Objective:To investigate the impact of olanzapine and risperidone on the cognitive function, sensory gating function and clinical symptoms of patients with first-episode schizophrenia(FES).Additionally, to analyze the correlation between sensory gating inhibitory deficits and cognitive impairment in FES patients.Methods:A total of 71 FES patients were selected in the Third People's Hospital of Zhongshan City from March 2023 to March 2024, and 60 healthy controls were recruited during the same period.The FES patients were divided into olanzapine group and risperidone group by random number table.Olanzapine group was treated with variable doses of olanzapine(10-20 mg/d), and risperidone group was treated with variable doses of risperidone(3-6 mg/d).The MATRICS consensus cognitive battery(MCCB) was used to evaluate the cognitive function of the patients, P50 index was measured by auditory paired condition-stimulus paradigm, and the efficacy was evaluated by positive and negative syndrome scale(PANSS) score reduction rate before and after 6 weeks of treatment.Healthy controls were assessed cognitive function only once with P50.SPSS 25.0 software was used for data processing. Perform statistical analysis using paired sample t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, independent sample t-test, Mann Whitney U test, χ2 test and generalized linear model. Results:Before treatment, the S2 amplitude of FES (1.74 (0.91, 2.79) μV) was higher than that of healthy controls (1.70 (1.04, 2.71) μV) (Wald χ2=4.483, P=0.034), the S2/S1 ratio of FES (0.58 (0.43, 0.78)) was higher than that of healthy controls (0.41 (0.31, 0.57)) (Wald χ2=10.909, P=0.001), and the difference of FES amplitude of S1-S2 was (1.22 (0.43, 1.92) μV) was lower than that of healthy controls (2.23 (1.54, 3.07) μV) (Wald χ2=17.679, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in PANSS, MCCB and P50 between olanzapine group and risperidone group before treatment (all P>0.05). After treatment, there was no significant difference in response rate between the two groups ( χ2=0.059, P=0.808), the PANSS scores were lower than those before treatment, the MCCB test results were higher than those before treatment (both P<0.05), and the P50 results were not statistically significant different compared with those before treatment (both P>0.05). The generalized linear model showed that the S1, S2 amplitude of the P50 had positive impact on the connection test score in the MCCB test ( β=0.466, P=0.020; β=0.879, P=0.009), other indicators were not found to have an impact on the test scores of the MCCB test (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Olanzapine and risperidone can significantly improve the cognitive function of FES, but the improvement of sensory gating deficits is limited. The pathogenic mechanism of sensory gating inhibitory deficits in FES may be different from that of cognitive dysfunction.

Objective:To investigate the impact of olanzapine and risperidone on the cognitive function, sensory gating function and clinical symptoms of patients with first-episode schizophrenia(FES).Additionally, to analyze the correlation between sensory gating inhibitory deficits and cognitive impairment in FES patients.Methods:A total of 71 FES patients were selected in the Third People's Hospital of Zhongshan City from March 2023 to March 2024, and 60 healthy controls were recruited during the same period.The FES patients were divided into olanzapine group and risperidone group by random number table.Olanzapine group was treated with variable doses of olanzapine(10-20 mg/d), and risperidone group was treated with variable doses of risperidone(3-6 mg/d).The MATRICS consensus cognitive battery(MCCB) was used to evaluate the cognitive function of the patients, P50 index was measured by auditory paired condition-stimulus paradigm, and the efficacy was evaluated by positive and negative syndrome scale(PANSS) score reduction rate before and after 6 weeks of treatment.Healthy controls were assessed cognitive function only once with P50.SPSS 25.0 software was used for data processing. Perform statistical analysis using paired sample t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, independent sample t-test, Mann Whitney U test, χ2 test and generalized linear model. Results:Before treatment, the S2 amplitude of FES (1.74 (0.91, 2.79) μV) was higher than that of healthy controls (1.70 (1.04, 2.71) μV) (Wald χ2=4.483, P=0.034), the S2/S1 ratio of FES (0.58 (0.43, 0.78)) was higher than that of healthy controls (0.41 (0.31, 0.57)) (Wald χ2=10.909, P=0.001), and the difference of FES amplitude of S1-S2 was (1.22 (0.43, 1.92) μV) was lower than that of healthy controls (2.23 (1.54, 3.07) μV) (Wald χ2=17.679, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in PANSS, MCCB and P50 between olanzapine group and risperidone group before treatment (all P>0.05). After treatment, there was no significant difference in response rate between the two groups ( χ2=0.059, P=0.808), the PANSS scores were lower than those before treatment, the MCCB test results were higher than those before treatment (both P<0.05), and the P50 results were not statistically significant different compared with those before treatment (both P>0.05). The generalized linear model showed that the S1, S2 amplitude of the P50 had positive impact on the connection test score in the MCCB test ( β=0.466, P=0.020; β=0.879, P=0.009), other indicators were not found to have an impact on the test scores of the MCCB test (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Olanzapine and risperidone can significantly improve the cognitive function of FES, but the improvement of sensory gating deficits is limited. The pathogenic mechanism of sensory gating inhibitory deficits in FES may be different from that of cognitive dysfunction.

