Food allergies are specific immune responses that occur recurrently upon the ingestion of certain foods，leading to adverse effects on health.With the increasing prevalence of food allergies，exploring the related influencing factors has become particularly urgent，among which the use of antibiotics in early life has attracted widespread attention.This paper reviews the relationship between the use of antibiotics in early life and food allergies in children.By synthesizing existing research，this work explores the mechanisms by which early-life antibiotic exposure influences childhood food allergies and the potential mitigation strategies.The aim is to offer new insights and directions for preventing the onset of food allergies，providing a valuable reference for future research and clinical practice.

Objective To explore and establish a medical complaint prevention system in stomatological hospitals,eval-uate its effect on improving the quality of medical services,in order to provide practical experience for the high-quality develop-ment of peer hospitals.Methods The sample hospitals were problem-oriented,based on the concept of PDCA cycle manage-ment,and integrated multidisciplinary knowledge.Successfully established a medical complaint prevention system for dental hos-pitals.This system mainly includes the planning phase:collecting and analyzing complaint characteristics,formulating plans and expected goals;Implementation stage:Adhere to problem oriented approach and actively implement measures that have been for-mulated;Check stage:Regularly evaluate the effectiveness of measures and conduct targeted surveys of patient opinions;Action stage:Summarizing relevant experiences and developing a recycling and rectification plan,and it has played an important role in improving the quality of medical services in sample hospitals,achieving significant results.Results Compared with 2022,the total number of outpatient and emergency patients in the sample hospitals increased by 14.4％in 2023,the total number of medi-cal complaints decreased by 7.6％,the total number of praise letters from patients and their families to medical staff increased fourfold,and the total number of suggestions for hospital improvement and enhancement decreased by 71.4％.Conclusion The medical complaint prevention system in dental hospitals has improved the quality of medical services in sample hospitals to a cer-tain extent,and the relevant experience is worth promoting.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of pharmaceutical services of direct to patients (DTP) sale pharmacy, taking the out-hospital pharmacy service of hypothyroidism caused by camrelizumab as an example.Methods:The electronic drug records of patients who received camrelizumab (the medicine was purchased from 3 stores under the Gaoji Suxiang Specialty Pharmacy in Hefei from July 1, 2019 to July 31, 2021) were collected and their medical history information and pharmacy service data provided by DTP pharmacists were recorded. The occurrence, intervention measures, and outcomes of camrelizumab-related hypothyroidism, as well as the patient′s compliance to the intervention were analyzed descriptively.Results:A total of 489 patients were entered in the analysis, including 341 males and 148 females, aged (61±12) years with an range from 18 to 75 years. The drug was used for lung cancer in 129 patients, esophageal cancer in 112 patients, liver cancer in 60 patients, nasopharyngeal carcinoma in 8 patients, lymphoma in 4 patients, and other tumors beyond indications in 176 patients. The median treatment time of camrelizumab in these patients was 4 months, ranging from 1 to 24 months. Camrelizumab was used in monotherapy in 129 patients, in combination with chemotherapy in 156 patients, in combination with targeted drugs in 97 patients, in combination with both chemotherapy and targeted drugs in 83 patients, and in combination with both chemotherapy and radiotherapy in 4 patients; the additional treatment plans were unknown in 20 patients. Among the 489 patients, 16 patients experienced hypothyroidism, with an incidence of 3.3%, of which 6 were actively identified by pharmacists in DTP pharmacy. All 16 cases of hypothyroidism were judged to be associated with camrelizumab by the Naranjo causality evaluation method, and the severity was grade 2 in 15 cases and grade 1 in 1 case. The patient with grade 1 hypothyroidism did not receive medical intervention; camrelizumab was stopped due to disease progression, which resulted in an improvement in hypothyroidism. All 15 patients with grade 2 hypothyroidism received treatment with levothyroxine sodium. In the following 1 week, patient compliance was good, average, and poor in 3, 8, and 5 cases, respectively. Pharmacists provided corresponding interventions based on the main items that affected patient compliance. As of the end of this study, among the 15 patients with grade 2 hypothyroidism, the thyroid function turned normal in 4 patients (including 1 who stopped levothyroxine sodium due to arrhythmia), was improved in 2 patients, and had persistent condition in 9 patients.Conclusion:Out-hospital pharmaceutical services provided by pharmacists in DTP pharmacy helps to ensure patient compliance and safe medication.