The success of implementation research is closely tied to the institution's pre-implementation readiness. This study aims to explore the organizational readiness for change (ORC) and its influencing factors on primary healthcare settings in the implementation of the "Shared Medical Appointment for Diabetes (SMART) in China: design of an optimization trial" and to enhance ORC and provide insights to support the effective implementation of the program.

This study aimed to localize the workplace readiness questionnaire (WRQ) and validate its applicability for assessing readiness for implementation of evidence-based practices (EBP) in primary care settings in China. The localization of the instrument will provide a practical instrument for assessing organizational readiness for change (ORC).

BACKGROUND: The urban-rural disparities in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents are narrowing, and there is a need for long-term and updated data to explain this inequality, understand the underlying mechanisms, and identify priority groups for interventions. METHODS: We analyzed data from seven rounds of the Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health (CNSSCH) conducted from 1985 to 2019, focusing on school-age children and adolescents aged 7-18 years. Joinpoint regression was used to identify inflection points (indicating a change in the trend) in the prevalence of overweight and obesity during the study period, stratified by urban/rural areas and sex. Annual percent change (APC), average annual percent change (AAPC), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to describe changes in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Polynomial regression models were used to predict the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in 2025 and 2030, considering urban/rural areas, sex, and age groups. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban boys and girls showed an inflection point of 2000, with AAPC values of 10.09% (95% CI: 7.33-12.92%, t = 7.414, P <0.001) and 8.67% (95% CI: 6.10-11.30%, t = 6.809, P <0.001), respectively. The APC for urban boys decreased from 18.31% (95% CI: 4.72-33.67%, t = 5.926, P = 0.027) to 4.01% (95% CI: 1.33-6.75%, t = 6.486, P = 0.023), while the APC for urban girls decreased from 13.88% (95% CI: 1.82-27.38%, t = 4.994, P = 0.038) to 4.72% (95% CI: 1.43-8.12%, t = 6.215, P = 0.025). However, no inflection points were observed in the best-fit models for rural boys and girls during the period 1985-2019. The prevalence of overweight and obesity for both urban and rural boys is expected to converge at 35.76% by approximately 2027. A similar pattern is observed for urban and rural girls, with a prevalence of overweight and obesity reaching 20.86% in 2025. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents has been steadily increasing from 1985 to 2019. A complete reversal in urban-rural prevalence is expected by 2027, with a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in rural areas. Urgent action is needed to address health inequities and increase investments, particularly policies targeting rural children and adolescents.
Humans ; Child ; Adolescent ; Female ; Male ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data* ; Overweight/epidemiology* ; Prevalence ; China/epidemiology* ; Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology* ; Obesity/epidemiology* ; Urban Population

In the field of healthcare service, it is crucial to optimize medical innovation services by combining the preferences of health service providers and demanders (i.e., stakeholders). The best-worst scaling (BWS) method is a recently developed stated preference method for assessing preferences with distinctive advantages. Nevertheless, there is a lack of a comprehensive introduction to stakeholder preference assessment using BWS, thus constraining its applications and promotion. This paper introduces the process of using BWS to assess service providers' preferences for the Shared Medical Appointment for diabetes (SMART), an integrated healthcare service of medicine and health management, in the hope of providing reference for researchers for promoting the use of BWS in implementation research.

