Currently,a wide range of oral antibacterial materials are clinically used,including metal element antibacterial materials(such as silver,zinc,copper,titanium),and non-metal element antibacterial materials(such as fluorine).In recent years,cerium ox-ide nanoparticles have attracted great interest in the field of oral medicine due to their unique antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antioxi-dant,redox capabilities.At the same time,they also have the characteristics of promoting tissue regeneration,inhibiting biofilm forma-tion and good biocompatibility.To enhance the performance of oral materials,nanoparticles have been integrated into products such as composite resins,adhesives,and denture systems.Additionally,they have shown potential for modifying oral ceramic materials and an-ti-tumor effects.This review focuses on the latest research progress in various fields of oral medicine,including endodontics,periodon-tology,implantology,prosthodontics,and orthodontics,based on the biological characteristics of nano-cerium oxide.Our goal is to re-veal the potential of cerium oxide in the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases and to provide ideas and references for the expansion of clinical applications in oral medicine.

Diamond-Blackfan anemia(DBA),also known as congenital pure red cell aplasia,is a rare genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure,congenital anomalies,and severe red blood cell abnormalities.The rarity of the condition,and consequently limited patient pool and scarcity of research models,means that the pathogenic mechanisms associated with genetic mutations in DBA remain uncertain,and the clinical treatment options are limited.This review synthesizes the findings from zebrafish,mouse,and human cellular models of DBA mutations.We clarify the pathogenic mechanisms and monitor the progression of drugs into clinical trials,thereby aiding further in-depth explorations into the etiology and therapeutic advancements for DBA.

Clinical prediction models, which utilize clinical data and statistical methods, aim to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of medical decision-making and improve patient health outcomes. These models play a crucial role in optimizing healthcare decisions and tailoring treatments to individual needs. However, many studies currently face systemic challenges during the development process, including unclear model design objectives, redundant model construction, lack of clinical relevance in variable selection, and irregular data preprocessing. These issues finally lead to reduced model performance and limited clinical applicability. To address these challenges, this study systematically reviews relevant literature, including articles from the BMJ, and draws on practical research experience to propose a structured preparation process. This process aims to provide a scientific guiding framework for model development, ensuring the efficiency of subsequent model construction and the accuracy of predictions, thus laying a foundation for the application and advancement of clinical prediction models.

Clinical prediction models are statistical tools that incorporate multiple variables to predict the likelihood of specific outcomes, by which the accuracy and efficiency of medical decision-making can be facilitated and patient health outcomes can be improved. However, many current studies face problems, such as model construction and reporting irregularities, as well as questionable reliability, which limit their clinical application of clinical prediction model. Therefore, this study systematically reviews relevant literatures, including publications from journals like BMJ, and outline the steps involved in constructing clinical prediction models based on practical research experience. It also provides an in-depth comparison of commonly used methods during the construction process and proposes a comprehensive guiding framework to help researchers in the field to better understand and master the core concepts and practical skills of clinical prediction models for the purpose of improving their professional capabilities in the development, validation, and application of clinical prediction models.

Currently,a wide range of oral antibacterial materials are clinically used,including metal element antibacterial materials(such as silver,zinc,copper,titanium),and non-metal element antibacterial materials(such as fluorine).In recent years,cerium ox-ide nanoparticles have attracted great interest in the field of oral medicine due to their unique antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antioxi-dant,redox capabilities.At the same time,they also have the characteristics of promoting tissue regeneration,inhibiting biofilm forma-tion and good biocompatibility.To enhance the performance of oral materials,nanoparticles have been integrated into products such as composite resins,adhesives,and denture systems.Additionally,they have shown potential for modifying oral ceramic materials and an-ti-tumor effects.This review focuses on the latest research progress in various fields of oral medicine,including endodontics,periodon-tology,implantology,prosthodontics,and orthodontics,based on the biological characteristics of nano-cerium oxide.Our goal is to re-veal the potential of cerium oxide in the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases and to provide ideas and references for the expansion of clinical applications in oral medicine.

