ObjectiveTo compare the differences in color， odor， coumarin content and microbial community composition of Angelicae Dahuricae Radix（ADR） during different drying processes， and to explore the correlation between changes in microbial community composition and changes in quality indexes of ADR. MethodsThe fresh ADR was processed at three drying temperatures（50， 70， 100 ℃） by drying and steaming cutting， semi-fresh cutting and drying， fresh cutting and drying， and sulfur fumigation methods. The color values of samples were extracted by Adobe Photoshop 2022 software and subjected to principal component analysis（PCA）， electronic nose was used to identify the odor information of medicinal powders and subjected to loadings analysis， PCA， and linear discriminant analysis（LDA）， and high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was used to determine the contents of five coumarins（bergapten， oxypeucedanin， imperatorin， phellopterin， isoimperatorin）. The samples for microbial detection were taken from fresh dried samples， 50 ℃（dried and steamed cut， sulfur fumigated） samples， and 100 ℃（dried and steamed cut） samples when the water content was 50% and 14%， respectively. And the changes of microbial community composition during processing were determined by high-throughput sequencing method. The relationship between the changes of microbial community composition and the changes of odor， color and active component content of ADR during drying process was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. ResultsThe color quantification results showed that an increase in drying temperature led to the decrease of brightness value（L）， and the increases of red-green value（a） and yellow-blue value（b）， and the change of processing method had no obvious effect on the color of medicinal materials. The results of odor quantification showed that W1S， W2S， W5S， W2W and W1W sensor were sensitive to the odor changes of ADR and could be used to distinguish ADR decoction pieces from different processing methods. The results of HPLC showed that the coumarin content of ADR decreased with the increase of drying temperature and the delay of processing time， the optimal processing method was drying and steaming cutting method， and the optimal temperature was 50 ℃. High-throughput sequencing results showed that the dominant bacteria in ADR during processing were Achromobacter， Agrobacterium， Nocardioides， Mycobacterium and Enterobacter， the dominant fungi were Coprinopsis， Meyerozyma and Apiotrichum. The results of correlation analysis showed that the quality indexes of ADR were positively correlated with Agrobacterium， Mycobacterium in bacteria， Candida in fungi， and negatively correlated with Bacillus in bacteria. ConclusionThere are significant differences in the color， odor， coumarin content and microbial community composition of ADR in different drying processes， and the best drying method is drying and steaming cutting at 50 ℃. The relative abundance changes of 9 bacterial genera and 4 fungal genera are closely related to the quality formation of ADR during the drying process.

BACKGROUND:How to repair bone defect has been a clinical problem for a long time.The effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine have good biological activity and therapeutic effect,and the combination of effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and tissue engineering materials has a broad prospect in the field of bone repair.The combination of different effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and scaffolds has similarities in their functional relationships. OBJECTIVE:To collect the cases of the combinations of effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and scaffolds,then analogize tissue engineering scaffolds and effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine into two types of traditional Chinese medicine that generate compatibility relationships based on the inspiration of the compatibility of seven emotions and summarize the relationship between the two based on their functional relationships. METHODS:Relevant articles from January 1998 to January 2024 were searched in PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),using English search terms"traditional Chinese medicine,Chinese medicine,traditional Chinese medicine monomers,bone defect,bone repair,bone tissue engineering,tissue engineering,scaffold"and Chinese search terms"traditional Chinese medicine,effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,traditional Chinese medicine monomers,bone tissue engineering,bone tissue engineering scaffold,scaffold,tissue engineering,bone defect,bone repair."A total of 88 articles were included for review and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Both tissue engineering scaffold materials and active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine have been widely used in the field of bone repair.Although they have obvious advantages in osteogenesis,there are still many shortcomings.Many studies are dedicated to preparing composite materials from the two,hoping to exert a detoxification and synergism through the interaction between the two.(2)Some drugs and materials can promote each other in osteogenesis,antibacterial,and promoting angiogenesis,enhancing their original effects.Inspired by the traditional concept of prescription compatibility,this article summarized it as a"Mutual promotion"relationship and provided examples to support it.