A convenience sampling method was employed to recruit 445 food service employees from 67 Chinese restaurants across all 16 administrative districts of Beijing City from August to December in 2022. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding salt reduction and hypertension. The results revealed that awareness was highest for the statement "Hypertensive patients should reduce salt intake" (88.3%), while awareness of "China′s diagnostic criteria for hypertension" was the lowest (23.8%). Positive attitude endorsement rates were 96.0% for willingness to reduce salt, 95.3% for perceived self-efficacy in salt reduction, and 93.0% for agreement with a low-salt diet. Regarding behaviors, the rates of actively reducing salt when ordering takeout or dining out, using low-sodium salt, and using salt-reducing spoons were 73.7%, 45.4%, and 55.5%, respectively. The overall compliance rate for salt-reduction related behaviors was 73.9%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that: compared to the 18-29 age group, employees aged 30-39 ( OR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.16-4.14), 40-49 ( OR=3.36, 95% CI: 1.52-7.42), and 50-59 ( OR=3.25, 95% CI: 1.25-8.50) were significantly more likely to achieve compliance with salt-reduction behaviors; chefs were significantly more likely to achieve behavioral compliance compared to managerial staff ( OR=2.08, 95% CI: 1.08-3.98); employees in catering with adequate knowledge about salt reduction and hypertension were significantly more likely to exhibit behavioral compliance compared to those with inadequate knowledge ( OR=3.32, 95% CI: 1.83-5.92); employees in catering with positive attitudes towards salt reduction were significantly more likely to achieve behavioral compliance compared to those with negative attitudes ( OR=5.81, 95% CI: 2.05-16.43). In conclusion, food service employees in Beijing exhibit insufficient knowledge about salt intake and hypertension. While they demonstrate strong willingness to reduce salt, this does not consistently translate into action. Compliance with salt-reduction behaviors is influenced by age, education level, and job position. There is an urgent need to strengthen the dissemination of knowledge regarding high salt intake and hypertension and to implement personalized interventions targeting salt-reduction behaviors and skills.

Objective Estimating the residual risk of transfusion-transmitted diseases in voluntary blood donors is crucial for monitoring blood safety.and to analyze the evolution trend over a five-year period in Yantai,Shandong Province.Methods This study retrospectively reviewed screening data from Yantai Central Blood Station between 2018 and 2022.We compared the positivity rates between first-time and repeat donors,calculated the prevalence of each virus,and estimated the residual risk using the prevalence-window period model.Meanwhile,the age characteristics of all positive donors were analyzed.Results Over the five-year period,a total of 320 016 individuals donated blood.The overall reaction rate of transfusion-transmitted diseases was 0.165%,with HBV(0.129%)being the most common.The positivity rate among first-time donors[P(FTDs)](0.310%)was significantly higher than that among repeat donors[P(RDs)](0.054%)(χ2=312.783,P<0.05).The serological residual risks for HBV,HCV,and HIV were 1∶188 090,1∶1 042 805,and 1∶392 995,respectively.During the five-year period,they decreased from 1∶129 495 to 1∶390 011,from 1∶697 002 to 1∶1 145 826,and from 1∶684 109 to 1∶1 067 317,respectively.The residual risks of HCV and HIV after NAT were 1∶22 369 329 and 1∶6 639 965,respectively,which were significantly reduced by 21.5-fold and 16.9-fold,and decreased steadily during the study period.Among the HBV-DNA(+)donors,61.8%(68/110)were RDs,and the residual risk was 1∶65 350.Conclusion This study demonstrates the remarkable effectiveness of introducing nucleic acid amplification technology(NAT)in reducing the residual risk of HBV,HCV,and HIV,particularly for HCV and HIV.The residual risk for HBV remains higher compared to HCV and HIV due to the discovery of occult HBV infections(OBI).Therefore,a crucial step toward further reducing this residual risk is the use of more sensitive reagents and detection platforms.Furthermore,implementing effective long-term incentive mechanisms and strategic planning to increase the proportion of repeat donors(RDs)is critical for enhancing transfusion safety.

Objective Estimating the residual risk of transfusion-transmitted diseases in voluntary blood donors is crucial for monitoring blood safety.and to analyze the evolution trend over a five-year period in Yantai,Shandong Province.Methods This study retrospectively reviewed screening data from Yantai Central Blood Station between 2018 and 2022.We compared the positivity rates between first-time and repeat donors,calculated the prevalence of each virus,and estimated the residual risk using the prevalence-window period model.Meanwhile,the age characteristics of all positive donors were analyzed.Results Over the five-year period,a total of 320 016 individuals donated blood.The overall reaction rate of transfusion-transmitted diseases was 0.165%,with HBV(0.129%)being the most common.The positivity rate among first-time donors[P(FTDs)](0.310%)was significantly higher than that among repeat donors[P(RDs)](0.054%)(χ2=312.783,P<0.05).The serological residual risks for HBV,HCV,and HIV were 1∶188 090,1∶1 042 805,and 1∶392 995,respectively.During the five-year period,they decreased from 1∶129 495 to 1∶390 011,from 1∶697 002 to 1∶1 145 826,and from 1∶684 109 to 1∶1 067 317,respectively.The residual risks of HCV and HIV after NAT were 1∶22 369 329 and 1∶6 639 965,respectively,which were significantly reduced by 21.5-fold and 16.9-fold,and decreased steadily during the study period.Among the HBV-DNA(+)donors,61.8%(68/110)were RDs,and the residual risk was 1∶65 350.Conclusion This study demonstrates the remarkable effectiveness of introducing nucleic acid amplification technology(NAT)in reducing the residual risk of HBV,HCV,and HIV,particularly for HCV and HIV.The residual risk for HBV remains higher compared to HCV and HIV due to the discovery of occult HBV infections(OBI).Therefore,a crucial step toward further reducing this residual risk is the use of more sensitive reagents and detection platforms.Furthermore,implementing effective long-term incentive mechanisms and strategic planning to increase the proportion of repeat donors(RDs)is critical for enhancing transfusion safety.

