Objective To investigate serum exosomal miRNA spectrum in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and eval-uate its clinical value in the diagnosis of GDM complicated with premature delivery.Methods Serum samples of pregnant women with GDM registered and delivered in our hospital were collected and divided into the premature delivery group and term labor group based on pregnancy outcomes,with 22 cases in each group.Serum exosomal miRNAs were sequenced,and the differentially expressed miRNAs were further verified by fluorescence quantitative PCR.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drew according to the verified expression level of miRNAs,and the value of exosomal miRNAs in the diagnosis of GDM complicated with premature de-livery was analyzed.The potential functions of candidate miRNAs were predicted using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG).Results A total of 94 differentially expressed miRNAs,including 50 up-regulated and 44 down-regulated,were identified in the premature delivery group and term labor group.The verification results of fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that 7 miRNAs had significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).Moreover,the expression trend was consistent with the sequencing results.The analysis results of the ROC curve showed that the seven miRNAs had good diagnostic efficacy for GDM combined with premature delivery.The areas under the ROC curve(AUCROC)of hsa-miR-16-5p,hsa-miR-25-3p,hsa-miR-30b-5p,and hsa-miR-92a-3p were all more than 0.7.Their sensitivity and specificity were 0.375 and 1.000,0.563 and 0.941,0.563 and 0.824,and 0.765 and 0.647,respectively.The binary logistic regression analysis showed that the AUCROC of the combination of hsa-miR-16-5p,hsa-miR-25-3p,hsa-miR-30b-5p,and hsa-miR-92a-3p for the diagnosis of GDM complicated with premature delivery increased to 0.982,and that its sensi-tivity and specificity were both more than 0.850.These candidate miRNAs were related to the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathway,actin cytoskeleton regulatory pathway,mTOR signaling pathway,and P53 signaling pathway.Conclusion Serum exosomal miRNAs in GDM patients complicated with premature delivery have significant difference,which may be served as potential diagnostic markers.

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

Objective:To investigate the effects of propionic acid produced by Akkermansia muciniphila on the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer and the underlying mechanism. Methods:Normal human colon mucosal epithelial cells (NCM460) were used to determine the appropriate concentration of propionic acid. Human colorectal cancer cells (HCT-8) were treated with A. muciniphila-conditioned medium or propionic acid, followed by exposure to 6 Gy γ-ray irradiation, and cell survival and proliferation were measured by clone formation assay and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, respectively. A mouse model of colorectal cancer was established using azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate. The mice were divided into control model group, irradiation group, and irradiation+ propionic acid group. Their body weight, colorectal length, tumor count, and tumor area were recorded. The radiosensitizing effect of propionic acid was assessed with HE staining, immunohistochemical staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mechanism was explored by using RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Results:CCK-8 assay showed that 1-mmol/L propionic acid had no significant effect on the proliferation of NCM460 cells ( P>0.05), which was used for subsequent experiments. Pretreated with A. muciniphila-conditioned medium or propionic acid, the survival and proliferation abilities of irradiated HCT cells were significantly decreased ( t=3.14-34.98, P<0.05). Compared with the irradiation group, the colorectal cancer mice in the irradiation+ propionic acid group showed a significantly longer colorectal length ( t=3.50, P<0.05) and a significantly smaller number of tumors ( t=3.48, P<0.05); the two groups had significantly smaller tumor areas than the control model group ( t=5.97, 7.30, P<0.05). HE staining and immunohistochemical staining showed that propionic acid restored colorectal structure, and decreased Ki67 expression in colorectal tissue ( t=14.50, 3.40, P<0.05). Propionic acid treatment significantly reduced the levels of the inflammatory factors interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, as compared with the mice receiving irradiation alone ( t=4.86, 5.06, P<0.05). Irradiation plus propionic acid treatment significantly increased p53 expression and significantly aggravated G 2/M phase block and cell apoptosis ( t=20.35, 13.05, P<0.05). Conclusions:The A. muciniphila metabolite propionic acid plays a sensitizing role in radiation therapy for colorectal cancer by promoting G 2/M phase block and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells.