ObjectiveTo explore the listed varieties and prescription characteristics of Chinese patent medicines for stroke in China， explore the medication rules of Chinese medicine for stroke， and provide guidance for further clinical research and development of Chinese patent medicines. MethodsExcel 2021 and the Ancient and Modern Medical Record Cloud Platform （V2.3.5） were used to systematically mine and analyze the varieties and prescriptions of Chinese patent medicines for stroke in China. ResultsA total of 244 Chinese patent medicines （two for different dosage forms of the same prescription）， 1 736 approval documents for Chinese patent medicines， 792 manufacturers， and 83 varieties of protected Chinese patent medicines were finally included in the database. The top three dosage forms were capsules （75）， pills （53）， and tablets （42）. There were 28 Chinese patent medicines for stroke in the National Essential Drug Catalogue （2018）， 129 in the National Essential Medical Insurance， Industrial Injury Insurance and Maternity Insurance Drug Catalogue （2023）， and 4 in the National Non-prescription Drug Catalogue. Among the 138 prescriptions screened out， Chinese patent medicines mainly treated stroke patients with the syndrome of Qi deficiency and blood stasis. The top three most frequent medicinal herbs were Chuanxiong Rhizoma （63）， Pheretima （47）， and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma （47）. The medicinal herbs used were mainly warm， pungent， with the meridian tropism to the liver meridian. The correlation analysis showed that the herb pair with the highest support was Astragali Radix-Chuanxiong Rhizoma， and that with the highest confidence was Carthami Flos-Chuanxiong Rhizoma. Five herb combinations were identified based on the cluster analysis. ConclusionThe Chinese patent medicines for stroke mainly treat patients with the syndrome of Qi deficiency and blood stasis. The medicinal herbs used in the prescriptions mainly have the functions of activating blood and resolving stasis， extinguishing wind and stopping convulsions. Drug compatibility usually focuses on activating blood and resolving stasis， as well as expelling phlegm and opening orifices. This review of the varieties and prescription characteristics of Chinese patent medicines for stroke helps optimize clinical decision-making， guide drug research and development， promote medical research and scientific progress， and provide more effective support and guarantee for the treatment of stroke patients.

Objective: Accurate evaluation of inflammation severity in ulcerative colitis (UC) can guide treatment strategy selection. The potential value of the pericolic fat attenuation index (FAI) on CT as an indicator of disease severity remains unknown.This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of pericolic FAI in predicting UC severity. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 148 patients (mean age 48 years; 87 males). The fat attenuation on CT was measured in four different locations: the mesocolic vascular side (MS) and opposite side of MS (OMS) around the most severe bowel lesion, the retroperitoneal space (RS), and the subcutaneous area. The fat attenuation indices (FAI MS, FAI OMS, and FAI RS) were calculated as the fat attenuation measured in MS, OMS, and RS, respectively, minus that of the subcutaneous area, and were obtained in the non-enhanced, arterial, and delayed phases. Correlations between the FAI and UC Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS) were assessed using Spearman’s correlation. Predictors of severe UC (UCEIS ≥7) were selected by univariable analysis. The performance of FAI in predicting severe UC was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: The FAIMS and FAI OMS scores were significantly higher than FAI RS in three phases (all P < 0.001). The FAIMS and FAI OMS scores moderately correlated with the UCEIS score (r = 0.474–0.649 among the three phases). Additionally, FAI MS and FAI OMS identified severe UC, with AUC varying from 0.77 to 0.85. Conclusion Increased CT attenuation of pericolic adipose tissue could serve as a noninvasive marker for evaluating UC severity. FAI MS and FAI OMS of three phases showed similar prediction accuracies for severe UC identification.

