Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) in adolescents, providing evidence for early prevention and control strategies for cardiovascular structural abnormalities in adolescents. Methods: Data were obtained from the third follow up survey (from October to November 2023) of the "Huantai Children Cardiovascular Health Cohort", including 1 153 healthy adolescents with complete information. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare cIMT across different ALT level groups, and multiple linear regression was employed to analyze the relationship between serum ALT levels and cIMT. Results: Significant differences in cIMT were observed among Q 1, Q 2, and Q 3 ALT level groups [(0.56±0.04) (0.57±0.04) (0.59±0.04)mm, respectively; F=3.61, P <0.01]. After adjusting for covariates, multiple linear regression revealed a positive correlation between ALT levels and cIMT ( β=0.18, P <0.01). Gender subgroup analysis showed similar results in males ( β=0.19, P <0.01), but no statistically significant association was found in females ( β=0.07, P = 0.54). Conclusions Elevated serum ALT levels are associated with an increased risk of vascular structural damage in adolescents, especially in boys. Early detection and control of abnormal serum ALT levels can help to reduce early vascular structural damage and further reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular events.

Objective: To analyze the trends, gender, and age differences in the incidence of lip and oral cavity cancer in Chinese population from 1990 to 2021 and predict future incidence trends, providing a scientific basis for disease prevention and public health policy. Methods: Incidence data of lip and oral cavity cancer in Chinese population from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database from 1990 to 2021 were analyzed. The Joinpoint regression model was used to assess temporal trends, the age-period-cohort model was used to evaluate the independent effects of age, period, and cohort, and the Bayesian age-period-cohort model (BAPC) model was used to predict incidence trends from 2022 to 2044. Results: From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate of lip and oral cavity cancer in Chinese population increased from 2.39/100 000 to 3.76/100 000, and the crude incidence rate rose from 1.71/100 000 to 4.85/100 000. The incidence rate in males was higher and increased more rapidly than in females. Higher incidence rates were prevalent among older populations, a rapid increase in incidence rates occurred during 2003 to 2012, and earlier birth cohorts showed overall higher risks. BAPC predictions indicated a continued rise in incidence from 2022 to 2044. During this period, male incidence stabilized while female incidence increased at a relatively faster rate. Conclusion The incidence of lip and oral cavity cancer in Chinese population has revealed a continuous upward trend, particularly among males and older populations. Future prevention strategies should focus on these high-risk populations.

Objective: To investigate the association of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in adolescents, and to provide scientific evidence for the early screening and intervention strategy of cardiac structure damage. Methods: Data were obtained from the third follow up survey (October 2023) of the "Huantai Childhood Cardiovascular Health Cohort Study", including 1 156 healthy adolescents aged 12-17 with complete information. The sample population was stratified into low ( Q 1 group), medium ( Q 2 group), and high ( Q 3 group) ALT levels based on tertiles within the same gender and age groups. Inter group comparisons were conducted using analysis of variance and trend test. A multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between ALT levels and LVH, and stratified analyses were performed by gender and age groups. Results: With the increase of ALT quantile level, the detection rate of LVH showed an increasing trend ( Q 1: 3.7%; Q 2: 10.6%; Q 3: 16.7%, Z= 5.89 , P <0.01). After adjusting for potential covariates, compared with the ALT group ( Q 1), the group ( Q 3) increased the risk of developing LVH in adolescents ( OR=2.09, 95%CI =1.21-4.12). Stratified analyses by age and sex showed a significant association only in boys and younger individuals aged 12 to 14 years [ OR (95% CI ) were 2.64(1.04-7.67) and 3.24( 1.35 -9.06), both P <0.05)]. Conclusion Elevated serum ALT levels are associated with an increased risk of LVH in adolescents, and early detection and control of abnormal liver enzyme levels can help reduce early vascular structural damage and prevent adverse cardiovascular events.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) is a severe dose-limiting adverse event of chemotherapy. Presently, the mechanism underlying the induction of CIPN remains unclear, and no effective treatment is available. In this study, through metabolomics analyses, we found that nab-paclitaxel therapy markedly increased serum serotonin [5-hydroxtryptamine (5-HT)] levels in both cancer patients and mice compared to the respective controls. Furthermore, nab-paclitaxel-treated enterochromaffin (EC) cells showed increased 5-HT synthesis, and serotonin-treated Schwann cells showed damage, as indicated by the activation of CREB3L3/MMP3/FAS signaling. Venlafaxine, an inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake, was found to protect against nerve injury by suppressing the activation of CREB3L3/MMP3/FAS signaling in Schwann cells. Remarkably, venlafaxine was found to significantly alleviate nab-paclitaxel-induced CIPN in patients without affecting the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy. In summary, our study reveals that EC cell-derived 5-HT plays a critical role in nab-paclitaxel-related neurotoxic lesions, and venlafaxine co-administration represents a novel approach to treating chronic cumulative neurotoxicity commonly reported in nab-paclitaxel-based chemotherapy.
Paclitaxel/toxicity* ; Animals ; Albumins/adverse effects* ; Serotonin/metabolism* ; Mice ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride/therapeutic use* ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/metabolism* ; Middle Aged ; Schwann Cells/metabolism* ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy* ; Antineoplastic Agents

