Objective To investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Methods Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data of gut microbiota and IPF were obtained from MiBioGen and IEU OpenGWAS, respectively. Instrumental variables were screened by means of significance, linkage disequilibrium, weak instrumental variable screening, and removal of confounding factors (genetics, smoking, host characteristics). Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used as the main Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis method, and the weighted median, simple mode, MR-Egger, and weighted mode were used to perform MR to reveal the causal effect of gut microbiota and IPF. The Cochrane's Q, leave-one-out, MR-Egger-intercept, and Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) and Steiger tests were used to analyze the heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, outliers, and directionality, respectively. Results IVW analysis results showed that Actinobacteria [OR=1.773, 95%CI (1.323, 2.377), P<0.001], Erysipelatoclostridium [OR=2.077, 95%CI (1.107, 3.896), P=0.023], and Streptococcus [OR=1.35, 95%CI (1.100, 1.657), P=0.004] could increase the risk of IPF. Bifidobacterium [OR=0.668, 95%CI (0.620, 0.720), P<0.001], Ruminococcus [OR=0.434, 95%CI (0.222, 0.848), P=0.015], and Tyzzerella [OR=0.479, 95%CI (0.304, 0.755), P=0.001] could reduce the risk of IPF. No significant heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, outliers, and reverse causality were found. Conclusion Actinobacteria, Erysipelatoclostridium and Streptococcus may increase the risk of IPF, while Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus and Tyzzerella may reduce the risk of IPF. Regulation of the above gut microbiota may become a new direction in the study of the pathogenesis of IPF.

Diseases caused by animal virus infection seriously restricts the healthy development of animal husbandry.In-depth study of the molecular mechanism of viral replication and pathogenesis will provide theoretical basis for screening vaccine and drug targets.N6-methyladenosine(m6 A)modification occurs extensively in viral and host transcriptomes and affects viral replication and pathogenicity by regulating gene expression,which acts as a novel regulator of gene expression in addition to DNA and protein modifications.Insight into the regulatory molecular mechanism of m6 A modification in virus infection is the research hotspots and frontiers.In recent years,there are re-ports of alternation of the m6 A modification-associated epitranscriptomes and related function a-nalysis during virus infection.Here,we summarize the alternation of the epitranscriptomes induced by African swine fever virus(ASFV),porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus(PEDV),cestode virus(CSFV),porcine pseudorabies virus(PRV),Marek's disease virus(MDV),Newcastle disease virus(NDV),avian leukaemia virus(ALV)and duck hepatitis A virus(DHAV)infection,and the subsequent effects on viral replica-tion and pathogenicity.We also discuss the potential role and molecular mechanism of m6 A modification in animal virus replication and pathogenesis,which will contributes to the prevention and control for animal disease.

Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), a member of the human lipocalin family, has been demonstrated to be closely associated with diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and renal disorders. Recent studies have indicated that LCN2 plays a significant regulatory role in the pathogenesis and progression of various neurological diseases by mediating pathways such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis. This article reviews the research advancements on the mechanism of LCN2 in neurological disorders, including cerebrovascular diseases, cognitive impairment disorders, Parkinson's disease, depression, and anxiety disorders, aiming to enhance clinical understanding.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated schistosomiasis control programme in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023, so as to provide insights into precision control and elimination of schistosomiasis. Methods The integrated measures for schistosomiasis control implemented by health, agriculture, water resources, and forestry departments of Wuhan City, and the epidemiological data of schistosomiasis in Wuhan City were collected from 2005 to 2023, and the prevalence of human schistosomiasis, prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections in humans and bovines, areas of S. japonicum-infected snail habitats, areas of snail habitats in inner embankments, and actual areas of snail habitats were retrieved. In addition, the trends in prevalence of schistosomiasis in humans and livestock and snail status were evaluated in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 using Mann-Kendall test and a Joinpoint regression model. Results Mann-Kendall test revealed a tendency towards a decline in the prevalence of human schistosomiasis (Z = -4.41, P < 0.01), prevalence of S. japonicum infections in humans (Z = -4.89, P < 0.01) and bovines (Z = -4.50, P < 0.01), areas of S. japonicum-infected snail habitats (Z = -3.91, P < 0.01), areas of snail habitats in inner embankments (Z = -2.28, P = 0.02), and actual areas of snail habitats (Z = -5.95, P < 0.01) in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023. Joinpoint regression analysis showed an average annual reduction of 8.58% in the prevalence of human schistosomiasis in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 [average annual percent change (AAPC) = -8.58%, 95% confidence interval (CI): (-10.02%, -6.65%), P < 0.01], with two joinpoints in 2013 and 2016, respectively, and the tendency towards a decline showed statistical significance during the period from 2013 through 2016 [annual percent change (APC) = -34.41%, 95% CI: (-40.36%, -20.01%), P < 0.01]. The prevalence of S. japonicum human infections appeared an average annual reduction of 51.91% in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 [AAPC = -51.91%, 95% CI: (-58.12%, -44.25%), P < 0.01], with two joinpoints in 2014 and 2017, respectively, and the tendency towards a decline showed statistical significance during the period from 2014 through 2017 [APC = -98.17%, 95% CI: (-99.17%, -90.87%), P < 0.01]. The prevalence of S. japonicum infections in bovines appeared an average annual reduction of 53.12% in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 [AAPC = -53.12%, 95% CI: (-59.65%, -42.44%), P < 0.01], with two joinpoints in 2011 and 2014, respectively, and the tendency towards a decline showed statistical significance during the period from 2014 through 2017 [APC = -98.63%, 95% CI: (-99.44%, -90.93%), P < 0.01]. The areas of S. japonicum-infected snail habitats appeared an average annual reduction of 47.09% in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 [AAPC = -47.09%, 95% CI: (-52.92%, -38.26%), P < 0.01], with two joinpoints in 2011 and 2014, respectively, and the tendency towards a decline showed statistical significance during the period from 2011 through 2014 [APC = -97.27%, 95% CI: (-98.65%, -88.06%), P < 0.01]. The areas of snail habitats in inner embankments appeared an average annual reduction of 4.45% in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 [AAPC = -4.45%, 95% CI: (-5.18%, -3.82%), P < 0.01], with three joinpoints in 2011, 2015 and 2018, respectively, and statistical significance was seen in the tendency towards a decline during the period from 2005 through 2011 [APC = -16.38%, 95% CI: (-20.15%, -14.25%), P < 0.01]. In addition, the actual areas of snail habitats appeared an average annual reduction of 2.65% in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 [AAPC = -2.65%, 95% CI: (-2.89%, -2.40%), P < 0.01], with a joinpoint in 2013, and the tendency towards a decline showed statistical significance during the period from 2013 through 2023 [APC = -4.06%, 95% CI: (-4.66%, -3.58%), P < 0.01]. Conclusions The integrated schistosomiasis control programme achieved significant effectiveness in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023, with a tendency towards a decline in morbidity due to schistosomiasis in humans and livestock and snail status. The integrated schistosomiasis control strategy with emphasis on management of the source of S. japonicum infections should continue to be implemented to consolidate the schistosomiasis control achievements and achieve the goal of schistosomiasis elimination in the city.

Background and Aims:Unplanned reoperation is a critical indicator for evaluating the quality of surgical treatment and prognosis in patients with gastrointestinal perforation.Identifying its underlying causes,recognizing relevant risk factors,and developing effective preventive strategies are essential for optimizing treatment outcomes and improving patient prognosis.This study aimed to investigate the causes and risk factors of unplanned reoperation following surgery for gastrointestinal perforation,in order to provide clinical guidance for targeted interventions.Methods:The clinical data of 303 patients who underwent surgery for gastrointestinal perforation at the Department of General Surgery,Shijiazhuang People's Hospital,from January 2020 to July 2023,were retrospectively analyzed.Among them,218 were males and 85 were females,with a mean age of(61.05±17.95)years.Seventeen patients experienced unplanned reoperations after operation,while 286 did not.Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression were performed to identify the risk factors associated with unplanned reoperation.A predictive model was developed and its performance was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results:Among the 17 patients who underwent unplanned reoperation,14 were males and 3 were females,with a mean age of(65.76±15.11)years.The primary causes of reoperation included postoperative fistula(7 cases),postoperative bleeding(4 cases),surgical site infection(2 cases),wound dehiscence(2 cases),and stoma-related complications(2 cases).Univariate analysis indicated that gender,comorbidities,hypoproteinemia,history of abdominal surgery,ASA score,surgical grade,and disease duration were significantly associated with unplanned reoperation(all P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression revealed that male gender(OR=99.62,95%CI=4.90-2 025.29,P<0.05),hypoproteinemia(OR=8.59,95%CI=1.81-40.91,P<0.05),history of abdominal surgery(OR=17.28,95%CI=3.42-87.32,P<0.05),higher ASA score(OR=11.89,95%CI=2.73-51.72,P<0.05),higher surgical grade(OR=17.15,95%CI=2.47-118.93,P<0.05),and longer disease duration(OR=1.04,95%CI=1.02-1.07,P<0.05)were independent risk factors.The ROC curve analysis showed that the predictive model constructed based on the above factors had a sensitivity of 0.90,a specificity of 0.88,and an area under the curve of 0.94(95%CI=0.88-0.99,P<0.001).Conclusion:The leading causes of unplanned reoperation after gastrointestinal perforation surgery are postoperative fistula and bleeding.Male gender,hypoproteinemia,and other high-risk factors significantly increase the likelihood of reoperation.Although most such surgeries are performed emergently,comprehensive preoperative assessment of relevant risk factors is crucial to reduce the incidence of unplanned reoperation,and improve patient outcomes.

