The universal salt iodization project is considered a successful example in the global public health field. In the past 30 years, most countries have implemented mandatory salt iodization policies, effectively improving the iodine nutrition status of the population and preventing the occurrence and development of iodine deficiency disorders. However, with the rising incidence of thyroid diseases in recent years, especially thyroid carcinoma (TC), the question whether excessive iodine supplementation will lead to an increase in the incidence rate of TC has aroused concern. There are significant differences in iodine nutrition levels among countries in the Asia-Pacific, and the iodine fortification policies adopted are also different. Therefore, this article will review the iodine fortification policies, iodine nutrition status, and recent incidence and mortality of TC in some countries in the Asia-Pacific, aiming to study the relationship between iodine fortification policies, iodine nutrition status, and TC incidence.

The universal salt iodization project is considered a successful example in the global public health field. In the past 30 years, most countries have implemented mandatory salt iodization policies, effectively improving the iodine nutrition status of the population and preventing the occurrence and development of iodine deficiency disorders. However, with the rising incidence of thyroid diseases in recent years, especially thyroid carcinoma (TC), the question whether excessive iodine supplementation will lead to an increase in the incidence rate of TC has aroused concern. There are significant differences in iodine nutrition levels among countries in the Asia-Pacific, and the iodine fortification policies adopted are also different. Therefore, this article will review the iodine fortification policies, iodine nutrition status, and recent incidence and mortality of TC in some countries in the Asia-Pacific, aiming to study the relationship between iodine fortification policies, iodine nutrition status, and TC incidence.

[Purpose]To analyze the incidence,mortality and survival of cancers in Xiamen City in 2020.[Methods]The data relating to the incidence and mortality of cancers in Xiamen was collected from the Tumor Registration Information Direct Reporting Platform of Fujian Province to calculate the crude rate,age-standardized rate by Chinese standard population(ASRC),cumula-tive rate,truncated rate and their rank.The 5-year survival rate was analyzed by Period Analysis method.[Results]In 2020,the reported incidence rate of cancers in Xiamen residents was 350.46/105.The ASRC,the cumulative rate(0～74 years old),and the truncated rate of incidence(35～64 years old)were 275.12/105,29.70％,477.37/105,respectively.The top five cancers of in-cidence were lung cancer,female breast cancer,thyroid cancer,colorectal cancer and liver cancer.The incidence of cancers in men was higher than that in women(ASRC:280.14/105 vs 271.45/105).The curde mortality rate of cancers was 150.62/105.The ASRC,the cumulative rate(0～74 years old),and the truncated rate(35～64 years old)of mortality were 109.62/105,12.27％,160.38/105,respectively.The top five cancer deaths were lung cancer,liver cancer,colorectal cancer,esoph-agus cancer and stomach cancer.The mortality of caners in men was much higher than that in women(ASRC:155.01/105 vs 69.11/105).The 5-year observed survival rate(OSR),relative sur-vival rate(RSR)and age-standardized relative survival rate(ARSR)were 53.09％(95％C1:51.80％～54.36％),56.30％(95％CI:54.94％～57.65％)and 48.14％(95％CI:46.67％～49.64％),respectively.The 5-year ARSR was lower in men than that in women(40.23％vs 57.75％).[Conclusion]The comprehensive diagnosis and treatment level of cancers in Xiamen is in the middle and above level of the country,but the incidence rate is high.Prevention and control should be strengthened,fo-cusing on the growth trend of thyroid cancer,lung cancer,breast cancer,colorectal cancer and so on.

Objective:To learn about the iodine nutritional status of children aged 8 to 10 years in Xiamen City after the reform of salt industry system, and to provide scientific basis for reasonable prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods:From 2017 to 2019, 6 districts were selected each year in Xiamen City 5 sampling districts were divided according to the oriation of east, west, south, north and center in each district. One town (street, hereinafter refered as to town) was selected from each sampling district. One primary school was selected from each town. For each primary school, at least 40 non-boarding children aged 8 to 10 years (age balanced, half male and half female) were selected. Edible salt samples in the households and random urine samples of children aged 8 to 10 years were collected, and salt iodine and urinary iodine contents were measured, while thyroid volume was examined by B-ultrasound.Results:From 2017 to 2019, the coverage rate of iodized salt in Xiamen City was 97.34% (1 206/1 239), 96.89% (1 214/1 253), and 93.33% (1 175/1 259), respectively; the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 96.13% (1 191/1 239), 95.61% (1 198/1 253), and 91.58% (1 153/1 259), respectively; the median urinary iodine was 182.90, 182.81, 164.00 μg/L, respectively. The prevalence of goiter of boys and girls was 1.01% (19/1 889) and 2.26% (42/1 862), respectively.Conclusions:After the reform of salt industry system, the iodine nutritional status of children aged 8 to 10 years is generally at an appropriate level in Xiamen City. However, the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt is reduced, which increases the risk of iodine deficiency for residents. Therefore, we should strengthen the propaganda of scientific iodine supplement, maintain a high consumption rate of qualified iodized salt, and prevent the harm of iodine deficiency.