Curcumae Rhizoma, derived from the rhizome of Curcuma phaeocaulis, Curcuma kwangsiensis and Curcuma wenyujin, was called Ezhu in China. In the past, Curcumae Rhizoma extracts were obtained through water decoction or alternative methods, which showed significant anti-cancer effects. However, the mixed extracts contain various compound components of Curcumae Rhizoma, leading to an ambiguous mechanism of action for Curcumae Rhizoma extracts anti-cancer. Contemporary researchers have extracted the chemical components of Curcumae Rhizoma separately for experimental verification of its active ingredients in the anti-cancer field. Numerous studies demonstrated that curcumol, germacrone, β-elemene, and curcumin in Curcumae Rhizoma extracts have significant governing effects in anti-cancer activities. Pharmacological studies have shown that Curcumae Rhizoma suppresses cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, triggering apoptosis and regulating cellular autophagy to achieve anticancer effects. Here, we summarized the research progress of Curcumae Rhizoma on anti-cancer effects from 2013 to 2022, aiming to explore the deeper molecular mechanisms of Curcumae Rhizoma's active components in cancer treatment.

Objective To analyze the prevalence and related risk factors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the elderly in Zhoukanghang region of Pudong New Area,Shanghai. Methods Clinical data of 1537 elderly people (aged≥60 years old) in Zhoukanghang region of Pudong New Area,Shanghai from Aug. 2019 to Sep. 2022 were collected. Demographic data,cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure,blood glucose,blood lipids,etc.),family history of dementia,cerebrovascular history,and hippocampal magnetic resonance imaging data were collected,and the MCI was tested by the simple mental state scale (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). According to the clinical diagnostic criteria of MCI,the subjects were divided into MCI group and non-MCI group. The clinical data were compared between the 2 groups,and the independent risk factors of MCI were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 1537 subjects,226 cases (14.70％) were MCI patients and 1311 cases (85.30％) were non-MCI individuals. Among the 226 patients with MCI,138 had single domain amnestic MCI,33 had multiple domain amnestic MCI,11 had single domain non-amnestic MCI,and 7 had multiple domain non-amnestic MCI. The proportions of male,diabetes mellitus,hyperlipidemia,family history of dementia and cerebrovascular disease in the MCI group were significantly higher than those in the non-MCI group (all P<0.05),and the hippocampal atrophy was significantly higher than that in the non-MCI group (P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that family history of dementia,cerebrovascular history and hippocampal atrophy were independent risk factors for MCI in the elderly (all P<0.05). Totally 214 patients with MCI were followed up to Feb. 2023,of which 20 cases (9.35％) were diagnosed as Alzheimer's disease and 4 cases (1.87％) as Lewy bodies dementia. Conclusion The prevalence of MCI in the elderly in Zhoukanghang region of Pudong New Area,Shanghai is 14.70％. Family history of dementia,cerebrovascular disease and hippocampal atrophy are independent factors for MCI in the elderly.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of personalized pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for proliferative di-abetic retinopathy(PDR).Methods In this retrospective case study,76 patients(86 eyes)diagnosed with PDR and re-ceiving PPV in the Department of Ophthalmology of Songjiang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,from October 2019 to November 2022,were divided into the observation group(40 patients,46 eyes)and the control group(36 patients,40 eyes).Patients in the obseration group were treated with personalized PPV,while patients in