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of pharmaceutical services of direct to patients (DTP) sale pharmacy, taking the out-hospital pharmacy service of hypothyroidism caused by camrelizumab as an example.Methods:The electronic drug records of patients who received camrelizumab (the medicine was purchased from 3 stores under the Gaoji Suxiang Specialty Pharmacy in Hefei from July 1, 2019 to July 31, 2021) were collected and their medical history information and pharmacy service data provided by DTP pharmacists were recorded. The occurrence, intervention measures, and outcomes of camrelizumab-related hypothyroidism, as well as the patient′s compliance to the intervention were analyzed descriptively.Results:A total of 489 patients were entered in the analysis, including 341 males and 148 females, aged (61±12) years with an range from 18 to 75 years. The drug was used for lung cancer in 129 patients, esophageal cancer in 112 patients, liver cancer in 60 patients, nasopharyngeal carcinoma in 8 patients, lymphoma in 4 patients, and other tumors beyond indications in 176 patients. The median treatment time of camrelizumab in these patients was 4 months, ranging from 1 to 24 months. Camrelizumab was used in monotherapy in 129 patients, in combination with chemotherapy in 156 patients, in combination with targeted drugs in 97 patients, in combination with both chemotherapy and targeted drugs in 83 patients, and in combination with both chemotherapy and radiotherapy in 4 patients; the additional treatment plans were unknown in 20 patients. Among the 489 patients, 16 patients experienced hypothyroidism, with an incidence of 3.3%, of which 6 were actively identified by pharmacists in DTP pharmacy. All 16 cases of hypothyroidism were judged to be associated with camrelizumab by the Naranjo causality evaluation method, and the severity was grade 2 in 15 cases and grade 1 in 1 case. The patient with grade 1 hypothyroidism did not receive medical intervention; camrelizumab was stopped due to disease progression, which resulted in an improvement in hypothyroidism. All 15 patients with grade 2 hypothyroidism received treatment with levothyroxine sodium. In the following 1 week, patient compliance was good, average, and poor in 3, 8, and 5 cases, respectively. Pharmacists provided corresponding interventions based on the main items that affected patient compliance. As of the end of this study, among the 15 patients with grade 2 hypothyroidism, the thyroid function turned normal in 4 patients (including 1 who stopped levothyroxine sodium due to arrhythmia), was improved in 2 patients, and had persistent condition in 9 patients.Conclusion:Out-hospital pharmaceutical services provided by pharmacists in DTP pharmacy helps to ensure patient compliance and safe medication.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive fibrous interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. IPF is also considered to be among the independent risk factors for lung cancer, increasing the risk of lung cancer by 7% and 20%. The incidence of IPF complicated with lung cancer, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is increasing gradually, but there is no consensus on unified management and treatment. IPF and NSCLC have similar pathological features. Both appear in the surrounding area of the lung. In pathients with IPF complicated with NSCLC, NSCLC often develops from the honeycomb region of IPF, but the mechanism of NSCLC induced by IPF remains unclear. In addition, IPF and NSCLC have similar genetic, molecular and cellular processes and common signal transduction pathways. The universal signal pathways targeting IPF and NSCLC will become potential therapeutic drugs for IPF complicated with NSCLC. This article examines the main molecular mechanisms involved in IPF and NSCLC and the research progress of drugs under development targeting these signal pathways.
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Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics* ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/drug therapy* ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Lung/pathology* ; Signal Transduction

The clinical data of a case diagnosed with MIRAGE syndrome in the Respiratory Department of Shenzhen Children′s Hospital in June 2020 were analyzed retrospectively.The 11-month-old boy was admitted to the hospital because of " intermittent fever for 1.5 months and blood oxygen decline for half a day" . Whole exome detection was carried out by using second-generation sequencing technology.The results showed spontaneous, heterozygous, missense variation in SAMD9 gene (NM_017654) and the mutation site was c. 2471G>A.Review of the literature found that all of the children (47 cases) were born prematurely and their parents were not intermarriage.Besides, they had overall growth retardation, and some suffered from myelodysplasia, recurrent infection, adrenal insufficiency, genital phenotypes and enteropathy.Among SAMD9 gene variation, mutations c. 1376G>A and c. 2471G>A are most frequent.Attention should be paid to the MIRAGE syndrome in children with premature birth and full development lag after birth.