Diseases caused by animal virus infection seriously restricts the healthy development of animal husbandry.In-depth study of the molecular mechanism of viral replication and pathogenesis will provide theoretical basis for screening vaccine and drug targets.N6-methyladenosine(m6 A)modification occurs extensively in viral and host transcriptomes and affects viral replication and pathogenicity by regulating gene expression,which acts as a novel regulator of gene expression in addition to DNA and protein modifications.Insight into the regulatory molecular mechanism of m6 A modification in virus infection is the research hotspots and frontiers.In recent years,there are re-ports of alternation of the m6 A modification-associated epitranscriptomes and related function a-nalysis during virus infection.Here,we summarize the alternation of the epitranscriptomes induced by African swine fever virus(ASFV),porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus(PEDV),cestode virus(CSFV),porcine pseudorabies virus(PRV),Marek's disease virus(MDV),Newcastle disease virus(NDV),avian leukaemia virus(ALV)and duck hepatitis A virus(DHAV)infection,and the subsequent effects on viral replica-tion and pathogenicity.We also discuss the potential role and molecular mechanism of m6 A modification in animal virus replication and pathogenesis,which will contributes to the prevention and control for animal disease.

Background and Aims:Unplanned reoperation is a critical indicator for evaluating the quality of surgical treatment and prognosis in patients with gastrointestinal perforation.Identifying its underlying causes,recognizing relevant risk factors,and developing effective preventive strategies are essential for optimizing treatment outcomes and improving patient prognosis.This study aimed to investigate the causes and risk factors of unplanned reoperation following surgery for gastrointestinal perforation,in order to provide clinical guidance for targeted interventions.Methods:The clinical data of 303 patients who underwent surgery for gastrointestinal perforation at the Department of General Surgery,Shijiazhuang People's Hospital,from January 2020 to July 2023,were retrospectively analyzed.Among them,218 were males and 85 were females,with a mean age of(61.05±17.95)years.Seventeen patients experienced unplanned reoperations after operation,while 286 did not.Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression were performed to identify the risk factors associated with unplanned reoperation.A predictive model was developed and its performance was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results:Among the 17 patients who underwent unplanned reoperation,14 were males and 3 were females,with a mean age of(65.76±15.11)years.The primary causes of reoperation included postoperative fistula(7 cases),postoperative bleeding(4 cases),surgical site infection(2 cases),wound dehiscence(2 cases),and stoma-related complications(2 cases).Univariate analysis indicated that gender,comorbidities,hypoproteinemia,history of abdominal surgery,ASA score,surgical grade,and disease duration were significantly associated with unplanned reoperation(all P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression revealed that male gender(OR=99.62,95%CI=4.90-2 025.29,P<0.05),hypoproteinemia(OR=8.59,95%CI=1.81-40.91,P<0.05),history of abdominal surgery(OR=17.28,95%CI=3.42-87.32,P<0.05),higher ASA score(OR=11.89,95%CI=2.73-51.72,P<0.05),higher surgical grade(OR=17.15,95%CI=2.47-118.93,P<0.05),and longer disease duration(OR=1.04,95%CI=1.02-1.07,P<0.05)were independent risk factors.The ROC curve analysis showed that the predictive model constructed based on the above factors had a sensitivity of 0.90,a specificity of 0.88,and an area under the curve of 0.94(95%CI=0.88-0.99,P<0.001).Conclusion:The leading causes of unplanned reoperation after gastrointestinal perforation surgery are postoperative fistula and bleeding.Male gender,hypoproteinemia,and other high-risk factors significantly increase the likelihood of reoperation.Although most such surgeries are performed emergently,comprehensive preoperative assessment of relevant risk factors is crucial to reduce the incidence of unplanned reoperation,and improve patient outcomes.