A convenience sampling method was employed to recruit 445 food service employees from 67 Chinese restaurants across all 16 administrative districts of Beijing City from August to December in 2022. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding salt reduction and hypertension. The results revealed that awareness was highest for the statement "Hypertensive patients should reduce salt intake" (88.3%), while awareness of "China′s diagnostic criteria for hypertension" was the lowest (23.8%). Positive attitude endorsement rates were 96.0% for willingness to reduce salt, 95.3% for perceived self-efficacy in salt reduction, and 93.0% for agreement with a low-salt diet. Regarding behaviors, the rates of actively reducing salt when ordering takeout or dining out, using low-sodium salt, and using salt-reducing spoons were 73.7%, 45.4%, and 55.5%, respectively. The overall compliance rate for salt-reduction related behaviors was 73.9%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that: compared to the 18-29 age group, employees aged 30-39 ( OR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.16-4.14), 40-49 ( OR=3.36, 95% CI: 1.52-7.42), and 50-59 ( OR=3.25, 95% CI: 1.25-8.50) were significantly more likely to achieve compliance with salt-reduction behaviors; chefs were significantly more likely to achieve behavioral compliance compared to managerial staff ( OR=2.08, 95% CI: 1.08-3.98); employees in catering with adequate knowledge about salt reduction and hypertension were significantly more likely to exhibit behavioral compliance compared to those with inadequate knowledge ( OR=3.32, 95% CI: 1.83-5.92); employees in catering with positive attitudes towards salt reduction were significantly more likely to achieve behavioral compliance compared to those with negative attitudes ( OR=5.81, 95% CI: 2.05-16.43). In conclusion, food service employees in Beijing exhibit insufficient knowledge about salt intake and hypertension. While they demonstrate strong willingness to reduce salt, this does not consistently translate into action. Compliance with salt-reduction behaviors is influenced by age, education level, and job position. There is an urgent need to strengthen the dissemination of knowledge regarding high salt intake and hypertension and to implement personalized interventions targeting salt-reduction behaviors and skills.

Objective:To compile Pressure Injury Prevention Behavior Assessment Scale (Patient Version) and conduct reliability and validity test.Methods:Guided by the theory of "patient participation in patient safety" , an item pool was initially constructed through literature review and patient interview, and Delphi expert consultation method was used to evaluate and screen items. From October to November 2021, the convenient sampling method was adopted to select 160 inpatients of Orthopedics Department of West China Hospital of Sichuan University as research objects for questionnaire survey, project analysis, reliability and validity test.Results:The formed Pressure Injury Prevention Behavior Assessment Scale (Patient Version) contained 21 items in 3 dimensions. The Cronbach 's α coefficient was 0.947, and the broken half reliability coefficient was 0.873. The content validity index at scale level was 0.958, and the content validity index at item level was 0.909-1.000. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the three common factors was 61.931%. Conclusions:It is preliminarily verified that Pressure Injury Prevention Behavior Assessment Scale (Patient Version) has good reliability and validity, which can be used to evaluate the current situation of orthopaedic patients participating in the prevention of stress injury behavior and provide a basis for the corresponding intervention measures.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) of the multi-target cerebral cortex after stroke on functional recovery of the upper limb of the hemiplegic side. MethodsFrom November, 2019 to August, 2020, 40 stroke patients in Gansu Provine Hospital Rehabilitation Center were included and randomly divided into single-target stimulation group (n = 20) and multiple-target stimulation group (n = 20). Both groups underwent basic neurorehabilitation drug therapy and conventional rehabilitation exercises. The single-target stimulation group received repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) (iTBS mode) only in the primary motor cortex (M1) of the affected side. The multi-target stimulation group received rTMS (iTBS mode) in the cerebellar cortex of the healthy brain and M1 of the affected side, once a day, six days a week, for four weeks. Before and after treatment, the scores of Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) and modified Barthel Index (MBI), and the latency and amplitude of somatosensory-evoked potentials N20 were compared. ResultsNo serious adverse reaction occurred during treatment. After treatment, the scores of FMA-UE, MBI and ARAT, and the amplitude and latency of N20 improved in both groups (|t| > 3.478, |Z| > 2.243, P < 0.05); and the scores of FMA-UE and ARAT, and the amplitude of N20 were better in the multiple-target stimulation group than in the single-target stimulation group (t > 2.939, Z = -2.697, P < 0.01). ConclusionMulti-target stimulation is superior to single-target stimulation for improving upper limb motor function and N20 amplitude in the hemiplegics after stroke.