Sulfonylureas are widely used oral anti-diabetic drugs. However, its long-term usage effects on patients' lifespan remain controversial, with no reports of influence on animal longevity. Hence, the anti-aging effects of chlorpropamide along with glimepiride, glibenclamide, and tolbutamide were studied with special emphasis on the interaction of chlorpropamide with mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K⁺ (mitoK-ATP) channels and mitochondrial complex II. Chlorpropamide delayed aging in Caenorhabditis elegans, human lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells and reduced doxorubicin-induced senescence in both MRC-5 cells and mice. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels were significantly increased in chlorpropamide-treated worms, which is consistent with the function of its reported targets, mitoK-ATP channels. Increased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) were observed in chlorpropamide-treated worms. Moreover, the lifespan extension by chlorpropamide required complex II and increased mtROS levels, indicating that chlorpropamide acts on complex II directly or indirectly via mitoK-ATP to increase the production of mtROS as a pro-longevity signal. This study provides mechanistic insight into the anti-aging effects of sulfonylureas in C. elegans.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of comprehensive therapy in the treatment of advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:Clinical data of 34 patients with primary liver cancer admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from Nov 2018 to Dec 2020 initially evaluated as unresectable were treated firstly by combined therapy and then underwent reevaluation for further management.Results:A total of 34 patients completed the integrative treatment, and no serious adverse events occurred. Among them, 6 patients were evaluated as partial remission, and underwent successful tumor resection, tumors in 7 patients were stable, and 21 patients suffered from disease progression.Conclusion:After comprehensive therapy, unresectable tumors in some patients could reduce and be rendered resection.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical performance of anti-peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) and anti-PAD4 antibodies combined testing in a Chinese rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cohort.Methods:A total of 148 RA inpatients and 35 patients with non-RA arthritis as controls (DC) were recruited from November, 2018 to November, 2019 in Peking University People′s Hospital. In addition, a total of 44 healthy controls (HC) who went to Peking University People′s Hospital for annual physical examination were collected from June 2019 to July 2019. The α-PAD2 and α-PAD4 level in clinical specimens were determined by ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed by the Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test, the χ 2 test or the Fisher′s Exact Test, as necessary. Correlation analysis were performed by logistic regression. Results:α-PAD2 and α-PAD4 were present in 26.4% (39/148) and 20.9% (31/148) patients with RA, 5.7% (2/35) and 5.7% DC (2/35) and 4.5% (2/44) and 2.3% HC (2/44), respectively. α-PAD4-positive RA patients displayed significantly longer disease duration compared to α-PAD4-negative RA patients (17.3±13.2 years vs 8.6±10.2 years, P<0.001). α-PAD4-positive RA patients showed a significantly higher incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) compared to those without α-PAD4 (54.8% vs 25.6%, P=0.002). No associations between α-PAD2 and ILD were found ( OR: 0.797, P=0.579). In contrast, significant associations between α-PAD4 and ILD were found ( OR: 3.521, P=0.002). In seropositive RA, α-PAD4 displayed a weak correlation with ILD ( OR: 2.324, P=0.046), but this association was greatly enhanced when combined with α-PAD2 [anti-PAD2 (-)] ( OR: 4.059, P=0.007). Conclusions:The findings delineate the clinical relevance of α-PAD2 and α-PAD4 in RA and suggest that the combined testing for α-PAD2 and α-PAD4 may provide additional diagnostic value to the current clinically available assays in RA, in particular in identifying patients at risk of RA-ILD.

Objective:To summarize the characteristics of eosinophilia in peripheral blood in children with parasitic diseases.Methods:All clinical data of children with parasitic diseases who were diagnosed in Shenzhen Children′s Hospital from June 2002 to June 2020 were collected to analyze the characteristics of eosinophil changes in peripheral blood after parasitic infection.Results:(1)A total of 37 cases of parasitic diseases were diagnosed in children, with 25 males and 12 females, aged from 10 months to 12 years and 7 months, and the median age was 5 years and 3 months.(2)Among 37 cases, the absolute number of eosinophils in peripheral blood was increased in 32 cases (86.49%), with a range of (0.55-43.80)×10 9/L: 6 cases (18.75%) were slightly increased, 8 cases (25.00%) were moderately increased, and 18 cases (56.25%) were severely increased.(3)As for eosinophilia in peripheral blood of different insect species, there were 16 cases (50.00%) of fasciola infection, 4 cases (12.50%) of fasciola infection, 3 cases (9.38%) of mixed infection, 2 cases (6.25%) of schistosomiasis, plerocercoid, hydatid and cysticercosis infection, and 1 case (3.13%) of ascaris infection.The degrees of the increase of eosinophils in peripheral blood infected by different species of parasites were different ( Fisher′ s value 17.97, P=0.01), with statistically significant differences.(4)Eosinophilia in peripheral blood was involved in different systems, with respiratory system in 18 cases (48.65%), digestive system in 13 cases (35.14%), skin in 7 cases (18.92%), central nervous system in 5 cases(13.51%), circulatory system in 3 cases (8.11%), and others in 2 cases (5.41%). (5)There were 5 cases of parasitic infection without eosinophilia, including 2 cases of Blastocystis hominis, and 1 case of mixed infection with plerocercoid and cysticercosis, 1 case of cysticercosis and 1 case of trichinella spiralis.The increase of eosinophils in peri-pheral blood after different systems was different, without statistically significant differences ( Fisher′ s value 7.37, P=0.06). Conclusions:Eosinophil in peripheral blood is a common phenomenon of parasitic infection in children.The increased severity is related to parasite species, instead of the site of systemic involvement.