(3)Some drugs can enhance the strength of materials,while some materials can achieve sustained release and controlled release effects,increase drug loading and stability,or achieve targeted delivery of drugs loaded on them.The article summarized this unilateral enhancement effect as a"Mutual assistance"relationship.(4)The combination of some traditional Chinese medicine and materials can reduce the toxic side effects of the other party.The article summarizes this detoxification relationship as"Mutual restraint and detoxification."(5)The article provided a new perspective on traditional Chinese medicine composite scaffolds,inspired by the seven emotions compatibility relationship and based on the classification of action relationships.It introduced traditional Chinese medicine concepts into the field of tissue engineering,providing new research ideas for subsequent researchers of composite scaffolds,and providing certain convenience in material selection and matching.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Danhong injection on mitochondrial dynamics， morphology， and function in the rat model of chronic heart failure by mediating the adenosine 5'-monophosphate （AMP）-activated protein kinase （AMPK）/dynamin-related protein 1 （Drp1） pathway. MethodsFrom 75 SD rats， 15 rats were randomly selected as the sham group， and the remaining 60 rats were used to prepare a rat model of chronic heart failure by abdominal aortic constriction （AAC）. The modeled rats were randomly allocated into model， Danhong Injection （6 mL·kg^-1）， and captopril （8.8 mg·kg^-1） groups and administrated with corresponding agents for 15 consecutive days. The levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-pro BNP）， adenosine diphosphate （ADP）， adenosine triphosphate （ATP）， interleukin （IL）-6， IL-1β， and tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α and the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes Ⅰ-Ⅳ were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The changes in cardiac function were detected by echocardiography. The ultrastructural changes of myocardial mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Western blot was employed to assess the protein levels of AMPK， p-AMPK， Drp1， p-Drp1， optic atrophy 1 （Opa1）， mitofusin （Mfn2）， and fission l （Fis1） in the myocardial tissue. Real-time PCR was performed to determine the mRNA levels of Opa1， Mfn2， and Fis1， and immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of p-AMPK. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the model group showed elevated levels of NT-pro BNP， ADP， TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β （P<0.01）， declined ATP level （P<0.01）， weakened activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes Ⅰ-Ⅳ （P<0.01）， decreased left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） and left ventricular fraction shortening （LVFS） （P<0.01）， and increased left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole （LVDd） and leaf ventricular internal diameter at end-systole （LVIDs） （P<0.01）. Electron microscopy results showed that the model group presented heavily abnormal myocardial structure， with large areas of myofilament structure destroyed and dissolved， significantly enlarged residual structural gaps， and fragmented mitochondria. Western blot results showed that the model group demonstrated down-regulated protein levels of p-AMPK， Mfn2， and Opa1 （P<0.01） and up-regulated protein levels of p-Drp1 and Fis1 （P<0.01） in the myocardial tissue. Real-time PCR results showed that the model group presented up-regulated mRNA level of Fis1 （P<0.01） and down-regulated mRNA levels of Mfn2 and Opa1 （P<0.01）. Immunohistochemistry results showed reduced expression of p-AMPK in the model group compared with sham group （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Danhong injection lowered the levels of NT-pro BNP， ADP， TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β （P<0.01）， raised the level of ATP （P<0.01）， increased the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes Ⅰ-Ⅳ （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased the LVEF and LVFS （P<0.01）， decreased the LVDd and LVIDs （P<0.05， P<0.01）， alleviated mitochondrial damage， up-regulated the protein levels of p-AMPK， Mfn2， and Opa1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， down-regulated the protein levels of p-Drp1 and Fis1 （P<0.01）， reduced the mRNA level of Fis1 （P<0.01）， elevated the mRNA levels of Mfn2 and Opa1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and promoted the expression of p-AMPK （P<0.05）. ConclusionDanhong injection repairs the imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics， restores the mitochondrial function， improves the myocardial energy metabolism， and reduces the inflammatory response by regulating the AMPK/Drp1 pathway， thus improving the cardiac function.