Aim To study the diastolic effect and mechanism of farrerol on isolated pulmonary arteries of C57BL/6J mice.Methods After anesthesia,mouse lung tissue was quickly removed and placed into the 4 ℃ K-H buffer,pulmonary arteries were isolated under the microscope and cut into 2 mm long vascular rings for spare use.(1)The effect of farrerol on the resting tension of isolated mouse pulmonary arteries:in the resting state,the active mouse pul-monary artery rings were treated with different concentrations of farrerol(10-6,3×10-6,10-5,3×10-5 and 10-4 mol/L).(2)Farrerol relaxed mouse pulmonary artery experiment:pulmonary arteries were contracted using phenylephrine(PE,1 μmol/L)or KCl(60 mmol/L),and when the contraction reached the platform,different concentrations of farrerol(10-6,3×10-6,10-5,3×10-5 and 10-4 mol/L)was added.(3)Farrerol inhibited pulmonary artery contraction experi-ment:under conditions with or without the addition of farrerol,pulmonary arteries were contracted using different concen-trations of PE(10-9,3×10-9,10-8,3 × 10-8,10-7,3×10-7 and 10-6 mol/L)or KCl(20,30,40,60,80 and 120 mmol/L),and the pulmonary artery muscle tension was recorded.(4)Calcium free and recalcification experiments:under conditions with or without the addition of farrerol,the changes of isolated mouse pulmonary artery tension were meas-ured in the state of calcium free or recalcification { 2.5 mmol/L[Ca2+]ex }.(5)The relationship between farrerol in-duced relaxation of isolated mouse pulmonary arteries and potassium ion channels:firstly,60 mmol/L KCl solution was used to contract the mouse pulmonary arteries until the platform.Then,3 mmol/L aminopyridine(4-AP),2 mmol/L tet-raethylammonium(TEA),30 μmol/L BaCl2,and 10 μmol/L glibenclamide(Gli)were added and treated for 15 min.Subsequently,the pulmonary arteries were relaxed using a concentration gradient of farrerol.Results Farrerol had no significant effect on the mouse pulmonary arteries in the resting state,but had a concentration-dependent relaxing effect on the mouse pulmonary arteries pre-contracted with PE and KCl.While the pretreatment of 3×10-5 mol/L farrerol could sig-nificantly reduce the maximum contraction of mouse pulmonary arteries induced by PE and KCl(P＜0.01),as well as sig-nificantly reduce the contraction of mouse pulmonary arteries induced by KCl under calcium free or recalcification conditions(P＜0.01).Addition of the voltage-dependent potassium ion channel blocker 4-AP significantly reduced the maximum diastolic rate of mouse pulmonary arteries induced by farrerol(P＜0.01),while addition of the high conductivity calcium activated potassium ion channel blocker TEA,inward rectifying potassium ion channel blocker BaCl2,or ATP sensitive po-tassium ion channel blocker Gli had no significant effect on the vasodilation effect of farrerol(P＞0.05).Conclusion Farrerol has a relaxing effect on isolated mouse pulmonary arteries,and its mechanism may be related to open voltage-de-pendent potassium ion channels.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections in wild rodents in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of China, so as to provide insights into formulation of technical guidelines for monitoring of and the precise control strategy for S. japonicum infections in wild rodents during the elimination phase. Methods Two administrative villages where schistosomiasis was historically highly prevalent were selected each from Dongzhi County, Anhui Province, and Duchang County, Jiangxi Province as study villages. Wild rodents were captured from study villages with baited traps or cages at night in June and September, 2021. The number of rodents captured was recorded, and the rodent species was characterized based on morphologi-cal characteristics. Liver tissues were sampled from captured rodents for macroscopical observation of the presence of egg granu- lomas, and S. japonicum infection was detected simultaneously using liver tissue homogenate microscopy, examinations of mesenteric tissues for parasites, and modified Kato-Katz thick smear technique (Kato-Katz technique). A positive S. japonicum infection was defined as detection of S. japonicum eggs or adult worms by any of these methods. The rate of wild rodent capture and prevalence of S. japonicum infections in wild rodents were compared in different study villages and at different time periods, and the detection of S. japonicum infections in wild rodents was compared by different assays. Results The overall rate of wild ro- dent capture was 8.28% (237/2 861) in Dongzhi County, and the wild rodent capture rates were 9.24% (133/1 439) and 7.31% (104/1 422) in two study villages (χ² = 3.503, P = 0.061), and were 8.59% (121/1 409) and 7.99% (116/1 452) in June and September, 2021, respectively (χ² = 0.337, P = 0.561). The overall rate of wild rodent capture was 3.72% (77/2 072) in Duchang County, and the wild rodent capture rates were 6.91% (67/970) and 0.91% (10/1 102) in two study villages (χ² = 51.901, P < 0.001), and were 4.13% (39/945) and 3.37% (38/1 127) in June and September, 2021, respectively (χ² = 0.815, P = 0.365). Rattus norvegicus was the predominant rodent species captured in both counties, accounting for 70.04% (166/237) of all captured wild rodents in Dongzhi County and 88.31% (68/77) in Duchang County. No S. japonicum infection was detected in wild rodents captured in Duchang County. Nevertheless, the overall prevalence of S. japonicum infections was 51.05% (121/237) in wild rodents captured in Dongzhi County, with prevalence rates of 50.38% (67/133) and 51.92% (54/104) in two study villages (χ² = 0.098, P = 0.755), and 54.31% (63/116) and 47.93% (58/121) in September and June, 2021, respectively (χ² = 0.964, P = 0.326). Of 237 wild rodents captured in Dongzhi County, there were 140 (59.07%) rodents with visible hepatic egg granulomas, 117 (49.47%) tested positive for S. japonicum eggs by liver tissue homogenate microscopy, 34 (14.35%) tested positive for S. japonicum eggs with Kato-Katz technique; however, no adult S. japonicum worms were detected in mesenteric tissues. In addition, hepatic egg granulomas were found in all wild rodents tested positive for S. japonicum eggs with liver tissue homogenate microscopy. Conclusions The rate of wild rodent capture and prevalence of S. japonicum infection in wild rodents vary greatly in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of China, and the prevalence of S. japonicum infection is slightly higher in wild rodents captured in autumn than in summer. Liver tissue is recommended as the preferred sample for surveillance of S. japonicum infection in wild rodents, and a combination of macroscopical observation of hepatic egg granulomas and liver tissue homogenate microscopy may be a standard method for surveillance of S. japonicum infection in wild rodents.