Acute hepatic porphyria （AHP） is a rare disease with abnormal heme metabolism， and breakthroughs have been made in the treatment of this disease in recent years. In addition to conventional treatment methods， this article reviews new therapies for AHP that are in the stage of initial clinical application or are still in the research stage， including RNAi therapy， enzyme replacement therapy， genetic supplementation of DNA or mRNA， drug molecular chaperones， and glycine transporter inhibitors for reducing heme synthesis. Moreover， this article also reviews the treatment of AHP-related comorbidities and complications， such as hyponatremia and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. High glucose infusion is the main treatment method for AHP in China， and the improvement in diagnosis and increased attention to rare diseases in China has promoted the development of the diagnosis and treatment of AHP， and it is expected to explore more suitable treatment methods for AHP in the Chinese population in the future.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of comorbidity of spinal curvature abnormality and malnutrition among primary and secondary school students aged 10-18 years in Tianjin in 2023, so as to provide scientific basis for the combined prevention of common diseases and multiple diseases among students and the construction of school health system. Methods: In September to October 2023, 31 884 primary and secondary school students aged 10 to 18 years in Tianjin were selected using stratified cluster random sampling. Abnormal spinal curvature in children and adolescents was assessed by Sereening of Spinal Curvature Abnormality of Children and Adolescents, while stunting, wasting, overweight, and obesity were determined according to the Screening for Malnutrition among Schoolage Children and Adolescents and Screening for Overweight and Obesity among Schoolage Children and Adolescents. The χ2 test was used to compare betweengroup differences in coprevalence, and multiple Logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk of different comorbidity types in different clusters. Results: The coprevalence of spinal curvature abnormality and malnutrition among primary and secondary school students in Tianjin was 1.6%, which was higher for girls than boys (1.8%, 1.4%), higher (2.5%) for senior high schools than for junior high schools and elementary schools (2.0%, 0.5%), and higher in rural than in urban areas (2.1%, 1.1%) (χ2=9.45, 141.92, 46.94, P<0.05). Multiple Logistic regression models showed that junior high school girls had a higher risk of incorrect posture comorbid with stunting and wasting (OR=4.52, 95%CI=1.84-11.06) and incorrect posture comorbid with overweight and obesity (OR=2.67, 95%CI=1.74-4.10) than boys, and that scoliosis/sagittal spinal abnormality comorbid with stunting and wasting (OR=0.10, 95%CI=0.02-0.44) risk was lower than that of boys, senior high school girls had a lower risk of scoliosis/sagittal spinal abnormality comorbid with overweight and obesity (OR=0.27, 95%CI=0.11-0.66) (P<0.05). Conclusions The coprevalence of spinal curvature abnormality and malnutrition is specific among primary and secondary school students in Tianjin, and the comorbidity type varies by gender and education stage. There is a need to increase prevention and control of spinal curvature abnormalities in school health working, intensive screening of key populations, and timely intervention.

Objective To explore the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and psychological stress before parachuting training among parachuting trainees and the mediating role of resilience between them.Methods Anxiety sensitivity index scale(version 3),resilience scale,psychological stress self-evaluation test and self-compiled general information questionnaire were employed for 258 parachuting trainees before training.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlations among anxiety sensitivity,resilience and psychological stress.A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted with anxiety sensitivity and resilience as independent variables and psychological stress as dependent variable to explore the relationships among these 3 factors.The mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and psychological stress was examined using the Hayes Process macro program and bias corrected non-parametric percentile Bootstrap method.Results Before parachuting training,the prevalence of psychological stress among parachuting trainees was 5.0%(13/258).The correlations between anxiety sensitivity,resilience and psychological stress were significant(all P＜0.01).Anxiety sensitivity was positively associated with psychological stress among parachuting trainees(b=0.412,t=7.062,P＜0.01),while resilience was negatively associated with psychological stress(b=-0.187,t=-3.722,P＜0.01).Anxiety sensitivity and resilience were found to explain 31.4%of the total variance.Resilience partially mediated the effect of anxiety sensitivity on psychological stress,accounting for 20.48%of the total effect.Conclusion Parachuting trainees are at a relatively low stress level,with good psychological adaptation.Resilience plays a partial mediating role in the association between anxiety sensitivity and psychological stress.More attention should be paid to parachuting trainees with high anxiety sensitivity,enhancing their resilience,and reducing psychological stress before parachuting training.

Objective:To summarize the clinical manifestations, neuroelectrophysiological characteristics and prognoses of Movan syndrome (MoS), and provide references for early diagnoses and prognoses.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed. The clinical data, such as clinical symptoms, treatments and prognoses, laboratory test results and electrophysiological test results, of 13 patients with confirmed MoS in Department of Neurology, He'nan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2018 to October 2023 were collected.Results:Ten male MoS patients and 3 female ones were included. Main clinical manifestations of 13 patients with MoS included myokymia, pain, numbness of limbs, itching all over the body, hyperhidrosis, urinary and defecation disorder, tachycardia, insomnia, anxiety and depression. Ten patients completed the autoimmune encephalitis antibody detection: 3 only had positive anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) antibody, 2 only had positive anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein1 (LGI1) antibody, and 2 had both positive anti-CASPR2 antibody and anti-LGI1 antibody. Eleven patients completed tumor screening and 4 tumors (thymoma [ n=2], lung squamous cell carcinoma [ n=1] and adrenal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [ n=1]) were noted. Ten patients completed electrocardiogram, including 3 patients with resting tachycardia and 2 patients with ST segment elevation. All patients completed the electromyographic examination; 12 patients showed abnormal motor unit potential, including myokymia potential, fasciculation potential and neuromyotonic potential; F-wave and/or M-wave post-discharge potentials were found in all patients. Follow up was performed for 1-12 months; in 9 non-tumor patients, 5 were improved in 6 patients accepted immunotherapy and one was improved in 3 patients received symptomatic treatment; in 4 tumor patients, only one was improved in 3 received immunotherapy. Conclusion:Myokymia, pain, urinary and defecation disorder, and severe insomnia are typical symptoms for MoS patients; serum anti-CASPR2/LGI1 antibody and electromyography results provide evidences for MoS diagnosis; early immunotherapy can improve the MoS prognosis, and MoS patients combined with tumors have poor clinical prognosis.

