nursing staff should pay attention to the evaluation of fear of progression in patients with hematological tumors and their spouses,and effectively reduce the level of fear of progression on both sides.

OBJECTIVE To analyze pathogens of multiple drug-resistant organism(MDRO)infection and its risk factors during the recovery period of patients with traumatic brain injury,and to construct and validate the predic-tion model for MDRO lung infection.METHODS Patients who were admitted to the Shanxi Second People's Hos-pital for traumatic brain injury(TBI)and developed hospital-acquired pneumonia(HAP)during their hospitaliza-tion between Aug.2019 and Aug.2023 were selected as the study subjects,their clinical data were retrospectively collected,and the patients were randomly divided into a modeling group(n=270)and a verification group(n=90)at a ratio of 3∶1,and they were further categorized into the MDRO infection group(148 cases)and the non-infection group(122 cases)based on whether they developed pneumonia caused by MDRO infections.Clinical data of the patients were collected for analysis,with pathogen identification performed for all patients.The risk factors for MDRO infection in TBI patients with HAP were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis,a pre-diction model for MDRO infections during the hospitalization and recovery period of TBI patients with HAP was constructed using a formula-based method,the goodness-of-fit of the model was assessed using Hosmer-Leme-show test,and its predictive ability was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.RESULTS There was no significant differences in the baseline characteristics of TBI patients with HAP between the modeling group and the verification group.The incidence of MDRO infections among TBI patients with HAP in modeling group was 54.81％(148/270),with Klebsiella pneumoniae(25.27％)being the predominant pathogen.Mechan-ical ventilation duration(OR=5.789,95％CI:2.164-15.486,P=0.001),ICU length of stay(OR=5.441,95％CI:2.153-13.751,P＜0.001),combined kidney diseases(OR=2.770,95％CI:1.321-5.812,P=0.007),duration of antibiotics use(OR=7.486,95％CI:1.928-29.059,P=0.004),occurrence of impaired consciousness(OR=5.720,95％CI:2.586-12.652,P＜0.001)and use of aminoglycoside antibiotics(OR=3.861,95％CI:1.608-9.273,P=0.003)were risk factors for MDRO infections.The Hosmer-Lemeshow for the risk prediction model showed that x2=5.013 and P=0.496.ROC curves analysis showed The area under the curve(AUC)for the modeling group by ROC curve analysis was 0.80(95％CI:0.773-0.877),with a sensitivi-ty of 83.33％and a specificity of 73.60％respectively,and the AUC for the verification group were 0.800(95％CI:0.670-0.895),with a sensitivity of 81.82％and a specificity of 77.27％respectively.CONCLUSION The prediction model constructed in this study,based on the risk factors for MDRO infection pneumonia during the re-covery period in hospitalized patients with traumatic brain injury,demonstrated high goodness-of-fit,as well as satisfactory sensitivity and specificity,and its application in clinical practice may help identify patients at high risk of MDRO infections.

Recent research progress into the use of Chinese medicine has demonstrated good therapeutic effects for increasing numbers of Chinese medicines for immune system diseases.Atopic dermatitis(AD)is an inflammatory disease characterized by type 2 immunity,and research into its pathogenesis and therapeutic immunopharmaceuticals has result ed in various different types of animal models.This review summarizes the existing animal models of AD and their immune-related characteristics,with the aim of providing appropriate references for the selection of future research models related to AD.