Puji Xiaoduyin， a specialized formula for the swollen-head epidemic， was recorded in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Formula （the Second Batch）-Han Medicine， published in September 2023. It had been inherited and developed by medical experts of successive generations and passed down to this day. This paper sorted out the historical evolution of this formula using bibliometric methods. It also comprehensively analyzed key information on the formula name， historical origin， drug dosage， herb origin， processing methods， decocting methods， function， and clinical applications. Additionally， this paper analyzed the application of this formula in both modern and ancient times. Results showed that the formula was first recorded as "Puji Xiaodu Yinzi" in LI Dongyuan's Proven Formulas written by LI Gao from the Jin dynasty. The medicinal composition and dosage were： Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma （20.65 g each）， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma 12.39 g， Scrophulariae Radix， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma （8.26 g each）， Forsythiae Fructus， Arctii Fructus， Isatidis Radix， and Lasiosphaera Calvatia （4.13 g each）， Bombyx Batryticatus and Cimicifugae Rhizoma （2.891 g each）， Bupleuri Radix and Platycodonis Radix （8.26 g each）. These medicines were grounded to fine powder. One dose， including 20.65 g of the powder， was mixed with 600 mL of water and decocted to 300 mL. After abandoning slag， the medicine should be taken warm frequently. In the formula， Bombyx Batryticatus is stir-fired. With the effect of dispersing wind and clearing heat， removing stagnation and dissipating mass， the formula is specialized in swollen-head epidemic， pestilence， red and swelling head， face， and neck， dry mouth and tongue， as well as other diseases resulting from toxic heat stagnated in the upper jiao. The formula is widely used in treating diseases involving the respiratory， dermal， ophthalmologic， otolaryngologic， and nervous systems. The formula is most frequently used for respiratory diseases， with a wide range of symptoms including parotitis/mumps （66 times）， followed by tonsillitis （28 times）. In conclusion， the broadly applied formula has accurate efficacy and great development value.

Puji Xiaoduyin， a specialized formula for the swollen-head epidemic， was recorded in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Formula （the Second Batch）-Han Medicine， published in September 2023. It had been inherited and developed by medical experts of successive generations and passed down to this day. This paper sorted out the historical evolution of this formula using bibliometric methods. It also comprehensively analyzed key information on the formula name， historical origin， drug dosage， herb origin， processing methods， decocting methods， function， and clinical applications. Additionally， this paper analyzed the application of this formula in both modern and ancient times. Results showed that the formula was first recorded as "Puji Xiaodu Yinzi" in LI Dongyuan's Proven Formulas written by LI Gao from the Jin dynasty. The medicinal composition and dosage were： Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma （20.65 g each）， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma 12.39 g， Scrophulariae Radix， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma （8.26 g each）， Forsythiae Fructus， Arctii Fructus， Isatidis Radix， and Lasiosphaera Calvatia （4.13 g each）， Bombyx Batryticatus and Cimicifugae Rhizoma （2.891 g each）， Bupleuri Radix and Platycodonis Radix （8.26 g each）. These medicines were grounded to fine powder. One dose， including 20.65 g of the powder， was mixed with 600 mL of water and decocted to 300 mL. After abandoning slag， the medicine should be taken warm frequently. In the formula， Bombyx Batryticatus is stir-fired. With the effect of dispersing wind and clearing heat， removing stagnation and dissipating mass， the formula is specialized in swollen-head epidemic， pestilence， red and swelling head， face， and neck， dry mouth and tongue， as well as other diseases resulting from toxic heat stagnated in the upper jiao. The formula is widely used in treating diseases involving the respiratory， dermal， ophthalmologic， otolaryngologic， and nervous systems. The formula is most frequently used for respiratory diseases， with a wide range of symptoms including parotitis/mumps （66 times）， followed by tonsillitis （28 times）. In conclusion， the broadly applied formula has accurate efficacy and great development value.