Objective To investigate the status of application of the central venous access in the departments of hematology to develop targeted administrative strategies and provide evidence for management.Methods A self-de-signed questionnaire was applied and convenience sampling was adopted in 93 hematology departments from 48 hospitals in 19 provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities).Results A total of 91 valid questionnaires were col-lected,with a valid questionnaire response rate of 97.85％.Among the 91 hematology departments,91(100％),73(80.22％),and 68(74.73％)carried out PICC,central venous catheter,and totally implantable access port catheteriza-tion,respectively.In the evaluation of blood test indicators before central venous access,the items with a higher e-valuation proportion were platelet count(100％)and D-dimer concentration(87.91％),while the evaluation proportion of other items was＜85％.When PICC catheterization,97.80％of hematology departments prefer basilic vein;83.52％of hematology departments used zone insertion method;95.60％of hematology departments had a skin disinfection range of ≥20 cm;98.90％of hematology departments had catheterization under ultrasound guidance;67.03％and 96.70％of hematology departments used the intracardiac electrocardiogram method or ultrasound assisted localiza-tion,postoperative X-ray localization;12.09％and 53.85％of hematology departments carried out tunnel catheteriza-tion and blunt separation expansion techniques,respectively.In terms of maintenance of central venous access de-vices,82.42％of hematology departments used disposable specialized maintenance kits;61.54％of hematology de-partments used transparent patches to fix PICC;45.21％of hematology departments used suture to fix central venous catheters;24.18％of hematology departments used cotton swabs to disinfect infusion joints;60.44％of hematology departments did not use disposable infusion joint disinfection cap;74.73％of hematology departments used gauze compression to prevent puncture site bleeding;only 6.59％hematology departments used antibacterial dressings con-taining chlorhexidine to prevent puncture site infections.In terms of quality management of central venous access devices,94.51％and 86.81％of hematology departments regularly conducted quality inspections of central venous access,and collected,calculated and analyzed relevant data.50.55％of hematology departments conducted complica-tion risk assessments,and 10.99％of hematology departments had established information management systems for venous therapy.Conclusion The implementation rate of PICC catheterization in the hematology department was relatively high,and the insertion operation basically meets the standard requirements.The evaluation before central venous access catheterization was relatively completed,and the maintenance and management are relatively stan-dardized.However,the evaluation of blood test indicators before the placement of central venous access urgently needs to be standardized and unified.When PICC catheterization,attention should be paid to the application of new technologies,and the information management of venous therapy needs to be improved.

Objective To evaluate and integrate the facilitators and barriers to adherence to diet or exercise interventions in patients with overweight or obesity.Methods PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,CINAHL,Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang,and VIP Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched by computer from the establishment of the database to October 14,2023.The 2016 edition of the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)evidence-based health care center qualitative research evaluation criteria was used to evaluate and integrate the included literature.Results A total of 19 studies were included,and 38 outcomes were distilled into 12 categories,and the results were consolidated into facilitators(disease threat perception,self-body perception,self-adjustment,sense of responsibility,social support)and barriers to intervention adherence(poor treatment benefit,low self-efficacy,lack of knowledge,competitive priorities,extemal environmental constraints,economic conditions,poor intervention design).Conclusion There are many facilitators and barriers of diet or exercise intervention perceived by patients.It is suggested that follow-up intervention research should be used as a reference to improve the treatment compliance of patients.

Objective To assess the causality between 14 malignant tumors and hypertension.Methods Publicly available datasets from genome-wide association study were used,from which independent genetic variants strongly associated with hypertension and 14 malignant tumors were extracted as instrumental variables for bidirectional Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis,including random effect inverse variance weighted(IVW),simple mode,weighted median,weighted mode and MR-Egger to evaluate the causal effect.Sensitivity analysis was used to test the validity and robustness of the analytical results,and multivariate MR method was used to further control for the effects of confounding factors.Results In the MR analysis of malignant melanoma and hypertension,the study included a total of 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)strongly associated with malignant melanoma.After Bonferroni correction,the IVW-based results showed a causal relationship between malignant melanoma and hypertension(OR=1.67,95％CI:1.27-2.21,P＜0.001).Cochran's Q test,Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test and MR-Egger intercept test showed that there were no outliers and no horizontal pleiotropy among the instrumental variables,and the sensitivity analysis of the leave-one-out method showed that there was no single SNP that had a significant impact on the overall results.In the analysis of hypertension and leukemia,the preliminary analysis results showed that there may be a relationship between the two,but after adjusting for confounders,the effect of hypertension on the risk of leukemia was no longer significant.Conclusion Malignant melanoma may be a risk factor in the development of hypertension.