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.Methods:Clinical data of AECOPD patients over 65 years old who were diagnosed in the Respiratory and Emergency Departments of the Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from September 2022 to September 2023 were collected. AECOPD patients were divided into a COVID-19 group ( n=29) and a non COVID-19 group ( n=31). The platelet count, white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), partial pressure of oxygen (PO 2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO 2), D-dimer (D-D), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were compared between two groups of patients upon admission Confusion, Uremia, Respiratory, BP, Age 65 Years (CURB-65) was used to compare length of hospital stay, AECOPD grading, and mortality endpoint days. Results:There was no statistically significant difference in platelet count, white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, NLR, and PLR between the COVID-19 group and the non COVID-19 group (all P>0.05). The proportion of males, CRP, PCO 2, D-D, IL-6, and CURB-65 scores in the COVID-19 group were higher than those in the non COVID-19 group, while PCT and PO 2 were lower than those in the non COVID-19 group, with statistically significant difference (all P<0.05). The proportion of AECOPD grade Ⅲ in the COVID-19 group was significantly higher than that in the non COVID-19 group, and the progression rate of the disease was higher in the COVID-19 group (37.9% vs 22.6%, P<0.05). COVID-19 was an independent influencing factor for the progression of AECOPD. Conclusions:Patients over 65 years old with AECOPD infected with COVID-19 have a more pronounced inflammatory response, and CRP, IL-6, and CURB-65 scores can be used as indicators to evaluate the degree of inflammation. AECOPD infected with COVID-19 are more prone to coagulation disorders, hypoxemia, more severe illness, and easier progression, suggesting that COVID-19 infection is an independent influencing factor for the progression of AECOPD.

To compare the effects of advanced bone flap and no bone flap on the healing of osteotomy gap in open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OW-HTO) for the treatment of medial compartment osteoarthritis and knee inversion.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the 85 patients who had undergone OW-HTO from March 2021 to December 2021 at Trauma Emergency Centre, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University for medial compartment osteoarthritis and knee inversion. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether bone flap was grafted. In group A of 42 patients who received advanced bone flap intraoperatively, there were 32 females and 10 males with an age of (63.7±6.6) years; in group B of 43 patients who received no advanced bone flap intraoperatively, there were 31 females and 12 males with an age of (63.2±9.4) years. The measures recorded and compared between the 2 groups included: osteotomy gap healing rates at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months postoperatively; Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) at 6 and 18 months postoperatively; medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and femorotibial angle at immediate postoperation and 18 months postoperation; postoperative complications.Results:The differences in preoperative general information between the 2 groups were not statistically significant, showing comparability ( P>0.05). The osteotomy gap healing rates at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months postoperatively in group A were significantly higher than those in group B ( P<0.05). The WOMAC (26.1±5.9), VAS (4.1±1.4), and KOOS (47.0±9.7) scores at 6 months postoperatively in group A were significantly lower than those in group B (31.3±8.3, 4.8±1.6, and 56.1±11.9) ( P<0.05), but the differences in the above indicators between the 2 groups at 18 months postoperatively were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in MPTA or femorotibial angle at immediate postoperation between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). At 18 months postoperatively, the MPTA in group A (88.7°±1.1°) was significantly better than that in group B (87.7°±1.5°) ( P<0.05). The total complication rate in group B [27.9% (12/43)] was signifcantly higher than that in group A [2.4% (1/42)]( P<0.05). Conclusions:In the OW-HTO treatment of the patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis and knee inversion, application of an advanced bone flap to fill the osteotomy gap can accelerate the gap healing and reduces occurrence of delayed healing or non-healing of the osteotomy gap.

Objective To observe the influencing factors of early hypocalcemia after microwave ablation(MWA)for treating secondary hyperparathyroidism(SHPT).Methods Data of 82 SHPT patients who underwent MWA were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into hypocalcemia group(n=36)and non-hypocalcemia group(n=46)based on presence of early hypocalcemia after MWA or not.Patients'age,gender,body mass index(BMI),dialysis method,dialysis time and number of lesions were compared between groups,so were baseline blood calcium,blood phosphorus,intact parathyroid hormone(iPTH),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),hemoglobin,albumin,creatinine,uric acid and 2 5-hydroxy vitamin D3.Logistic analysis was performed to screen the influencing factors of early hypocalcemia after MWA.Results Significant differences of dialysis methods,number of lesions,blood calcium,iPTH and ALP were found between groups(all P＜0.05).Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the number of lesions,iPTH and ALP were all independent influencing factors of early hypocalcemia after MWA for treating SHPT(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The number of lesions,iPTH and ALP were influencing factors of early hypocalcemia after MWA for treating SHPT.