Objective:To establish an HPLC fingerprint of Shenling Baizhu Powder and Shenling Baizhu Pills; To evaluate the quality consistency of commercial Shenling Baizhu Powder and Shenling Baizhu Pills.Methods:HPLC method was adopted with Agilent TC-C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was 0.05% phosphoric acid-acetonitrile with gradient elution; the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min; the detection wavelength was 203 nm; the column temperature was 25 ℃. The HPLC fingerprints of Shenling Baizhu Powder and Shenling Baizhu Pills from different manufacturing enterprises were established and analyzed by using the Similarity Evaluation System of Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM (Version 2012) software for similarity evaluation, and the main chromatographic peaks were identified.Results:The control fingerprints of Shenling Baizhu Powder and Shenling Baizhu Pills were obtained. 73 common peaks and 79 common peaks were identified respectively. The similar degrees of all samples were over 0.92. The quality consistency of drugs different batches of different production enterprises was good. A total of 10 components were identified, including Liquiritin, Ginsenoside Rg1, Ginsenoside Rb1, Glycyrrhizin, Isoliquiritin, Ginsenoside Rd, Glycyrrhizic acid, AtractylenolideⅠ, AtractylenolideⅡ and AtractylenolideⅢ.Conclusions:The established HPLC fingerprints can quickly evaluate the formulation quality of Shenling Baizhu Powder and Shenling Baizhu Pills, providing basis the quality control.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of racanisodamine (654-2) on lung epithelial cell injury induced by X-ray in mice and unravel the underlying mechanism.Methods:Mouse alveolar epithelial cells MLE-12 were used to establish radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) model in vitro and divided into 4 groups as follows: control (no irradiation), radiation (16 Gy radiation), treatment 1 (16 Gy radiation + 2 μmol/L 654-2), treatment 2 (16 Gy radiation + 10 μmol/L 654-2), and inhibitor (16 Gy radiation + 10 μmol/L 654-2 + 2 μmol/L ML385), respectively. Cells were sampled at different time points after radiation. Cell senescence was detected with senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining. Cell colony-forming ability was detected to observe the recovery capability of cells after treatment. The expression levels of p21, p16, phosphorylated histone H2AX(γH2AX), nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), Nrf2 Ser40 site phosphorylation (p-Nrf2), p62, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) proteins were measured by Western blot. Cell apoptosis and the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by flow cytometry. The expression levels of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected according to the manufectuer instructions. The expression levels of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) mRNA were determined by real time reverse transcription PCR. Measurement data were expressed as Mean ±SD. Comparison between two groups was conducted by independent sample t-test, and comparison among multiple groups was performed by one-way ANOVA. Results:Compared with the radiation group, the proportion of cells with positive staining of SA-β-Gal was significantly lower and cell senescence were alleviated in the treatment 1 and 2 groups (all P<0.001). Compared with the radiation group, the expression level of γH2AX protein was significantly down-regulated ( P=0.037), cell apoptosis rate was significantly decreased ( P=0.026), the proliferation capacity of MLE-12 was enhanced ( P=0.004), GSH ( P=0.002) and SOD ( P<0.001) activity was enhanced and ROS production was declined ( P=0.001) in the treatment 2 group. The expression levels of Nrf2 and p-Nrf2 in total protein were up-regulated over the time of 654-2 intervention. Meanwhile, the expression levels of antioxidant proteins of NQO1 and HO-1 were up-regulated and that of GCLC and GCLM mRNA was also up-regulated. There were no significant differences in the number of cells with positive staining of SA-β-Gal ( P=0.145) and ROS production ( P=0.317) between the inhibitor and radiation groups after supplement of ML385, small-molecule inhibitor of Nrf2. Conclusion:654-2 can activate the Nrf2 pathway, enhance cell antioxidant capacity and inhibit cell senescence, thereby playing a protective role on radiation- induced lung injury.