Objective:To analyze the immunization status of routine vaccines for children aged 0-7 years old with special health status in Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, from 2023 to 2024.Methods:From April 2023 to March 2024, 42 vaccination units in Tianhe District, Guangzhou, were organized to collect data on diseases and vaccination history of children with special health status. Vaccination rates were calculated, and multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the impact of special health status on vaccination rates.Results:A total of 1 976 children aged 0-7 years old with special health status were included, with an average of (1.26±0.58) diseases per participant. The average number of vaccine doses administered for routine immunizations was (14.29±4.27), and the full vaccination coverage was 72.76%. The vaccination rate of 10 doses in the immunization program vaccine was less than 90.00%. The timely rate of the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB1) was 74.14%, and that of the first dose of measles vaccine (MCV1) was 63.93%. Compared with children with infectious diseases, those with neonatal diseases were more likely to miss the third dose of poliomyelitis vaccine (PV3), MCV1 and the second dose of Group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV-A2). Those with neuromuscular system diseases were more likely to miss PV3, MPSV-A2 and the first dose of Japanese encephalitis vaccine, live (JE-L1). Those with congenital heart disease were more likely to miss PV3, the third dose of diphtheria tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP3), MCV1, MPSV-A2, and JE-L1. Those with hematological disorders were more likely to miss PV3, MCV1, MPSV-A2, and JE-L1. Those with genetic diseases were more likely to miss MPSV-A2. Those with comorbidities were more likely to miss MCV1 and MPSV-A2. Those with neonatal diseases, neuromuscular system diseases, congenital heart disease, hematopoietic system diseases, genetic diseases, or comorbidities had difficulties in completing the full vaccination process.Conclusion:Children with special health conditions have lower rates of routine immunization and timely vaccination. More measures are needed to improve vaccination rates.

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

Objective:To investigate the effects of propionic acid produced by Akkermansia muciniphila on the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer and the underlying mechanism. Methods:Normal human colon mucosal epithelial cells (NCM460) were used to determine the appropriate concentration of propionic acid. Human colorectal cancer cells (HCT-8) were treated with A. muciniphila-conditioned medium or propionic acid, followed by exposure to 6 Gy γ-ray irradiation, and cell survival and proliferation were measured by clone formation assay and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, respectively. A mouse model of colorectal cancer was established using azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate. The mice were divided into control model group, irradiation group, and irradiation+ propionic acid group. Their body weight, colorectal length, tumor count, and tumor area were recorded. The radiosensitizing effect of propionic acid was assessed with HE staining, immunohistochemical staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mechanism was explored by using RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Results:CCK-8 assay showed that 1-mmol/L propionic acid had no significant effect on the proliferation of NCM460 cells ( P>0.05), which was used for subsequent experiments. Pretreated with A. muciniphila-conditioned medium or propionic acid, the survival and proliferation abilities of irradiated HCT cells were significantly decreased ( t=3.14-34.98, P<0.05). Compared with the irradiation group, the colorectal cancer mice in the irradiation+ propionic acid group showed a significantly longer colorectal length ( t=3.50, P<0.05) and a significantly smaller number of tumors ( t=3.48, P<0.05); the two groups had significantly smaller tumor areas than the control model group ( t=5.97, 7.30, P<0.05). HE staining and immunohistochemical staining showed that propionic acid restored colorectal structure, and decreased Ki67 expression in colorectal tissue ( t=14.50, 3.40, P<0.05). Propionic acid treatment significantly reduced the levels of the inflammatory factors interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, as compared with the mice receiving irradiation alone ( t=4.86, 5.06, P<0.05). Irradiation plus propionic acid treatment significantly increased p53 expression and significantly aggravated G 2/M phase block and cell apoptosis ( t=20.35, 13.05, P<0.05). Conclusions:The A. muciniphila metabolite propionic acid plays a sensitizing role in radiation therapy for colorectal cancer by promoting G 2/M phase block and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells.

Objective To investigate serum exosomal miRNA spectrum in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and eval-uate its clinical value in the diagnosis of GDM complicated with premature delivery.Methods Serum samples of pregnant women with GDM registered and delivered in our hospital were collected and divided into the premature delivery group and term labor group based on pregnancy outcomes,with 22 cases in each group.Serum exosomal miRNAs were sequenced,and the differentially expressed miRNAs were further verified by fluorescence quantitative PCR.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drew according to the verified expression level of miRNAs,and the value of exosomal miRNAs in the diagnosis of GDM complicated with premature de-livery was analyzed.The potential functions of candidate miRNAs were predicted using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG).Results A total of 94 differentially expressed miRNAs,including 50 up-regulated and 44 down-regulated,were identified in the premature delivery group and term labor group.The verification results of fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that 7 miRNAs had significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).Moreover,the expression trend was consistent with the sequencing results.The analysis results of the ROC curve showed that the seven miRNAs had good diagnostic efficacy for GDM combined with premature delivery.The areas under the ROC curve(AUCROC)of hsa-miR-16-5p,hsa-miR-25-3p,hsa-miR-30b-5p,and hsa-miR-92a-3p were all more than 0.7.Their sensitivity and specificity were 0.375 and 1.000,0.563 and 0.941,0.563 and 0.824,and 0.765 and 0.647,respectively.The binary logistic regression analysis showed that the AUCROC of the combination of hsa-miR-16-5p,hsa-miR-25-3p,hsa-miR-30b-5p,and hsa-miR-92a-3p for the diagnosis of GDM complicated with premature delivery increased to 0.982,and that its sensi-tivity and specificity were both more than 0.850.These candidate miRNAs were related to the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathway,actin cytoskeleton regulatory pathway,mTOR signaling pathway,and P53 signaling pathway.Conclusion Serum exosomal miRNAs in GDM patients complicated with premature delivery have significant difference,which may be served as potential diagnostic markers.