Persistent and maladaptive drug-related memories represent a key component in drug addiction. Converging evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies has demonstrated the potential efficacy of the memory reconsolidation updating procedure (MRUP), a non-pharmacological strategy intertwining two distinct memory processes: reconsolidation and extinction-alternatively termed "the memory retrieval-extinction procedure". This procedure presents a promising approach to attenuate, if not erase, entrenched drug memories and prevent relapse. The present review delineates the applications, molecular underpinnings, and operational boundaries of MRUP in the context of various forms of substance dependence. Furthermore, we critically examine the methodological limitations of MRUP, postulating potential refinement to optimize its therapeutic efficacy. In addition, we also look at the potential integration of MRUP and neurostimulation treatments in the domain of substance addiction. Overall, existing studies underscore the significant potential of MRUP, suggesting that interventions predicated on it could herald a promising avenue to enhance clinical outcomes in substance addiction therapy.
Humans ; Substance-Related Disorders/psychology* ; Memory Consolidation/physiology* ; Animals ; Extinction, Psychological/physiology*

Objective: Accurate evaluation of inflammation severity in ulcerative colitis (UC) can guide treatment strategy selection. The potential value of the pericolic fat attenuation index (FAI) on CT as an indicator of disease severity remains unknown.This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of pericolic FAI in predicting UC severity. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 148 patients (mean age 48 years; 87 males). The fat attenuation on CT was measured in four different locations: the mesocolic vascular side (MS) and opposite side of MS (OMS) around the most severe bowel lesion, the retroperitoneal space (RS), and the subcutaneous area. The fat attenuation indices (FAI MS, FAI OMS, and FAI RS) were calculated as the fat attenuation measured in MS, OMS, and RS, respectively, minus that of the subcutaneous area, and were obtained in the non-enhanced, arterial, and delayed phases. Correlations between the FAI and UC Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS) were assessed using Spearman’s correlation. Predictors of severe UC (UCEIS ≥7) were selected by univariable analysis. The performance of FAI in predicting severe UC was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: The FAIMS and FAI OMS scores were significantly higher than FAI RS in three phases (all P < 0.001). The FAIMS and FAI OMS scores moderately correlated with the UCEIS score (r = 0.474–0.649 among the three phases). Additionally, FAI MS and FAI OMS identified severe UC, with AUC varying from 0.77 to 0.85. Conclusion Increased CT attenuation of pericolic adipose tissue could serve as a noninvasive marker for evaluating UC severity. FAI MS and FAI OMS of three phases showed similar prediction accuracies for severe UC identification.

BACKGROUND: Durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) failed to bring survival benefits to patients with epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) mutations in PACIFIC study (evaluating durvalumab in patients with stage III, unresectable NSCLC who did not have disease progression after concurrent chemoradiotherapy). We aimed to explore whether locally advanced inoperable patients with EGFR mutations benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and the optimal treatment regimen. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases from inception to December 31, 2022 and performed a meta-analysis based on a Bayesian framework, with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) as the primary endpoints. RESULTS: A total of 1156 patients were identified in 16 studies that included 6 treatment measures, including CRT, CRT followed by durvalumab (CRT-Durva), TKI monotherapy, radiotherapy combined with TKI (RT-TKI), CRT combined with TKI (CRT-TKI), and TKI combined with durvalumab (TKI-Durva). The PFS of patients treated with TKI-containing regimens was significantly longer than that of patients treated with TKI-free regimens (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20-0.66). The PFS of TKI monotherapy was significantly longer than that of CRT (HR = 0.66, 95% CI, 0.50-0.87) but shorter than RT-TKI (HR = 1.78, 95% CI, 1.17-2.67). Furthermore, the PFS of RT-TKI or CRT-TKI were both significantly longer than that of CRT or CRT-Durva. RT-TKI ranked first in the Bayesian ranking, with the longest OS (60.8 months, 95% CI = 37.2-84.3 months) and the longest PFS (21.5 months, 95% CI, 15.4-27.5 months) in integrated analysis. CONCLUSIONS: For unresectable stage III EGFR mutant NSCLC, RT and TKI are both essential. Based on the current evidence, RT-TKI brings a superior survival advantage, while CRT-TKI needs further estimation. Large randomized clinical trials are urgently needed to explore the appropriate application sequences of TKI, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. REGISTRATION PROSPERO; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ ; No. CRD42022298490.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy* ; ErbB Receptors/genetics* ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Mutation/genetics* ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use*