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants (Cl-OPFRs) via respiratory and digestive tract exposure on multiple organs in mice.Methods:A short-term repeated exposure model of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and tris(1, 3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) in mice was established through intratracheal instillation and oral gavage administration. The exposure doses were 0.7, 1 and 2 mg·kg -1·day -1, respectively, with continuous administration for 14 days. The organs of the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, bladder and testis were collected and weighed to calculate the organ coefficients. The pathological and histological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining to quantitatively assess the effects of the three Cl-OPFRs on the various organs by using the pathology score. Results:Analysis of organ coefficients in tracheal drip-treated mice showed that the organ coefficients in the testes of the TCEP, TCIPP and TDCIPP groups were lower than those in the control group ( PTCEP-testis=0.045, PTCIPP-testis=0.012 and PTDCIPP-testis<0.001). The organ coefficients were lower in the lungs and small intestines of the TCEP group ( PTCEP-lung=0.006, PTCEP-small intestine=0.042). The organ coefficients for the stomach and large intestine were higher in the TDCIPP group ( PTDCIPP-stomach=0.014, PTDCIPP-large intestine=0.049). Analyses of gavage-contaminated mice showed that the organ coefficients for liver, stomach and small intestine in the TCEP and TDCIPP groups were higher than those in the control group ( PTCEP-liver=0.007, PTCEP-stomach=0.003, PTCEP-small intestine<0.001, PTDCIPP-liver=0.001, PTDCIPP-stomach=0.004, and PTDCIPP-small intestine<0.001). Histopathological analyses of the organs of tracheal drip dyed mice showed significant pathological damage in the lung tissue of the TCIPP group, mainly in the form of thickening of the interstitium, infiltration of inflammatory cells and alveolar collapse. The results of the analysis of gavage poisoned mice showed that TCIPP exposure could lead to blurring of the red and white medullary boundaries of spleen tissues, destruction of white medullary structures, etc., and induce small intestinal cryptitis. TDCIPP induced significant pathological damage to the liver tissues of mice, which mainly included cytoplasmic washout, infiltration of inflammatory cells, acute inflammation, and other injurious effects. Significant pathological damage to the intestinal tissues of mice was also observed. Conclusions:This study demonstrates that the toxic effects of Cl-OPFRs are significantly associated with exposure routes and compound specificity. Respiratory exposure predominantly induces TCIPP-mediated pulmonary injury, while digestive exposure causes TDCIPP-driven hepatointestinal toxicity. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the toxicity screening of Cl-OPFRs.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants (Cl-OPFRs) via respiratory and digestive tract exposure on multiple organs in mice.Methods:A short-term repeated exposure model of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and tris(1, 3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) in mice was established through intratracheal instillation and oral gavage administration. The exposure doses were 0.7, 1 and 2 mg·kg -1·day -1, respectively, with continuous administration for 14 days. The organs of the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, bladder and testis were collected and weighed to calculate the organ coefficients. The pathological and histological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining to quantitatively assess the effects of the three Cl-OPFRs on the various organs by using the pathology score. Results:Analysis of organ coefficients in tracheal drip-treated mice showed that the organ coefficients in the testes of the TCEP, TCIPP and TDCIPP groups were lower than those in the control group ( PTCEP-testis=0.045, PTCIPP-testis=0.012 and PTDCIPP-testis<0.001). The organ coefficients were lower in the lungs and small intestines of the TCEP group ( PTCEP-lung=0.006, PTCEP-small intestine=0.042). The organ coefficients for the stomach and large intestine were higher in the TDCIPP group ( PTDCIPP-stomach=0.014, PTDCIPP-large intestine=0.049). Analyses of gavage-contaminated mice showed that the organ coefficients for liver, stomach and small intestine in the TCEP and TDCIPP groups were higher than those in the control group ( PTCEP-liver=0.007, PTCEP-stomach=0.003, PTCEP-small intestine<0.001, PTDCIPP-liver=0.001, PTDCIPP-stomach=0.004, and PTDCIPP-small intestine<0.001). Histopathological analyses of the organs of tracheal drip dyed mice showed significant pathological damage in the lung tissue of the TCIPP group, mainly in the form of thickening of the interstitium, infiltration of inflammatory cells and alveolar collapse. The results of the analysis of gavage poisoned mice showed that TCIPP exposure could lead to blurring of the red and white medullary boundaries of spleen tissues, destruction of white medullary structures, etc., and induce small intestinal cryptitis. TDCIPP induced significant pathological damage to the liver tissues of mice, which mainly included cytoplasmic washout, infiltration of inflammatory cells, acute inflammation, and other injurious effects. Significant pathological damage to the intestinal tissues of mice was also observed. Conclusions:This study demonstrates that the toxic effects of Cl-OPFRs are significantly associated with exposure routes and compound specificity. Respiratory exposure predominantly induces TCIPP-mediated pulmonary injury, while digestive exposure causes TDCIPP-driven hepatointestinal toxicity. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the toxicity screening of Cl-OPFRs.