Objective:To investigate the response of mandibular condylar chondroprogenitors to flow fluid shear stress(FFSS).Methods:Chondroprogenitors were in vitro cultured and stimulated with FFSS that can cause cell degeneration,and treated with sec-ond-generation high-throughput RNA sequencing.Differential gene expression was screened using DESeq2 software for gene ontology(GO)functional enrichment analysis,kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction(PPI)network analysis.qRT-PCR was performed to validate the core genes screened by PPI.Results:A total of 1996 differentially expressed genes were obtained,mainly including inflammatory response and cell cycle related molecules.Among them,Actal,Atf3,Ccl2,116,Nfkbia,Ret and Vcaml were identified as the core genes.Conclusion:FFSS stimulation affects chondroprogenitor function by acting on inflammatory responses and cell cycle-related signaling pathways in chondroprogenitors.

"Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century—A Vision and Strategy"proposed by the National Research Council of US has brought innovative directives and objectives for toxicity evaluation and risk assessment,pushing forward the next generation of toxicity testing and risk assessment.In this initiative,the concept of adverse outcome pathways(AOPs)has emerged as a prominent methodology,capturing the attention of toxicologists and researchers due to its promising applications in recent years.The quantitative AOP(qAOP)is an extension of the adverse outcome pathway,which is built upon the foundational qualitative adverse outcome pathway model and leverages mathematical frame-works to depict dose-response and/or response-response relationships.This article reviews the princi-ples and advancement surrounding qAOP,introduceds two prevalent methodologies for constructing qAOP,Bayesian network models and regression models,and demonstrates diverse applications of qAOP.Actual cases are used to underscore the transformative role of qAOP in contemporary toxicology and risk assessment practices.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid level and renal function decline by retrospective cohort study.Methods Through the physical examination system of the First People's Hospital of Foshan,the physical examination data from 2015 to 2018 of a public institution in Foshan city were obtained.The gender,age,blood cell analysis,liver function,serum creatinine,uric acid,fasting blood glucose were obtained.The change of eGFR (△eGFR=eGFR2018-eGFR2015) was analyzed.Results A total of 2505 subjects were followed up for four years.The subjects were divided into △eGFR ≥0 group and △eGFR ＜ 0 group.There were 845 subjects in △eGFR ≥0 group,and 1660 subjects in △eGFR ＜ 0 group.Compared with that in △eGFR ＜ 0 group,the base-level of uric acid in △eGFR ≥ 0 group was higher [(349.48±87.62) μmol/L vs (325.72±82.58) μmol/L,t=6.669,P ＜ 0.001],but the rate of uric acid decline was greater [-15.00(-53.50,17.00) μmol/L vs 15.50(-18.00,49.00) μmol/L,Z=-13.470,P ＜ 0.001].According to the levels of uric acid in 2015 and 2018,then the subjects were divided into four groups,normal to normal group (N-N,1551 cases),normal change into high uric acid group (N-H,299 cases),high uric acid drop to normal group (H-N,238 cases),and high to high uric acid group (H-H,417 cases).The △eGFR was-1.58(-4.17,1.01) ml · min-1 · (1.73 m2) 1 in N-N group,and-3.60(-7.24,-0.98) ml · min-1 · (1.73 m2)-1 in N-H group,-0.20(-3.14,3.27) ml· min-1· (1.73 m2)-1 in H-N group,-0.96(-4.07,1.93) ml· min-1· (1.73 m2)-1 in H-H group,respectively.The △eGFR decreased most significantly in N-H group than the other three groups (x2=103.130,P ＜ 0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that elevated uric acid was an independent risk factor for eGFR decline (OR=1.739,95％CI 1.587-1.906,P ＜ 0.001),while elevated indirect bilirubin (OR=0.968,95％CI 0.943-0.993,P=0.013),elevated red blood cells (OR=0.815,95％ CI 0.680-0.976,P=0.026) were independent protective factors for eGFR decline.Conclusion Elevated uric acid is an independent risk factor for the decline of renal function.Good control of hyperuricemia is beneficial to the protection of renal function.

Objective To investigate the effects of gemstone energy spectrum CT atomic number method and infrared spec-troscopy for analyzing the composition of urinary calculi and to compare their values in qualitative diagnosis of urinary calculi .Meth-ods Two hundreds and sixty cases of urinary tract stones were performed the gemstone spectrum CT urinary scanning and the stone composition was identified by atomic number method .After removing stone ,the stone composition analyzed by infrared spec-troscopy served as the gold standard .Then the consistency identified by the two methods was analyzed .Results The Kappa consis-tency test results showed that the two kinds of method for identifying stone type had good consistency (Kappa=0 .787 ,P<0 .01) . The paired chi square test results showed that the difference of the two methods for identifying the stone type had no statistical sig-nificance(χ2 =6 .581 ,P=0 .254) .The stone crystal composition types measured by gemstone energy spectrum CT atomic number method were less than those measured by infrared spectroscopy .The precise quantification of the stones with different crystal struc-tures was not as accurate as that of infrared spectroscopy (calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium oxalate dihydrate ) .Conclusion The two methods for analyzing theurinary stone composition all have clinical significance ,the stone analysis method should be se-lected according to the actual situation .

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and differential diagnosis of spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma ( SCRM) . Methods Three cases of SCRMs were analyzed by gross examination, microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Relevant lit-eratures were reviewed to summarize the diagnostic features of SCRM and its differential diagnosis. Results All the 3 cases were male infants aged from 2 days to 4 years. 2 cases were located in paratesticular and 1 in back. Tumors were all well-circumscribed but unen-capsulated, with white-gray cut surface, firmed and sized 2. 0 to 6. 0 cm in diameter. Histologically, tumors displayed invasive growth but were well-circumscribed. Tumor cells were spindle to round with eosinophilic cytoplasm and fascicular, storiform, wavy appear-ance. Horizontal structure and striated muscle brood cells were observed in some cells or local regions. A small amount of collagen fi-brils were observed in the mesenchymal components. The nucleus were long or fine wavy with unconspicuous nuclear atypia, mitosis could be occasional observed. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for vimentin, desmin, myogenin and MyoD1. CK,α-inhabin, AFP, CD34 and S-100 were negative. Conclusions SCRM is a rare and new type of rhabdomyosarcoma that commonly oc-curred in infant. It should be differentiated from other tumors, such as infantile fibromatosis, congenital fibrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, triton tumor, malignant melanoma of promoting the fibrous tissues.