Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of a pertussis outbreak in Guangzhou, so as to provide references for outbreak response and prevention strategies. Methods: From April 5 to June 9, 2024, case screening was conducted among 246 preschool children, 35 staff members, and one full time school nurse in a kindergarten in Guangzhou based on case definition. Field epidemiological investigation methods were employed to collect relevant information, and screening samples were collected from individuals involved in the outbreak. The clinical manifestations, epidemiological characteristics, and risk factors for transmission of the outbreak were analyzed, with rate comparisons performed using the χ 2 test. Results: There were a total of 15 confirmed cases of pertussis in the kindergarten. The main clinical manifestations included intermittent cough in 14 cases ( 93.33 %), sputum production in 5 cases (33.33%), fever in 2 cases (13.33%), paroxysmal spasmodic cough in 1 case (6.67%), and vomiting in 1 case (6.67%). There was no statistically significant difference in the reporting rates of interrupted cough symptoms between pertussis cases (93.33%) and non pertussis cases (92.86%)( χ 2=3.74, P >0.05). The cases were aged 4-5 years, including 5 males and 10 females. The interval between symptom onset and diagnosis ranged from 2 to 25 days, with a median of 10 days. The outbreak involved two classes, with attack rates of 48.28% and 3.45%, respectively. Laboratory testing confirmed 14 close contacts positive for Bordetella pertussisnucleic acid. Among close contacts, only one received prophylactic medication as required. Conclusion The outbreak is a pertussis outbreak in a kindergarten caused by Bordetella pertussis infection, demonstrating distinct temporal and spatial clustering characteristics.

Objective To screen the predictors of early initiation of continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)in children with sepsis and construct a linear model,based on LASSO regression analysis.Methods A total of 55 children diagnosed with sepsis at Jiangmen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital from April 2023 to February 2025.They were divided into CRRT group(n=17)and non-CRRT group(n=38)based on CRRT treatment usage.Using LASSO regression screening,predictive factors were identified and a Logistic regression model was established.The model's performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and calibration curve.Results There were significant differences in age,respiratory rate,body temperature,and mechanical ventilation between two groups(P＜0.05).Through LASSO regression analysis,four independent predictors of respiratory rate,body temperature,blood glucose,and C-reactive protein were identified.The constructed model demonstrated an area under the ROC curve of 0.94(95％CI:0.87-1.00),indicating good calibration accuracy.Conclusion The column line model based on body temperature,respiratory rate,blood glucose and C-reactive protein can effectively predict the need for early initiation of CRRT in sepsis children.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Dingkun Dan(DKD)in polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)by examining the effects of microRNA-30d-5p on ovarian granulosa cells(GCs).Methods A PCOS rat model was established using dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA).Normal rat GCs and PCOS rat GCs were cultured in vitro and divided into four groups:blank control group,model group,low-dose DKD group,and high-dose DKD group.After grouping,GCs viability was assessed using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay,GCs apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry,and the gene expression of transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1),Smad2,Smad3,and microRNA-30d-5p in GCs was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),protein expression of TGF-β1,Smad2,and Smad3 in GCs was detected by Western Blot.Results Compared with the blank control group,the model group exhibited significantly decreased GCs viability,increased GCs apoptosis,upregulated mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1,Smad2,and Smad3,and downregulated microRNA-30d-5p expression,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,both low-and high-dose DKD groups showed increased GCs viability,reduced GCs apoptosis,downregulated mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1 Smad2 and Smad3,elevated microRNA-30d-5p expression,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion DKD promotes GCs proliferation by targeting Smad2 via microRNA-30d-5p,suggesting a potential therapeutic role in PCOS-related ovulatory dysfunction.

Objective To screen the predictors of early initiation of continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)in children with sepsis and construct a linear model,based on LASSO regression analysis.Methods A total of 55 children diagnosed with sepsis at Jiangmen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital from April 2023 to February 2025.They were divided into CRRT group(n=17)and non-CRRT group(n=38)based on CRRT treatment usage.Using LASSO regression screening,predictive factors were identified and a Logistic regression model was established.The model's performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and calibration curve.Results There were significant differences in age,respiratory rate,body temperature,and mechanical ventilation between two groups(P＜0.05).Through LASSO regression analysis,four independent predictors of respiratory rate,body temperature,blood glucose,and C-reactive protein were identified.The constructed model demonstrated an area under the ROC curve of 0.94(95％CI:0.87-1.00),indicating good calibration accuracy.Conclusion The column line model based on body temperature,respiratory rate,blood glucose and C-reactive protein can effectively predict the need for early initiation of CRRT in sepsis children.