The classical prescription Yangweitang， derived from Zhengzhi Zhunsheng， is specialized in treating syndromes of chill and fever due to exogenous pathogens， inner-cooling， and malaria， and it has been included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Formulas （the First Batch） published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） in 2018. Through bibliographical research， the relevant ancient books and modern documents were systematically sorted out， and it was found that there were many prescriptions related to the Yangweitang from Zhengzhi Zhunsheng. They were interwoven with Yangweitang from Zhengzhi Zhunsheng and widely used in clinical practice. In order to clarify their history and evolution， this paper combed the historical origin of Yangweitang and its related prescriptions and conducted textual analysis on key information such as semantic composition， herb origin， processing method， and efficacy. A total of 896 pieces of data on Yangweitang from Zhengzhi Zhunsheng were collected. 26 pieces of effective data were included after the screening， involving 17 ancient TCM books. Then， a total of 28 pieces of data on prescriptions related to the Yangweitang from Zhengzhi Zhunsheng were included， involving 23 ancient TCM books for reference. The textual analysis showed that Yangweitang originated from the Renshen Yangweitang recorded in Taiping Huimin Heji Jufang in the Song dynasty. Based on the original formula， medical experts from later generations have modified it into many different versions. A comparative analysis showed that Yangweitang from different generations had similar compositions， and the herb origin and processing method were basically clear. The recommended prescriptions are as follows： 37.3 g of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine， Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex（fried with ginger juice）， and frying with rice water Atractlodis Rhizoma， 27.98 g of Citri Exocarpium Rubrum， 18.65 g of Pogostemon cablin leaf， Tsaoko Fructus， Poria， and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， and 9.33 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. They could be ground into a coarse powder， with 14.92 g for every dose， and they could be orally taken after being decocted with 450 mL of water， 7 g of fresh ginger， and 2 g of Mume Fructus to 270 mL in warm conditions. Yangweitang from Zhengzhi Zhunsheng has the effect of warming the middle and releasing the external， and it can treat many syndromes including spleen and stomach disharmony caused by chill and fever due to exogenous pathogens and inner-cooling， as well as all kinds of malaria. Modern clinical applications mainly focus on chronic atrophic gastritis and other digestive system diseases.

Objective: The study aimed to review the oncological characteristics and treatment of pregnancy-associated cancers and analyze the obstetric and neonatal outcomes to provide evidence-based recommendations for reproductive function preservation, oncological treatment, and obstetric management. Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study among pregnant patients with cancer in 7 Chinese tertiary A hospitals from 2003 to 2021. We conducted multiple logistic regression to determine the influence of various factors on preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age infants, log-binomial regression to analyze temporal changes, and χ 2 tests to explore the effects of cancer type/treatment. Results: Of 204 women, 17% terminated their pregnancies; 59% received pre-delivery treatment. Every 6 years, the rates of pregnancy termination (relative risk [RR]=0.48;95% confidence interval [CI]=0.35–0.67) and iatrogenic preterm births (RR=0.73; 95% CI=0.54–0.98) reduced, and that of pre-delivery treatment increased, mainly due to increased rates of surgery (RR=1.87; 95% CI=1.31–2.67). Maternal systemic diseases were related to small-for-gestational-age infants (odds ratio [OR]=12.02; 95% CI=1.82–79.43).Chemotherapy with taxanes plus platinum-based agents was related to adverse obstetric outcomes (OR=1.87; 95% CI=1.42–2.46; p<0.05). Thyroid (OR=0.36; 95% CI=0.22–0.57) and ovarian cancer (OR=0.70; 95% CI=0.50–0.98) were associated with fewer cesarean sections.Thyroid cancer was associated with fetal growth restriction (OR=5.21; 95% CI=1.21–22.55). Conclusion Rates of pregnancy termination in cancer declined. Taxane plus platinum-based chemotherapy was associated with adverse obstetric outcomes. Cancer type influenced outcomes.