How to use family doctors as a starting point to improve the level of chronic disease management is still a ma-jor challenge in China.This study summarizes the current chronic disease management models,family doctor contract service models,and new digital health technologies in China.It expounds the connection between the three and explores the advantages of new digital health technologies in chronic disease management and family doctor contract services,aiming to provide a solid theoretical foundation for improving the level of chronic disease management.

Aim To study the diastolic effect and mechanism of farrerol on isolated pulmonary arteries of C57BL/6J mice.Methods After anesthesia,mouse lung tissue was quickly removed and placed into the 4 ℃ K-H buffer,pulmonary arteries were isolated under the microscope and cut into 2 mm long vascular rings for spare use.(1)The effect of farrerol on the resting tension of isolated mouse pulmonary arteries:in the resting state,the active mouse pul-monary artery rings were treated with different concentrations of farrerol(10-6,3×10-6,10-5,3×10-5 and 10-4 mol/L).(2)Farrerol relaxed mouse pulmonary artery experiment:pulmonary arteries were contracted using phenylephrine(PE,1 μmol/L)or KCl(60 mmol/L),and when the contraction reached the platform,different concentrations of farrerol(10-6,3×10-6,10-5,3×10-5 and 10-4 mol/L)was added.(3)Farrerol inhibited pulmonary artery contraction experi-ment:under conditions with or without the addition of farrerol,pulmonary arteries were contracted using different concen-trations of PE(10-9,3×10-9,10-8,3 × 10-8,10-7,3×10-7 and 10-6 mol/L)or KCl(20,30,40,60,80 and 120 mmol/L),and the pulmonary artery muscle tension was recorded.(4)Calcium free and recalcification experiments:under conditions with or without the addition of farrerol,the changes of isolated mouse pulmonary artery tension were meas-ured in the state of calcium free or recalcification { 2.5 mmol/L[Ca2+]ex }.(5)The relationship between farrerol in-duced relaxation of isolated mouse pulmonary arteries and potassium ion channels:firstly,60 mmol/L KCl solution was used to contract the mouse pulmonary arteries until the platform.Then,3 mmol/L aminopyridine(4-AP),2 mmol/L tet-raethylammonium(TEA),30 μmol/L BaCl2,and 10 μmol/L glibenclamide(Gli)were added and treated for 15 min.Subsequently,the pulmonary arteries were relaxed using a concentration gradient of farrerol.Results Farrerol had no significant effect on the mouse pulmonary arteries in the resting state,but had a concentration-dependent relaxing effect on the mouse pulmonary arteries pre-contracted with PE and KCl.While the pretreatment of 3×10-5 mol/L farrerol could sig-nificantly reduce the maximum contraction of mouse pulmonary arteries induced by PE and KCl(P＜0.01),as well as sig-nificantly reduce the contraction of mouse pulmonary arteries induced by KCl under calcium free or recalcification conditions(P＜0.01).Addition of the voltage-dependent potassium ion channel blocker 4-AP significantly reduced the maximum diastolic rate of mouse pulmonary arteries induced by farrerol(P＜0.01),while addition of the high conductivity calcium activated potassium ion channel blocker TEA,inward rectifying potassium ion channel blocker BaCl2,or ATP sensitive po-tassium ion channel blocker Gli had no significant effect on the vasodilation effect of farrerol(P＞0.05).Conclusion Farrerol has a relaxing effect on isolated mouse pulmonary arteries,and its mechanism may be related to open voltage-de-pendent potassium ion channels.

How to use family doctors as a starting point to improve the level of chronic disease management is still a ma-jor challenge in China.This study summarizes the current chronic disease management models,family doctor contract service models,and new digital health technologies in China.It expounds the connection between the three and explores the advantages of new digital health technologies in chronic disease management and family doctor contract services,aiming to provide a solid theoretical foundation for improving the level of chronic disease management.