Objective:To understand the current situation of mood disorders in patients with thoracic and lumbar osteoporotic fractures and to preliminarily explore its influencing factors.Methods:A cross-sectional survey method was used to select 212 patients with thoracic and lumbar osteoporotic fractures from Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, from January 2018 to September 2020 as the research subjects. The general information questionnaire, Huaxi Emotional-distress Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used to investigate them.Results:The incidence of mood disorders in patients with thoracic and lumbar osteoporotic fractures was 10.38% (22/212). The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that age, days of injury, PSQI score and pain VAS score were the influencing factors of emotional disturbance in patients with thoracic and lumbar osteoporotic fractures ( t values were -3.72-7.66, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Patients with thoracic and lumbar osteoporotic fractures have mood disorders. Age, injury days, PSQI score and VAS score are related to the occurrence of mood disorders in patients with thoracic and lumbar osteoporotic fractures. More attention should be payed to the influencing factors of mood disorders in patients,and timely measures should be taken for individualized intervention.

Objective:To investigate the role and possible pathogenesis of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS).Methods:① In vivo, 24 SPFC57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into normal control group, ALI/ARDS model group, ethyl pyruvate (EP) treatment group and EP control group, with 6 mice in each group. The ALI/ARDS model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg LPS. Mice in normal control group and EP control group were intraperitoneally injected with the same amount of sterile normal saline. Then, mice in the EP treatment group and EP control group were intraperitoneally injected with 40 mg/kg HMGB1 inhibitor EP. After 6 hours, the mice were sacrificed and lung tissues were collected. The expressions of heparan sulfate (HS), syndecans-1 (SDC-1), heparanase (HPA) and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) in lung tissues were detected by immunofluorescence technique. Orbital blood of mice was collected and serum was extracted to detect the content of HMGB1 by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ② In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal control group, HUVECs damage group (treated with 1 mg/L LPS for 6 hours), HMGB1 group (treated with 1 μmol/L recombinant HMGB1 for 6 hours), HMGB1+EP group (treated with recombinant HMGB1 for 1 hour and then added 1 μmol/L EP for 6 hours), LPS+EP group (treated with LPS for 1 hour and then added 1 μmol/L EP for 6 hours), EP group (treated with 1 μmol/L EP for 6 hours). The expressions of HS, SDC-1, HPA and MMP-9 in endothelial cells were detected by immunofluorescence technique. Results:① In vivo, light microscopy showed that the alveolar space was thickened after LPS stimulation, and there were a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrating in the alveolar space. Compared with ALI/ARDS model group, the expressions of HS and SDC-1 in lung tissue of EP treatment group were significantly increased [HS (fluorescence intensity): 0.80±0.20 vs. 0.53±0.02, SDC-1 (fluorescence intensity): 0.72±0.02 vs. 0.51±0.01, both P < 0.05], and the expressions of HPA and MMP-9 were significantly decreased [HPA (fluorescence intensity): 2.36±0.05 vs. 3.00±0.04, MMP-9 (fluorescence intensity): 2.55±0.13 vs. 3.26±0.05, both P < 0.05]; there were no significant changes of the above indexes in EP control group. Compared with ALI/ARDS model group, the content of serum HMGB1 in EP treatment group decreased significantly (μg/L: 131.88±16.67 vs. 341.13±22.47, P < 0.05); there was no significant change in the EP control group. ② In vitro, compared with HMGB1 group, the expressions of HS and SDC-1 in HMGB1+EP group were significantly higher [HS (fluorescence intensity): 0.83±0.07 vs. 0.56±0.03, SDC-1 (fluorescence intensity): 0.80±0.01 vs. 0.61±0.01, both P < 0.05], and the expressions of HPA and MMP-9 were significantly lower [HPA (fluorescence intensity): 1.30±0.02 vs. 2.29±0.05, MMP-9 (fluorescence intensity): 1.55±0.04 vs. 2.50±0.06, both P < 0.05]; the expression of HS, SDC-1, HPA and MMP-9 had no significant changes in EP group. Conclusion:HMGB1 participates in LPS-induced injury of endothelial cell glycocalyx, leading to increased lung permeability, and inhibition of HMGB1 can alleviate lung injury.

This article reports two rare Crohn′s disease (CD) cases during infliximab maintenance treatment complicated with IgA vasculitis (IgAV) . Clinical characteristics, treatment, and pathogenesis of CD complicated with IgAV were discussed in details. Exploring the association between these two diseases is conducive to individualized treatment and improvement of patients′ prognosis.

This article reports two rare Crohn′s disease (CD) cases during infliximab maintenance treatment complicated with IgA vasculitis (IgAV) . Clinical characteristics, treatment, and pathogenesis of CD complicated with IgAV were discussed in details. Exploring the association between these two diseases is conducive to individualized treatment and improvement of patients′ prognosis.