The NLRP3 inflammasome's core and most specific protein, NLRP3, has a variety of functions in inflammation-driven diseases. Costunolide (COS) is the major active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Saussurea lappa and has anti-inflammatory activity, but the principal mechanism and molecular target of COS remain unclear. Here, we show that COS covalently binds to cysteine 598 in NACHT domain of NLRP3, altering the ATPase activity and assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome. We declare COS's great anti-inflammasome efficacy in macrophages and disease models of gouty arthritis and ulcerative colitis via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We also reveal that the α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone motif in sesquiterpene lactone is the certain active group in inhibiting NLRP3 activation. Taken together, NLRP3 is identified as a direct target of COS for its anti-inflammasome activity. COS, especially the α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone motif in COS structure, might be used to design and produce novel NLRP3 inhibitors as a lead compound.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of circadian rhythm disorder of blood pressure and its impact on orthostatic hypotension (OH) in Parkinson′s disease (PD).Methods:A total of 165 PD patients from Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from August 2019 to October 2021 were consecutively enrolled. Medical history and scores of motor and non-motor symptoms of patients were collected. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure and OH data were collected, and the OH questionnaire was completed. The incidence of each type of circadian rhythm disorder of blood pressure was investigated. The t test, chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to determine between-group differences of circadian rhythm disorder of blood pressure. The linear trends in clinical characteristics were tested by linear regression analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between different circadian rhythm disorders of blood pressure and OH as well as symptomatic OH (SOH). Results:In 165 PD patients, the incidence of reverse dipping pattern was 39.39% (65/165), nocturnal hypertension was 43.64% (72/165), and awakening hypotension was 31.52% (52/165). Compared with patients without reverse dipping pattern, patients with reverse dipping pattern were older [(71.72±7.81) years vs (65.29±9.68) years, t=-4.491, P<0.001], had later onset age [(66.67±9.10) years vs (62.16±10.66) years, t=-2.809, P=0.006], longer duration [36.00(20.50, 95.50) months vs 24.00(12.00, 41.75) months, Z=-3.393, P<0.001], higher dose of levodopa (LD) [(426.15±267.38) mg/d vs (284.00±235.58) mg/d, t=-3.590, P<0.001], higher levodopa equivalent dose (LED) [(514.80±360.03) mg/d vs (341.44±284.57) mg/d, t=-3.440, P=0.001], higher Unified Parkinson′s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)-Ⅱ scores (12.92±6.38 vs 9.54±5.59, t=-3.434, P=0.001), higher UPDRS-Ⅲ scores (28.34±11.60 vs 21.41±12.18, t=-3.508, P=0.001) and higher percentages of hallucinations [18.46% (12/65) vs 7.00% (7/100), χ2 =5.079, P=0.024]. Compared with patients without awakening hypotension, patients with awakening hypotension were older [(70.83±7.09) years vs (66.44±10.16) years, t=-2.811, P=0.006]. Compared with patients without nocturnal hypertension, patients with nocturnal hypertension had longer duration [39.50(15.00, 96.00) months vs 24.00 (12.00, 36.00) months, Z=-2.944, P=0.003], higher LD [(398.61±251.19) mg/d vs (294.62±254.25) mg/d, t=-2.619, P=0.010], higher LED [(493.28±344.02) mg/d vs (345.05±298.59) mg/d, t=-2.959, P=0.004], higher percentages of hallucinations [19.44% (14/72) vs 5.38% (5/93), χ2 =7.882, P=0.005], higher UPDRS-Ⅱ scores (12.08±6.33 vs 10.00±5.86, t=-2.086, P=0.039), higher UPDRS-Ⅲ scores (26.50±11.72 vs 22.42±12.66, t=-2.034, P=0.044), and greater blood pressure variability (BPV) (20.66±5.47 vs 17.44±5.36, t=-3.798, P<0.001). