Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a common digestive disease characterized by recurrence and remission alternation，which seriously affects the life quality and physical and mental health of patients. The pathogenesis of UC is complex，and studies have shown that the occurrence and development of UC are closely related to the transduction of multiple signaling pathways. The current western medicine treatment has many problems，such as single action target，more adverse reactions，poor patient tolerance，and easy recurrence after stopping the medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine has the advantages such as multi-targets，multi-pathways， and fewer adverse reactions， elucidating that the action mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of UC is the focus of current research. Therefore， this paper conducted a systematic review on how traditional Chinese medicine exerts therapeutic effects by regulating the signaling pathways related to UC in recent years，and it was found that traditional Chinese medicine can regulate nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB），adenylate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR），Janus tyrosine protein kinase （JAK）/signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT），phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K） /protein kinase B （Akt），NOD-like receptor thermoprotein structural domain-related protein 3 （NLRP3）/cysteine protease-1 （Caspase-1），nuclear respiratory factor 2 （Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）， and several other pathways，thereby inhibiting oxidative stress and cellular pyroptosis，regulating the Tregs/Th17 cellular balance， promoting autophagic response and M2-type macrophage polarization，restoring the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora，promoting the repair of intestinal mucosal barrier function，and alleviating the inflammatory damage of UC colonic tissues. The holistic concept and evidence-based treatment of traditional Chinese medicine were combined with the modern molecular mechanism research of traditional Chinese medicine， and the traditional Chinese medicine combinations with different mechanisms， following regulation， were formulated into compound formulas or pairs of medicines according to the pattern of evidence. It is expected to achieve better therapeutic efficacy and to provide ideas and references for the modification of classic compound formulae of traditional Chinese medicine in UC treatment and clinical translation.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the serological and molecular genetic characteristics of a family with subtype B(A)06. METHODS: A neonatal hyperbilirubinemia patient who was treated at Henan Children's Hospital on June 15, 2023 due to "yellowing of the skin and gradual aggravation", and was found to have inconsistent ABO forward and reverse typing through blood type testing, was selected as the research subject. Six milliliters of peripheral blood were collected from the newborn and her family members (grandfather, grandmother, father, mother and aunt) respectively. ABO blood group identification was performed by the blood group serological method. Human genomic DNA was extracted using the nucleic acid extraction or purification reagent BT-01. ABO gene exons 2 to 7 were amplified by PCR. The PCR-specific products that were successfully amplified were sequenced by Sanger method. Taking ABO*A1.01 as the reference sequence, the ABO gene sequences of the newborn and her family members were analyzed to determine the ABO genotype. The procedures followed in this study were approved by the Ethics Committee of Henan Children's Hospital (Ethics No.: 2022-K-L036). RESULTS: The serological results of ABO blood group showed that the newborn, her grandfather, father and aunt were all incompatible with the forward and reverse typing. The blood group phenotype of the newborn was AwB or B(A), the blood group phenotype of the grandfather was A2B or B(A), the blood group phenotype of the father and aunt were A2B, and the blood group phenotype of the grandmother and mother were both O. The screening test results of hemolytic disease of the newborn showed that the free test detected IgG anti-A1 antibody, while the elution test, direct antiglobulin test and antibody screening results were all negative. The Sanger sequencing results showed that the newborn had variations of c.261delG, c.297A>G, c.526C>G, c.657C>T, c.703G>A, c.796C>A and c.930G>A. Her grandfather had variations of c.297A>G, C.526C>G, c.657C>T, c.703G>A, c.796C>A, c.803G>C and c.930G>A. Her grandmother had variations of c.106G>T, c.188G>A, c.189C>T, c.220C>T, c.261delG, c.297A>G, c.646T>A, c.681G>A, c.771C>T and c.829G>A. Her father and aunt had variations of c.106G>T, c.188G>A, c.189C>T, c.220C>T, c.261delG, c.297A>G, c.526C>G, c.646T>A, c.657C>T, c.681G>A, c.703G>A, c.771C>T, c.796C>A, c.829G>A and c.930G>A. Her mother had variations of c.106G>T, c.188G>A, c.189C>T, c.220C>T, c.261delG, c.297A>G, c.646T>A, c.681G>A, c.771C>T, and c.829G>A.The genotype of the newborn was ABO*BA.06/ABO*O.01.01, her grandfather was ABO*BA.06/ABO*B.01, her grandmother was ABO*O.01.02/ABO*O.01.02, her father and aunt were ABO*BA.06/ABO*O.01.02, and her mother was ABO*O.01.01/ABO*O.01.02. The ABO*BA.06 allele of the newborn, grandfather, father and aunt was caused by the c.803C>G variation in exon 7 based on the ABO*B.01 allele. The ABO*BA.06 allele can be stably inherited in this family. CONCLUSION The blood type of neonatal patients with B(A)06 subtype can be accurately determined by gene sequencing technology. If the forward typing is ≤ 3+ agglutination intensity in newborn ABO blood group identification, the reason should be carefully analyzed, and the molecular biology technology and family gene sequencing results should be used to jointly determine if necessary.
Humans ; ABO Blood-Group System/genetics* ; Female ; Pedigree ; Male ; Infant, Newborn ; Asian People/genetics* ; Genotype ; China ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal/blood* ; East Asian People

[Objective] To perform genetic analysis on samples with weak agglutination and mixed agglutination of ABO blood group antigens in neonates, and to investigate the molecular biological characteristics of ABO subtypes in neonates. [Methods] Serological identification of ABO blood group was performed by tube method and microcolumn gel method. The ABO exons 2-7 were amplified by PCR, and the amplified products were sequenced by Sanger sequencing method to determine the genotype. [Results] Among the ABO blood group serological results of 14 neonates, 8 cases showed weakened A antigen, and 6 cases showed weakened B antigen. Seven samples were identified with ABO subtype alleles, with genotypes as A102/B101+c.538C>T, Aw26/B102, A205/O02, A205/B101(2 cases), Aw26/O02, B(A)06/O01, B101/O01(3 cases), A102/O01(2 cases), A102/B101 and B101/O02. Additionally, three other family members were also found to carry B(A)06 allele in a pedigree investigation. [Conclusion] For samples showing weakened antigens in ABO blood type identification of neonates, it is necessary to consider the possibility of ABO subtype in addition to age factors, and genetic testing can be used to prevent missed detection of ABO subtypes in neonates.

Objective: To explore the positive rate and distribution characteristics of unexpected antibodies in hospitalized children. Methods: A total of 22 336 hospitalized pediatric patients admitted to Henan Children's Hospital from August 2018 to September 2022 were selected as the research subjects, and their relevant clinical data were collected. Blood samples of the patients were subjected to blood type identification and unexpected antibody screening. For samples with positive screening results, further antibody specificity identification was conducted using panel cells. The distribution patterns of unexpected antibodies across different genders, age groups, blood types, and disease categories were analyzed, and inter-group differences were compared. Results: Of the 22 336 patients, 286 (1.3%) tested positive for unexpected antibodies. The most frequently identified specificities belonged to the MNS blood group system (45.1%, 129/286), followed by the Rh system (24.5%, 70/286) and antibodies of undetermined specificity (24.5%, 70/286). Less common specificities included those from the P blood group system (2.4%, 7/286), Lewis blood group system (1.4%, 4/286), mixed antibodies from multiple systems (0.9%, 3/286), drug-induced antibodies (0.7%, 2/286), and LW blood group system (0.3%, 1/286). Within the MNS blood group system, anti-M was the most prevalent (129 cases). In the Rh blood group system, anti-E (30 cases, 10.5%) and anti-D (28 cases, 9.8%) were the main antibodies detected; other antibodies included anti-DE (4 cases, 1.4%), anti-DC (3 cases, 1.0%), anti-Ec (3 cases, 1.0%), and anti-c (2 cases, 0.7%). Only anti-P was identified in the P blood group system (7 cases), while anti-Lea was found in the Lewis blood group system (4 cases) and anti-LW in the LW blood group system (1 case). Mixed antibodies from multiple systems consisted of anti-D+Fy , anti-e+Fy , and anti-Le +P , with 1 case (0.3%) each. Among the antibodies with undefined specificity, 26 cases were autoantibodies. All drug-induced antibodies were anti-CD38 (2 cases). The distribution of unexpected antibodies showed statistically significant differences among different genders, ages, and ABO blood types (P<0.05). Regarding age distribution, Rh blood group antibodies associated with hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) were predominant in the 0-1 month group, which differed significantly from all other age groups (P<0.001). In contrast, anti-M was predominant in children over 1 year of age (89.0%), while anti-E was detected in only 3 cases (10.0%) in children over 3 years old. After Bonferroni correction (α' = 0.003 3), a statistically significant difference was observed only between the 6-17 year group and the 1-3 year group (P=0.003). Among ABO blood types, type B had the highest antibody detection rate. Following Bonferroni correction (α' ≈ 0.008 3), a significant difference in detection rates was found solely between type B and type O blood (P=0.005), with no statistically significant differences among other blood types (P>0.008 3). Conclusion: In hospitalized pediatric patients, unexpected antibodies were mainly distributed in the MNS and Rh blood group systems, with anti-M being the most commonly detected specificity and anti-E the most prevalent within the Rh system.. Sex, age and blood type significantly influence the development of unexpected antibodies. Clinically, it is necessary to pay attention to the prenatal monitoring of unexpected antibodies in pregnant women, so as to achieve homotypic transfusion of other Rh antigens as early as possible.

Objective·To construct a pH-responsive manganese-based nanoprobe and explore the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy/ferroptosis synergistic treatment in breast cancer and the effect of pH-responsive magnetic resonance-activated imaging.Methods·BSA-MnO2@CPT(BMC)nanoprobes were prepared by biomineralization,and their physicochemical properties were characterized by transmission electron microscope(TEM)and dynamic light scattering.The magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)was used to evaluate the pH-responsive MRI T1 activation and time-dependent activation efficacy at the cellular level,with quantitative analysis of MRI T1 signal intensity.The reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation and glutathione(GSH)depletion by BMC nanoprobes were respectively detected by methylene blue(MB)and DTNB in vitro.The synergistic efficacy of chemotherapy and ferroptosis mediated by the nanoprobes in 4T1 breast cancer cells was evaluated using the Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide(MTT)assay.After co-incubation 4T1 cells with BMC,intracellular ROS levels were determined through the staining of ROS fluorescence indicator 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)and the level of lipid peroxide(LPO)expression was detected by using BODIPY581/591 C11 probe.A subcutaneous xenograft tumor model of 4T1 breast cancer was established in mice,with four experimental groups:Control group(PBS group),CPT group,BSA-MnO2(BM)group,and BMC group.The pH-responsive T1 activation effect of the BMC nanoprobes was dynamically monitored in vivo,while the ferroptosis-based antitumor efficacy was evaluated by measuring tumor volume and ferroptosis biomarkers(LPO and ROS).Results·TEM revealed that the prepared BMC nanoprobes exhibited a spherical morphology with an average diameter of approximately 150 nm.The MRI results demonstrated that the nanoprobes were pH-activable,exhibiting progressively enhanced T1 signal intensity under acidic conditions,and displaying pH-dependent r1 relaxivity enhancement.These findings validated their dual pH/time-responsive activation efficacy at the cellular level.In vitro solution-level MB and DTNB assays demonstrated that the BMC nanoprobes effectively enhanced the generation of ROS and the consumption of GSH.Fluorescence staining with DCFH-DA and BODIPY581/591 C11 demonstrated that the combination of ferroptosis effect and chemotherapy significantly enhanced intracellular generation of ROS and LPO accumulation.The MTT assay demonstrated that the survival rate of tumor cells significantly decreased to 17%(P=0.003).In vivo MRI demonstrated that the T1 signal was significantly enhanced and reached its peak at 4 h after tail vein injection of the BMC nanoprobes.Furthermore,in vivo antitumor therapy showed that the BMC group exhibited upregulated levels of LPO and ROS in tumor tissues,accompanied by marked tumor suppression(P=0.009).Conclusion·The pH-responsive theranostic BMC nanoprobes enhances antitumor efficacy via the synergistic interaction of chemotherapy and ferroptosis,while enabling tumor microenvironment-activated MRI.

Paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury is a serious neurological complication, for which surgery is currently the main treatment method. Due to different surgical approaches, patients are usually expected to maintain a passive prone position for a long time or switch between the supine and prone positions. Affected by multiple factors such as neurogenic sensory disorders, pathological changes in muscle tone and operative duration, the risk of intraoperative acquired pressure injury (IAPI) is significantly increased. Current clinical prevention strategies for IAPI in these patients predominantly focus on localized pressure relief during positioning, lacking systematic, standardized comprehensive prevention protocols or evidence-based guidelines. To address it, Department of Nursing, Orthopedics Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Spinal Trauma Professional Committee, Orthopedics Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Nursing Group of Spine and Spinal Cord Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine organized experts in relevant fields to formulate Guideline for the prevention of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medical evidence and latest research results and clinical practice at home and abroad. Eleven recommendations were put forward from the aspects of preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative prevention strategies, postoperative handover and monitoring, and supportive mechanisms for IAPI prevention, aiming to standardize the prevention measures and management strategies of IAPI in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury and accelerate the recovery of patients and improve the therapeutic effect.

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

Objective·To prepare self-assembled drug-loaded nanoprobes with activatable chemical exchange saturation transfer(CEST)imaging capability,and evaluate their imaging performance and therapeutic potential for photodynamic-sensitized pyroptosis in breast cancer in vivo and in vitro.Methods·GC nanoprobes co-loaded with gemcitabine(Gem)and chlorin e6(Ce6)were constructed by using a self-assembly strategy.The physicochemical properties of the GC nanoprobes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and dynamic light scattering(DLS).The pH-/time-dependent CEST activation and drug release profiles were investigated.The 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)probe was used to detect the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the release of inflammatory factors such as interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-18 in mouse breast cancer 4T1 cells after treatment with GC nanoprobes with synergistic laser irradiation.Immunofluorescence was performed to detect immunogenic cell death(ICD)markers,including calreticulin(CRT)and high mobility group box 1 protein(HMGB1).The 4T1 breast cancer mouse models were established to validate tumor-specific CEST activation and evaluate anti-tumor efficacy by measuring tumor volume and detecting inflammatory factors and ICD markers.Results·SEM and DLS confirmed the uniform spherical morphology of the GC nanoprobes.The CEST imaging results showed that the nanoprobes had excellent pH-concentration and time-dependent activation imaging effects both in the simulated acidic microenvironment and at the cellular level in vitro.The drug release from this drug-loaded nanoprobe was 80％at pH 5.0,which was significantly higher than at pH 7.4(P=0.003).DCFH-DA fluorescence staining demonstrated that GC-mediated photodynamic therapy induced a significant generation of ROS.Analysis of pyroptosis-related factors revealed a marked increase in the release levels of IL-1β and IL-18(both P＜0.05),along with elevated fluorescence expression of CRT and HMGB1.The in vivo CEST imaging results showed that the CEST signal at the tumor site was significantly enhanced,peaking at 4 h with tail vein injection of GC.The GC nanoprobes with synergistic laser irradiation group showed markedly elevated inflammatory factors(IL-1β,IL-18),changed ICD biomarkers(HMGB1 and CRT),and significant tumor suppression,compared to the PBS control group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion·The GC nanoprobes enables specific CEST imaging-guided photodynamic therapy,effectively inducing pyroptosis and precise ablation of breast cancer.

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

Objective·To construct a pH-responsive manganese-based nanoprobe and explore the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy/ferroptosis synergistic treatment in breast cancer and the effect of pH-responsive magnetic resonance-activated imaging.Methods·BSA-MnO2@CPT(BMC)nanoprobes were prepared by biomineralization,and their physicochemical properties were characterized by transmission electron microscope(TEM)and dynamic light scattering.The magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)was used to evaluate the pH-responsive MRI T1 activation and time-dependent activation efficacy at the cellular level,with quantitative analysis of MRI T1 signal intensity.The reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation and glutathione(GSH)depletion by BMC nanoprobes were respectively detected by methylene blue(MB)and DTNB in vitro.The synergistic efficacy of chemotherapy and ferroptosis mediated by the nanoprobes in 4T1 breast cancer cells was evaluated using the Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide(MTT)assay.After co-incubation 4T1 cells with BMC,intracellular ROS levels were determined through the staining of ROS fluorescence indicator 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)and the level of lipid peroxide(LPO)expression was detected by using BODIPY581/591 C11 probe.A subcutaneous xenograft tumor model of 4T1 breast cancer was established in mice,with four experimental groups:Control group(PBS group),CPT group,BSA-MnO2(BM)group,and BMC group.The pH-responsive T1 activation effect of the BMC nanoprobes was dynamically monitored in vivo,while the ferroptosis-based antitumor efficacy was evaluated by measuring tumor volume and ferroptosis biomarkers(LPO and ROS).Results·TEM revealed that the prepared BMC nanoprobes exhibited a spherical morphology with an average diameter of approximately 150 nm.The MRI results demonstrated that the nanoprobes were pH-activable,exhibiting progressively enhanced T1 signal intensity under acidic conditions,and displaying pH-dependent r1 relaxivity enhancement.These findings validated their dual pH/time-responsive activation efficacy at the cellular level.In vitro solution-level MB and DTNB assays demonstrated that the BMC nanoprobes effectively enhanced the generation of ROS and the consumption of GSH.Fluorescence staining with DCFH-DA and BODIPY581/591 C11 demonstrated that the combination of ferroptosis effect and chemotherapy significantly enhanced intracellular generation of ROS and LPO accumulation.The MTT assay demonstrated that the survival rate of tumor cells significantly decreased to 17%(P=0.003).In vivo MRI demonstrated that the T1 signal was significantly enhanced and reached its peak at 4 h after tail vein injection of the BMC nanoprobes.Furthermore,in vivo antitumor therapy showed that the BMC group exhibited upregulated levels of LPO and ROS in tumor tissues,accompanied by marked tumor suppression(P=0.009).Conclusion·The pH-responsive theranostic BMC nanoprobes enhances antitumor efficacy via the synergistic interaction of chemotherapy and ferroptosis,while enabling tumor microenvironment-activated MRI.