Objective To study the protective effect of helmet on human head injury under continuous frontal blast shock wave.Methods A finite element head-helmet coupling model was established to analyze the effects of helmets on biomechanical response parameters such as intracranial pressure and cranial pressure under single frontal blast and continuous frontal blast shock wave.The dynamic changing law of brain tissues in the blast environment was discussed to evaluate the protective performance of helmets on human head.Results In the case of single frontal blast impact,the helmet could effectively reduce intracranial pressure in the frontal lobe,occipital lobe,and parietal lobe by 32%,38%,and 19%,respectively,as well as peak stress at the rear of the skull.In the case of continuous frontal blast impact,the helmet could reduce intracranial pressure in the parietal lobe and occipital lobe by 36%and 21%,respectively,but its effect on intracranial pressure in the frontal lobe was limited due to the lack of facial protection.Conclusions Compared to single blast shock wave,continuous frontal blast shock wave has a more severe impact on craniocerebral injury due to its long effective effects on the head.Since the shock wave propagates from different directions and heights,the protective effect of the helmet on the face is minimal.This study can provide important references for biomechanical research of human head injury under continuous frontal blast shock wave and the design of new helmets.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of occurrence of complications after fenestrated or branched endovascular aortic repair (F/B-EVAR) for complex thoracoabdominal aortic diseases. Methods Clinical materials of 147 patients with F/B-EVAR for thoracoabdominal aortic diseases in the Department of Vascular Surgery of Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Nanjing University from 2021 to 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Multivariate correlation analysis was used to explore the risk factors for postoperative complications during the mid-term follow-up. Results There were 13 postoperative deaths, with a mortality rate of 8.8%; 52 patients experienced overall surgery-related complications, with an incidence rate of 35.4%; 31 patients had postoperative endoleaks, with an endoleak rate of 21.1%; 14 patients had branch stent-related endoleaks, involving 14 branches; and 4 patients had branch occlusion, involving 5 branches. The re-intervention rate in this study was 20.4% (30/147), with 20 cases (13.6%) of postoperative renal insufficiency and 1 case of postoperative paraplegia due to spinal cord ischemia, as well as 1 case of postoperative stent infection. Risk factor analysis for postoperative mortality, overall complications, endoleaks, and postoperative renal failure was conducted, and the risk factors for overall complications included preoperative renal insufficiency, aortic disease, aortic tortuosity angle >60 °, and average number of branch reconstructions. The independent influencing factors for postoperative endoleaks included gender, age, history of renal insufficiency, history of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), aortic tortuosity angle >60°, and true lumen diameter in thoracoabdominal aortic dissection (TAAD). The independent influencing factor for postoperative renal failure was preoperative renal insufficiency. Conclusion Female, age, thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA), history of renal insufficiency, history of TEVAR, aortic tortuosity angle >60°, and true lumen diameter in TAAD are the influencing factors for postoperative complications in patients with thoracoabdominal aortic diseases, and the possible related factors are TAAA sac diameter and TAAD false lumen diameter.