Objective: The study aimed to review the oncological characteristics and treatment of pregnancy-associated cancers and analyze the obstetric and neonatal outcomes to provide evidence-based recommendations for reproductive function preservation, oncological treatment, and obstetric management. Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study among pregnant patients with cancer in 7 Chinese tertiary A hospitals from 2003 to 2021. We conducted multiple logistic regression to determine the influence of various factors on preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age infants, log-binomial regression to analyze temporal changes, and χ 2 tests to explore the effects of cancer type/treatment. Results: Of 204 women, 17% terminated their pregnancies; 59% received pre-delivery treatment. Every 6 years, the rates of pregnancy termination (relative risk [RR]=0.48;95% confidence interval [CI]=0.35–0.67) and iatrogenic preterm births (RR=0.73; 95% CI=0.54–0.98) reduced, and that of pre-delivery treatment increased, mainly due to increased rates of surgery (RR=1.87; 95% CI=1.31–2.67). Maternal systemic diseases were related to small-for-gestational-age infants (odds ratio [OR]=12.02; 95% CI=1.82–79.43).Chemotherapy with taxanes plus platinum-based agents was related to adverse obstetric outcomes (OR=1.87; 95% CI=1.42–2.46; p<0.05). Thyroid (OR=0.36; 95% CI=0.22–0.57) and ovarian cancer (OR=0.70; 95% CI=0.50–0.98) were associated with fewer cesarean sections.Thyroid cancer was associated with fetal growth restriction (OR=5.21; 95% CI=1.21–22.55). Conclusion Rates of pregnancy termination in cancer declined. Taxane plus platinum-based chemotherapy was associated with adverse obstetric outcomes. Cancer type influenced outcomes.

Objective: The study aimed to review the oncological characteristics and treatment of pregnancy-associated cancers and analyze the obstetric and neonatal outcomes to provide evidence-based recommendations for reproductive function preservation, oncological treatment, and obstetric management. Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study among pregnant patients with cancer in 7 Chinese tertiary A hospitals from 2003 to 2021. We conducted multiple logistic regression to determine the influence of various factors on preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age infants, log-binomial regression to analyze temporal changes, and χ 2 tests to explore the effects of cancer type/treatment. Results: Of 204 women, 17% terminated their pregnancies; 59% received pre-delivery treatment. Every 6 years, the rates of pregnancy termination (relative risk [RR]=0.48;95% confidence interval [CI]=0.35–0.67) and iatrogenic preterm births (RR=0.73; 95% CI=0.54–0.98) reduced, and that of pre-delivery treatment increased, mainly due to increased rates of surgery (RR=1.87; 95% CI=1.31–2.67). Maternal systemic diseases were related to small-for-gestational-age infants (odds ratio [OR]=12.02; 95% CI=1.82–79.43).Chemotherapy with taxanes plus platinum-based agents was related to adverse obstetric outcomes (OR=1.87; 95% CI=1.42–2.46; p<0.05). Thyroid (OR=0.36; 95% CI=0.22–0.57) and ovarian cancer (OR=0.70; 95% CI=0.50–0.98) were associated with fewer cesarean sections.Thyroid cancer was associated with fetal growth restriction (OR=5.21; 95% CI=1.21–22.55). Conclusion Rates of pregnancy termination in cancer declined. Taxane plus platinum-based chemotherapy was associated with adverse obstetric outcomes. Cancer type influenced outcomes.