the control group were treated with conventional PPV,After treatment,all patients were followed up for 12 months.The operation time,intraoperative use of heavy water and silicone oil,incidence of iatrogenic retinal tears and heavy water resi-dues,proportion of scleral buckling,preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and intraocular pressure(IOP),retinal reattachment rate at 12 months after surgery,and the incidence of post-vitrectomy vitreous hemor-rhage(PVH),diabetic macular edema(DME)and neovascular glaucoma(NVG)were compared between the two groups.Results The operation time of patients in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Intraoperative use of heavy water and silicone oil in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(both P＜0.05).The incidence of iatrogenic retinal tears and heavy water residues and the proportion of scleral buckling showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups(all P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in BCVA preoperatively,3,6 and 12 months postoperatively(all P＞0.05).BCVA in the observa-tion group was better than that in the control group at 1 day,1 week and 1 month after surgery(all P＜0.05).Compared with the preoperative value,BCVA increased in the observation group at 1 day,1 week,1 month,3 months,6 months,and 12 months after surgery(all P＜0.05);in the control group,BCVA increased slightly at 1 day and 1 week(both P＞0.05)and then increased significantly at 1 month,3 months,6 months,and 12 months after surgery(all P＜0.05).The two groups showed no statistically significant difference in IOP at 1 day,1 week,1 month,3 months,6 months,and 12 months postoperatively(all P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the retinal reattachment rate and the inci-dence of complications such as PVH,DME,and NVG between the two groups at 12 months postoperatively(all P＞0.05).Conclusion Personalized PPV can shorten the operation time,reduce the intraoperative use of heavy water and silicone oil,enhance the efficiency of the operation,and rapidly improve the visual acuity of PDR patients.

ObjectiveTo describe the epidemic characteristics of COVID-19 after policy adjustment from “Category B notifiable disease with category A management” to “Category B notifiable disease with category B management”， and to explore the protective effect of previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 on common symptoms of reinfection. MethodsHealthcare workers infected with SARS-CoV-2 in a grade A tertiary hospital in Shanghai were included in the study from December 4， 2022 to January 11， 2023. Data on demographic characteristics， clinical symptoms， medical history， and COVID-19 vaccination history were collected. We determined the epidemiological curve and characteristics， and then compared the difference in the severity of clinical symptoms between primary and reinfection subjects. ResultsA total of 2 704 cases were included in the study， of which 45 had reinfection， 605 （22.4%）were males， 608 （22.5%）were doctors， 1 275 （47.2%） were nurses， and 2 351 （86.9%） received ≥3 doses of COVID-19 vaccination. The average age of these healthcare workers was （34.9±9.1） years old. The number of cases with mild/moderate illness， asymptomatic infection， fever， headache， dry cough， expectoration， and chest tightness were 2 704 （100.0%）， 92 （3.4%）， 2 385 （88.2%）， 2 066 （76.4%）， 1 642 （60.7%）， 1 807 （66.8%）， and 439 （16.2%）， respectively. Reinfection was a protective factor for fever （OR=0.161， P<0.001）， headache （OR=0.320， P<0.001）， and peak body temperature （β=-0.446， P<0.001）. ConclusionFollowing the COVID-19 policy adjustment as a category B notifiable disease， healthcare workers at a grade A tertiary hospital in Shanghai predominantly experiences mild to moderate COVID-19 symptoms. Reinfection results in milder clinical manifestations， with a lower proportion of being asymptomatic.