Objective To study the protective effect of helmet on human head injury under continuous frontal blast shock wave.Methods A finite element head-helmet coupling model was established to analyze the effects of helmets on biomechanical response parameters such as intracranial pressure and cranial pressure under single frontal blast and continuous frontal blast shock wave.The dynamic changing law of brain tissues in the blast environment was discussed to evaluate the protective performance of helmets on human head.Results In the case of single frontal blast impact,the helmet could effectively reduce intracranial pressure in the frontal lobe,occipital lobe,and parietal lobe by 32%,38%,and 19%,respectively,as well as peak stress at the rear of the skull.In the case of continuous frontal blast impact,the helmet could reduce intracranial pressure in the parietal lobe and occipital lobe by 36%and 21%,respectively,but its effect on intracranial pressure in the frontal lobe was limited due to the lack of facial protection.Conclusions Compared to single blast shock wave,continuous frontal blast shock wave has a more severe impact on craniocerebral injury due to its long effective effects on the head.Since the shock wave propagates from different directions and heights,the protective effect of the helmet on the face is minimal.This study can provide important references for biomechanical research of human head injury under continuous frontal blast shock wave and the design of new helmets.

Infertility treatment with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) involves several processes such as the production of zygote (fusion of sperm and oocyte), the culturing of embryos (from zygote to blastocyst stage), and embryo transfer to uterus. The development of culturing embryos from zygote to blastocyst stage is typically called "embryo preimplantation development". In human, it has been noted that from zygote to 8-cell stage of embryo development relies on the accumulation of proteins and mRNAs which the oocyte itself has got, and then continues to develop into the blastocyst stage after zygote genome activation (ZGA). Therefore, in vitro culture of embryos from zygote to blastocyst stage is relatively important for IVF treatment. The composition of culture media directly affects the development of embryos, and in turn, subsequently affects the outcome of the IVF treatment. Among them, lactate may play an important role in early cleavage of zygote during embryonic development cultured in vitro. In this review, we discussed the composition of developed media from zygote to blastocyst stage, dealing especially with the function of lactate in culture for embryonic development. Concurrently, we discussed commercially available materials for the lactate that are used in the making of culture media.

Infertility treatment with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) involves several processes such as the production of zygote (fusion of sperm and oocyte), the culturing of embryos (from zygote to blastocyst stage), and embryo transfer to uterus. The development of culturing embryos from zygote to blastocyst stage is typically called "embryo preimplantation development". In human, it has been noted that from zygote to 8-cell stage of embryo development relies on the accumulation of proteins and mRNAs which the oocyte itself has got, and then continues to develop into the blastocyst stage after zygote genome activation (ZGA). Therefore, in vitro culture of embryos from zygote to blastocyst stage is relatively important for IVF treatment. The composition of culture media directly affects the development of embryos, and in turn, subsequently affects the outcome of the IVF treatment. Among them, lactate may play an important role in early cleavage of zygote during embryonic development cultured in vitro. In this review, we discussed the composition of developed media from zygote to blastocyst stage, dealing especially with the function of lactate in culture for embryonic development. Concurrently, we discussed commercially available materials for the lactate that are used in the making of culture media.