Objective:To explore the effect of early essential newborn care technology during cesarean section on early health outcomes of mothers and infants and breast feeding.Methods:This study was a randomized controlled study. From October 2020 to August 2021, 104 delivery women and their newborns who were scheduled for full-term cesarean section in Peking University First Hospital were selected as the study subject. The subjects were randomly divided into control group and intervention group, 52 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing of the newborn after cesarean section, while the intervention group received early essential newborn care technology after cesarean section. The amount of postpartum hemorrhage, hospital stay, Apgar score at one and five minutes after birth, the incidence of abnormal conditions within 90 minutes after birth, the time of umbilical cord shedding, the time of the first feeding sign of the newborn, the success rate of early initiation of breastfeeding and the implementation of breast feeding at discharge were compared between the two groups.Results:There was no statistical difference between the two groups in the amount of postpartum hemorrhage within two hours, the amount of postpartum hemorrhage within two to 24 hours and the number of days in hospital ( P>0.05) . There was no statistical difference between the two groups in Apgar scores at one and five min after birth ( P>0.05) . There was no statistical difference between the two groups in the occurrence of re-attraction, respiratory abnormalities, resuscitation, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) transfer and other abnormalities within 90 minutes after birth ( P>0.05) . There was no statistical difference in the time of umbilical cord shedding between the two groups ( P>0.05) , and no umbilical infection occurred. The first foraging reflex in the intervention group was earlier than that in the control group, and the success rate of early initiation of breastfeeding was higher than that in the control group, and the differences was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . There was no statistical difference in the implementation of breast feeding between the two groups at discharge ( P>0.05) . Conclusions:It is safe and feasible to implement early essential newborn care technology during cesarean section, and it can effectively promote early initiation of breastfeeding, which is of great significance for breast feeding and has the value of clinical promotion.

Objective:To compare and analyze the differences in the setup accuracy of different immobilization method in breast cancer radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 60 patients who received radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery from January to August, 2021. These patients were divided into two groups. One group consisted of 30 cases who were immobilized using a modified body thermoplastic membrane combined with a multifunction body board during the breast cancer radiotherapy and was called the modified body thermoplastic membrane group. The other group comprised 30 cases immobilized using a vacuum cushion during breast cancer radiotherapy and was referred to as the vacuum cushion group. The setup errors, 3D vector errors, the proportion of errors of > 5 mm, and the dosimetric differences in the planning target volume (PTV) and the clinical target volume (CTV) before and after simulated treatment bed moving (including the PTV_ V100, PTV_ V95, and CTV_ V95 before simulated treatment bed moving and the PTV_ V100 S, PTV_ V95 S, and CTV_ V95 S after simulated treatment bed moving) were compared between two groups. Moreover, for the modified body thermoplastic membrane group, the changes in the average setup errors at different radiotherapy stages were also analyzed. Results:A total of 369 cone-beam CT scans were conducted for 60 patients, including 195 CT scans for the modified body thermoplastic membrane group and 174 CT scans for the vacuum cushion group. The setup errors in the x, y, and z directions (right-left, anterior-posterior, and superior-inferior, respectively) of the modified body thermoplastic membrane group were (2.59±1.98) mm, (2.38±2.04) mm, and (1.45±1.16) mm, respectively, while those of the other group were (2.24±1.63) mm, (2.78±2.17) mm, and (2.70±1.88) mm, respectively. The 3D vector errors of both groups were (4.32±2.28) mm and (5.13±2.14) mm, respectively. Therefore, the setup error in direction z and the 3D vector error of the modified body thermoplastic membrane group were less than those of the vacuum cushion group ( t = -7.77, -3.41, P<0.05). Moreover, the proportion of setup errors of > 5 mm in the x direction of the vacuum cushion group was lower than that of the modified body thermoplastic membrane group ( χ2 = 7.13, P<0.05), while such proportion in the z direction of the modified body thermoplastic membrane group was lower than that of the vacuum cushion group ( χ2= 5.90, P<0.05). After the simulated treatment bed moving, the PTV_ V100 S of the modified body thermoplastic membrane group was better than that of the vacuum cushion group ( t = 2.47, P < 0.05). Furthermore, for the modified body thermoplastic membrane group, the setup errors in the x direction in the first week were higher than those in the 2-3 weeks and 4-5 weeks ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The modified body thermoplastic membrane combined with a multifunction body board yield better immobilization effects than a vacuum cushion. However, it produces high setup errors in the x direction in the first week of the radiotherapy, to which special attention should be paid.