Objective: To examine the association between secondhand smoke exposure (SHS) in indoor public places and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) in children and adolescents, so as to provide guidance for the prevention of early abnormal vascular architecture. Methods: The data were obtained from the second follow up of the Children Cardiovascular Health Cohort Study conducted from November to December 2021. A total of 1 297 children and adolescents for who completed data relating to sex, age, cIMT, physical examinations, questionnaires variables and blood biochemical indices, were included for analysis. Linear regression analysis was performed to examine trends in the levels of cIMT with exposure to SHS in indoor public places. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to assess the association between SHS exposure in indoor public places and cIMT after adjustment for potential covariates. Results: During the previous 7 days, 407 (31.4%) children and adolescents were exposed to SHS in indoor public places for 1-2 days, 86 (6.6%) for 3-4 days, and 82 (6.3%) for ≥5 days. The levels of cIMT in youth increased on different models, with the duration of SHS exposure during the previous 7 days ( t=3.30, 3.05, 2.87, P <0.05). After adjusting for various covariates, the cIMT values of children and adolescents were[0 day:(551.5±29.3) μm, 1-2 days:(554.0±28.6) μm, 3-4 days:(557.0±27.7) μm, ≥5 days:(559.4±27.5) μm]. Compared to those who were not exposed to SHS in indoor public places during the previous 7 days, those exposed for ≥5 days had significantly higher cIMT levels ( β=7.91, 95%CI=1.47-14.34, P <0.05). Conclusion Among children and adolescents, exposure to SHS in indoor public places remains high and is significantly associated with cIMT. The findings highlight the need for stricter regulation and tobacco control policies to provide healthy smoke free environments for children and adolescents, and to reduce the risk of early abnormal vascular architecture.

Objective: To examine the association between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in indoor public places and sleep deprivation, so as to provide a reference for strengthening the management of a smoking ban in public places and to promote better sleep in childhood. Methods: Data were obtained from the second follow up survey of the Huantai Childhood Cardiovascular Health Cohort Study, which was conducted from November to December 2021. A total of 1 284 children aged 10-15 years old were included in the study. The participants were assigned to four groups (0, 1-2, 3-4 and ≥5 days) according to the frequency which they were exposed to SHS in indoor public places in the previous 7 days. Multiple linear regression was performed to examine the trend of children s sleep duration with the frequency of SHS exposure. Multivariate Logistic regression was carried out to determine the association between frequency of SHS and sleep deprivation. Results: After adjusting for age, sex, grade, physical activity, intake of fruits/vegetables, intake of soft drinks, screen duration, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure, the average sleep duration of children who were exposed to SHS for 0, 1-2, 3-4 and ≥5 days in the previous 7 days was 8.48, 8.41, 8.20 and 8.06 h/d , respectively, and the average sleep duration decreased with exposure frequency of SHS ( t=5.96, 5.89, 5.91, P < 0.01 ). The proportion of sleep deprivation among children who were exposed to SHS in public places for 0, 1-2, 3-4 and ≥5 days in the previous 7 days was 40.02%, 43.07%, 54.65% and 63.41%, respectively. Compared to children who were not exposed to SHS in indoor public places in the past 7 days, those exposed for 3-4 days ( OR=1.93, 95%CI =1.19-3.15) or ≥ 5 days ( OR=2.95, 95%CI = 1.76- 4.94) had a significantly increased risk of sleep deprivation ( P <0.05). Conclusion Children s sleep time decreases with increasing frequency of exposure to SHS, and children who are frequently exposed to SHS are more likely to experience insufficient sleep. Smoking ban management in public places should be strengthened to promote children s sleep health, especially indoor public places.