Objective To form the expert consensus on the limb management of patients with transvenous temporary cardiac pacing,standardize the limb management of patients with transvenous temporary cardiac pacing,and reduce complications related to the limb.Methods Using evidence-based methods,the evidence in this field was searched,evaluated and summarized,and relevant recommendations and research conclusions were extracted and classified by the level of evidence quality,and then the first draft of the consensus was formed.From December 2023 to January 2024,through 2 rounds of expert consultation and 4 rounds of expert meetings,the content was adjusted and the consensus was reached.Results Totally 16 experts participated in the consultation.The positive coefficient is 100%;the authoritative coefficient is 0.847 and 0.836;the average value of each index is more than＞3.8;the coefficient of variation is less than 0.21.The Kendall's harmony coefficient of the 2 rounds of expert consultation is 0.372 and 0.314,respectively,which were statistically significant.The consensus covers the preoperative,intraoperative and postoperative on limb management of patients with transvenous temporary cardiac pacing.Totally 11 themes were involved,including the preoperative preparation,position and catheter fixation in operation,position and catheter fixation in postoperative,activity,turn and transfer,duty shift on limb,nursing care after withdrawal of the catheter,prevention of deep vein thrombosis of the operative limb and prevent infection.Conclusion The consensus is highly scientific,and it is helpful to standardize the limb management of patients with transvenous temporary cardiac pacing.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy,safety and economy of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6(CDK4/6)inhibitors for the first-line treatment of hormone receptors positive(HR+),human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative(HER2-)advanced breast cancer(ABC)by rapid health technology assessment,and to provide evidence for clinicians and policymakers.Methods PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,CNKI,WanFang Data,VIP databases and the official website of health technology assessment(HTA)agency were electronically searched to collect clinical evidence and literature of CDK4/6 inhibitors in the treatment of HR+/HER2-ABC from the inception to December 31,2023.Two reviewers independently identified studies,extracted data,assessed the quality of included studies,and descriptively analyzed and summarised the results.Results A total of 33 articles were included,including 9 systematic reviews/Meta-analyses,15 pharmacoeconomic studies and 9 HTA reports.In terms of efficacy,compared with endocrine therapy alone,the addition of CDK4/6 inhibitors significantly improved progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)in patients with HR+/HER2-ABC(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in efficacy among palbociclib,abemaciclib and ribociclib(P＞0.05).In terms of safety,more adverse events were observed in patients treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors when compared with endocrine therapy(P＜0.05).There was a difference in the incidence of adverse effects between the different CDK4/6 inhibitors,with palbociclib having higher incidence of haematological adverse effects(P＜0.05),and abemaciclib being more likely to cause gastrointestinal adverse reactions such as diarrhoea(P＜0.05).The economic evaluation results were variable due to differences in healthcare costs,analysis perspectives,willingness-to-pay thresholds,and study duration in different countries.Conclusion CDK4/6 inhibitors have similar efficacy in the first-line treatment of HR+/HER2-ABC patients,but there are some differences in aspects such as safety and economy.

Objective:To evaluate efficacy of safflower polysaccharide in treatment of thymic atrophy induced by estradiol in mice.Methods:A total of 75 female ICR mice were divided into 5 groups:control group,model group,ubenimex group,SPS high dose group,SPS low dose group.Except for control group,each group was given intraperitoneal injection of estradiol benzoate every other day for 6 times.Treatment group began administration 24 h after the last parenteral administration,once a day for 10 days.Mice were sacrificed 24 hours after the last administration,and body weight,immune organ index,MDA and GST levels in plasma,periph-eral blood cells and T cells changes were observed,thymus tissue was stained by HE staining and TUNEL cell apoptosis staining,and thymus output capacity was detected.Results:Both high and low doses of safflower polysaccharide significantly improved thymus index(P<0.05)in mice,increased leukocytes level in peripheral blood(P<0.05),proportions of CD3+CD4+T,CD3+CD8+T cells(P<0.05)and CD4+T/CD8+T,improved thymus tissue damage.High dose of safflower polysaccharide could significantly reduce apoptosis in thymus tissue and enhance thymus output.Conclusion:Safflower polysaccharide has a certain therapeutic effect on estradiol-induced thymus atrophy in mice.

Objective:To explore the antiviral activity of the small-molecule compound AM679 in hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and infection cell models.Methods:The positive regulatory effect of AM679 on EFTUD2 expression was validated by qPCR and Western blotting. HepAD38 and HepG2-NTCP cells were treated with AM679 (0.5, 1, and 2 nmol/L). Negative control, positive control, and AM679 combined with the entecavir group were set up. HBV DNA intra-and extracellularly, as well as the expression levels of intracellular HBV total RNAs and 3.5kb-RNA changes, were detected with qPCR. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) levels were measured in the cell supernatant by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The t-test method was used for the statistical analysis of the mean difference between groups.Results:EFTUD2 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly increased in HepAD38 and HepG2-NTCP cells following AM679 treatment, with a statistically significant difference ( P ?

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of polymorphisms of solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1B3(SLCO1B3) gene on the pharmacodynamics of mycophenolate mofetil(MMF) in patients with lupus nephritis. METHODS Patients with lupus nephritis who were treated in Jieyang People’s Hospital from September 2019 to April 2021 were selected. All subjects were treated with MMF for at least 12 months, or discontinued due to poor efficacy. The efficacy of MMF was evaluated. The SLCO1B3 334T>G/699G>A(rs4149117/rs7311358) genotype was detected using Agena MassARRAY®, and the correlation between gene polymorphisms and MMF pharmacodynamics was analyzed using SPSS 25.0 software. RESULTS The genotype frequencies of SLCO1B3 334T>G/699G>A were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The probability of poor MMF treatment effect of 334GG/699AA carriers was significantly higher than that of 334TT/699AA and 334TG/699GA carriers(P<0.001); Logistic regression showed that both 334GG/699AA and urine protein>2.5 g·(24 h)−1 were the risk factors for poor MMF treatment[OR=4.038(1.731, 9.420), P<0.001; OR=4.157(1.705, 10.137), P=0.002]. Combined analysis showed that patients with both 334GG/699AA genotype and urine protein>2.5 g·(24 h)−1 were at higher risk for poor efficacy[OR=8.563(3.301, 22.216), P<0.001]. CONCLUSION SLCO1B3 334T>G/699G>A is related to the efficacy of MMF treating lupus nephritis, and 334GG/699AA carriers are more likely to result in poor efficacy.

Parkinson's disease and sarcopenia are both age-related diseases that seriously affect the quality of life of the elderly.Studies have suggested that Parkinson's disease is related to sarcopenia.Exploring the correlation between them can provide evidence for early identification and prevention of Parkinson's disease patients with sarcopenia.This review summarized the correlation between Parkinson's disease and sarcopenia and possible shared pathways of pathogenesis.