Objective:To investigate the iodine nutritional status among children aged from 8 - 10 and pregnant women in Xiamen City before and after adjustment of salt iodine concentration, and scientifically evaluate the suitability of the new standard iodized salt adjustment policy for Xiamen City.Methods:In the pre-adjustment period (2011) and the post-adjustment period (2018), cross-sectional research methods and stratified cluster sampling methods were adopted in six districts of Xiamen City. The salt samples of residents and pregnant women, urine samples of children aged from 8 - 10 and pregnant women were collected to determine the iodine level; thyroid of children aged from 8 - 10 was examined. Changes in salt iodine, urine iodine and goiter prevalence before and after adjusting iodine content of salt were compared.Results:The median of salt iodine in residents after the adjustment (23.5 mg/kg) was significantly lower than that of before (28.9 mg/kg, Z = - 10.512, P < 0.05), the median of salt iodine in pregnant women after the adjustment (23.7 mg/kg) was significantly lower than that of before (29.2 mg/kg, Z = - 12.622, P < 0.05); the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in residents after the adjustment (95.7%, 1 196/1 250) was significantly lower than that of before (97.1%, 1 608/1 656; &chi; 2 = 4.250, P < 0.05); before and after adjustment of salt iodine concentration, the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in pregnant women was 94.7% (124/131) and 95.9% (579/604), respectively. No significant difference was found when comparing the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in pregnant women (&chi; 2 = 0.015, P > 0.05). There was significant difference in median urinary iodine (from 204.2 to 183.9 μg/L, detected in 652, 1 250 urine samples, respectively) of children aged 8 - 10 years ( Z = - 3.583, P < 0.05); the difference of iodine nutritional status in pregnant women before and after adjustment of salt iodine concentration(130.2, 130.8 μg/L, detected in 132, 604 urine samples, respectively) was not significant ( Z = - 1.715, P > 0.05). The thyroid goiter rate of children aged 8 - 10 years had reduced from 1.1% (14/1 239) to 0.2% (2/1 253), the difference was statistically significant (&chi; 2 = 9.195, P < 0.05). Conclusions:As a whole, the measure of control and prevention of iodine deficiency disorders through iodized salt is implemented well in Xiamen City. After adjustment of salt iodine concentration, the iodine status of children aged from 8 to 10 is adequate, but the pregnant women has showed iodine deficiency.

Objective To analyze the iodine nutritional status among pregnant women,breasffeeding women,0-2 years old infants,8-10 years old children,18-45 years old women and men in both urban and rural areas of Xiamen 3 years after promotion of new standard iodized salt.Methods The Huli and Xiang'an were selected as the urban and rural study sites in Xiamen City,from March 2015 to March 2016.Each study site was further divided into five geographic locations (east,south,west,north and center).In each location,one township was randomly selected.In each town,2 tap water samples,60 salt samples of residents,and urine samples of 40 children aged from 8-10 years old,20 pregnant women,12 breastfeeding women,0-2 years old infants,18-45 years old women and men were collected to determine the iodine level.The water iodine and urinary iodine were detected by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry;salt iodine was detected by direct titration.Results The medians of salt iodine in urban and rural were 23.0 and 25.3 μg/L,respectively.The coverage rates of iodized salt in urban and rural area were 99.3％ (298/300) and 94.0％ (282/300),respectively.The consumption rates of qualified iodized salt were 93.7％ (281/300) and 90.7％ (272/300),respectively.The medians of tap water iodine in urban and rural were 4.1 and 4.4 μg/L,respectively.In urban and rural areas,the medians of urinary iodine of pregnant women were 167.6 and 119.6 μg/L,respectively.The medians of urinary iodine of breastfeeding women were 121.6 and 101.2 μg/L,respectively.The medians of urinary iodine of infants were 165.9 and 110.5 μg/L,respectively.The medians of urinary iodine of children were 208.9 and 167.2 μg/L,respectively.The medians of urinary iodine of women aged 18-45 were 132.5 and 154.5 μg/L,respectively.The medians of urinary iodine of men aged 18-45 were 131.7 and 154.5 μg/L,respectively.Conclusions After 3 year promotion of new standard iodized salt,the iodine status of pregnant women in urban,breastfeeding women,0-2 years old infants,children aged 8 to 10 and adults aged 18 to 45 is adequate,but the pregnant women in rural has showed iodine deficiency.So surveillance and health education should be continuously strengthened in the future.Scientific salt iodization should continue to ensure the amount of iodine intake.