Objective: To investigate the relationship between pubertal timing and depressive symptoms among high school students in Suzhou, so as to provide scientific evidence for promoting adolescents mental health. Methods: From October 2023 to January 2024, 3 369 students were selected from 20 high schools in Suzhou using stratified cluster random sampling method. Physical examinations and questionnaire surveys were conducted. The Preece & Baines growth Model 1 was used to calculate the age at take off of height velocity (ATO) and age at peak height velocity (APHV), categorizing students into three groups: early pubertal timing group (< P 15 ), ontime group ( P 15 - P 85 ), and delayed group (> P 85 ). Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze its association with depressive symptoms. Results: The ATO for male and female high school students in Suzhou was (9.35±1.23) and ( 8.12 ±1.52) years old, respectively. The mean APHV was (12.35±0.74) years old for boys and (10.91±0.82) years old for girls. The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 34.22%, with no statistically significant gender difference ( χ 2=0.42, P =0.52). Significant differences in depressive symptom prevalence were observed across grade levels, breakfast frequency, weekly days of moderate to vigorous physical activity, daily sleep duration, history of school bullying, and the presence of Internet addiction ( χ 2=5.03-69.21, all P < 0.05 ). After adjusting for age, body mass index, region, boarding status, breakfast frequency, weekly moderate to vigorous physical activity days, sleep duration, campus bullying, and presence of Internet addiction, Logistic regression analysis revealed that when ATO was used to evaluate pubertal timing, the risk of depressive symptoms in the delayed group of boys was 1.65 times that of the on time group (95% CI =1.24-2.19); when APHV was used to evaluate pubertal timing, the risks of depressive symptoms in the early pubertal timing group and delayed group of boys were 1.43 times (95% CI =1.07-1.91) and 1.41 times (95% CI =1.05-1.88) of that of the on time group, respectively (all P <0.05). No statistically significant associations were found among females (all P > 0.05 ). Conclusion The prevalence of depressive symptoms among high school students in Suzhou is relatively high, and both early and delayed puberty timing in boys are associated with depressive symptoms.

Intestinal fibrosis is a significant clinical challenge in inflammatory bowel diseases, but no effective anti-fibrotic therapy is currently available. Glucagon receptor (GCGR) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R) are both peptide hormone receptors involved in energy metabolism of epithelial cells. However, their role in intestinal fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Herein GCGR and GLP1R were found to be reduced in the stenotic ileum of patients with Crohn's disease as well as in the fibrotic colon of mice with chronic colitis. The downregulation of GCGR and GLP1R led to the accumulation of the metabolic byproduct lactate, resulting in histone H3K9 lactylation and exacerbated intestinal fibrosis through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Dual activating GCGR and GLP1R by peptide 1907B reduced the H3K9 lactylation in epithelial cells and ameliorated intestinal fibrosis in vivo. We uncovered the role of GCGR/GLP1R in regulating EMT involved in intestinal fibrosis via histone lactylation. Simultaneously activating GCGR/GLP1R with the novel dual agonist peptide 1907B holds promise as a treatment strategy for alleviating intestinal fibrosis.

With the increasing burden of hypertension in Chinese adults， the detection rate of hypertension among children and adolescents continued to rise， drawing increasing attention to the impact of pubertal timing on blood pressure. In recent years， many scholars have evaluated the association between pubertal development and blood pressure at different stages using various methods of assessing pubertal timing. To understand the correlation between pubertal timing and blood pressure in adolescents， this study reviews the associations between pubertal timing and blood pressure and their underlying mechanisms. The relationship between earlier female pubertal development and the risk of hypertension in adulthood shows positive， negative， and U-shaped correlations， with varying results. Earlier female pubertal development may lead to a higher detection rate of hypertension during adolescence. Most of the studies focus on the correlation between pubertal timing and adult blood pressure， with less research on adolescent blood pressure， indicating a need for further research to reveal underlying patterns.

To fulfill the calibration requirements for absorbed dose to water in external beam radiotherapy,the summary offers a streamlined calibration procedure and recommendations in accordance with TRS-398(version 7)published by International Atomic Energy Agency in 2024.It addresses various considerations for reference measurement conditions in external beam radiotherapy and defines the appropriate scope for ionization chambers.In terms of ionization chamber measurements,it elaborates on the methods for measuring various correction factors and provides a table of beam quality conversion factors.The calibration uncertainty is examined by comparing the contributions of different factors before and after the update.The results demonstrate that using IBA FC65-G ionization chamber to calibrate high-energy photon beams,high-energy electron beams,proton beams and light ion beams results in relative deviations of-0.4％,0.5％,-1.7％and-1.3％as compared with the earlier versions,with relative standard uncertainties of 1.0％,1.1％,1.7％and 2.6％,respectively.The guideline which is tailored to the national radiotherapy dose calibration standards and practices presents an optimized calibration approach for TRS-398,allowing clinicians to conduct absolute dose calibration more efficiently and accurately.

Compared with teenage patients,adult patients generally show a slower rate of tooth movement and more pronounced alveolar bone loss during orthodontic treatment,indicating the maladaptation of alveolar bone homeostasis under orthodontic force.However,this phenomenon is not well-elucidated to date,leading to increased treatment difficulties and unsatisfactory treatment outcomes in adult orthodontics.Aiming to provide a comprehensive knowledge and further inspire insightful understanding towards this issue,this review summarizes the current evidence and underlying mechanisms.The age-related abatements in mechanosensing and mechanotransduction in adult cells and periodontal tissue may contribute to retarded and unbalanced bone metabolism,thus hindering alveolar bone reconstruction during orthodontic treatment.To this end,periodontal surgery,physical and chemical cues are being developed to reactivate or rejuvenate the aging periodontium and restore the dynamic equilibrium of orthodontic-mediated alveolar bone metabolism.We anticipate that this review will present a general overview of the role that aging plays in orthodontic alveolar bone metabolism and shed new light on the prospective ways out of the impasse.

Although multifarious tumor-targeting modifications of nanoparticulate systems have been attempted in joint efforts by our predecessors, it remains challenging for nanomedicine to traverse physiological barriers involving blood vessels, tissues, and cell barriers to thereafter demonstrate excellent antitumor effects. To further overcome these inherent obstacles, we designed and prepared mycoplasma membrane (MM)-fused liposomes (LPs) with the goal of employing circulating neutrophils with the advantage of inflammatory cytokine-guided autonomous tumor localization to transport nanoparticles. We also utilized in vivo neutrophil activation induced by the liposomal form of the immune activator resiquimod (LPs-R848). Fused LPs preparations retained mycoplasma pathogen characteristics and achieved rapid recognition and endocytosis by activated neutrophils stimulated by LPs-R848. The enhanced neutrophil infiltration in homing of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment allowed more nanoparticles to be delivered into solid tumors. Facilitated by the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), podophyllotoxin (POD)-loaded MM-fused LPs (MM-LPs-POD) were concomitantly released from neutrophils and subsequently engulfed by tumor cells during inflammation. MM-LPs-POD displayed superior suppression efficacy of tumor growth and lung metastasis in a 4T1 breast tumor model. Overall, such a strategy of pathogen-mimicking nanoparticles hijacking neutrophils in situ combined with enhanced neutrophil infiltration indeed elevates the potential of chemotherapeutics for tumor targeting therapy.