Objective:To review and analyze obesity-related research projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) to understand the overall landscape and hotspots of approval in this field, and to provide reference for subsequent applicants.Methods:To assess the funding situation of obesity-related projects from 2014 to 2023, we used " obesity" as a search term to extract project information from ZCOOL, LetPub, and MedSci databases. The data were organized, frequency statistics were performed, and results were presented visually using Excel spreadsheets.Results:Over the past 10 years, the NSFC has funded a total of 778 obesity-related research projects with a funding amount of 350 million yuan, showing a constant upward trend. In terms of project types, general projects and youth projects accounted for 87.66%, with other categories, such as key projects, regional projects, major research plans, and international collaboration projects, providing diversified support for obesity research. In terms of disciplinary distribution, obesity-related projects encompass not only medical and life sciences but also fields such as chemistry, information science, earth science, mathematical sciences, management, and others, demonstrating the interdisciplinary integration of research. The primary research directions include obesity prevention and treatment and obesity-related complications. Regional analysis indicates that the issue of uneven development among provinces persists in obesity research.Conclusion:The continuous investment of NSFC in obesity-related research has contributed to the advancement of obesity research in China, enabling the country to play a leading role in the international field.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors for in-hospital malignant ventricular arrhythmia (MVA) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to construct and validate a risk prediction model.Methods:This study was a retrospective cohort study. Patients aged≥18 years who were admitted to Qilu Hospital of Shandong University with a diagnosis of AMI and underwent coronary angiography (CAG) from May 2016 to March 2023 were selected, and the patients' clinical routine test indicators and CAG results were collected. Univariate and bidirectional stepwise logistic regression were used to screen out the risk factors for constructing the best prediction model. The prediction model was constructed by combining the results of multivariate logistic regression. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test and ROC curve, calibration curve, and decision curve were drawn to evaluate the model. The nomogram was drawn to visualize the model, and the Bootstrap self-sampling method was used for internal validation. The ROC curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive performance of each risk factor and prediction model. Finally, a multicollinearity test was performed.Results:Among the 4 205 patients finally included in the study, 115 patients (2.735%) developed MVA during hospitalization. The predictive factors screened out included age (X1), diastolic blood pressure (X2), respiratory rate (X3), blood glucose (X4), serum potassium (X5), logarithmic NT-proBNP (X6), myocardial infarction type (NSTEMI=X7, unclassified=X8), J wave (X9), Killip grade (Ⅱ=X10, Ⅲ=X11, Ⅳ=X12), and the regression equation was ln(p/1-p)=-4.699+0.029×X1-0.012×X2+0.059×X3+0.148×X4-1.175×X5+0.866×X6-1.427×X7-0.475×X8+0.758×X9+0.294×X10+0.902×X11+1.815×X12. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the model was 0.855 (95% CI: 0.816-0.894), and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test ( χ2=14.178, P=0.077) and the calibration curve showed that the predicted probability was consistent with the actual probability. The probability threshold of 0% to 65% had a better clinical net benefit. The area under the internal validation ROC curve (AUC) was 0.855, 95% CI: 0.813-0.891. The prediction performance of the nine variables was stronger than that of any single variable. There was no multicollinearity between the variables. Conclusions:Age, diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, blood glucose, serum potassium, NT-proBNP, type of AMI, J wave, and Killip class are forecasting indicator for in-hospital MVA in AMI. The risk prediction model based on the above factors has good predictive performance.

Objective:To review and analyze obesity-related research projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) to understand the overall landscape and hotspots of approval in this field, and to provide reference for subsequent applicants.Methods:To assess the funding situation of obesity-related projects from 2014 to 2023, we used " obesity" as a search term to extract project information from ZCOOL, LetPub, and MedSci databases. The data were organized, frequency statistics were performed, and results were presented visually using Excel spreadsheets.Results:Over the past 10 years, the NSFC has funded a total of 778 obesity-related research projects with a funding amount of 350 million yuan, showing a constant upward trend. In terms of project types, general projects and youth projects accounted for 87.66%, with other categories, such as key projects, regional projects, major research plans, and international collaboration projects, providing diversified support for obesity research. In terms of disciplinary distribution, obesity-related projects encompass not only medical and life sciences but also fields such as chemistry, information science, earth science, mathematical sciences, management, and others, demonstrating the interdisciplinary integration of research. The primary research directions include obesity prevention and treatment and obesity-related complications. Regional analysis indicates that the issue of uneven development among provinces persists in obesity research.Conclusion:The continuous investment of NSFC in obesity-related research has contributed to the advancement of obesity research in China, enabling the country to play a leading role in the international field.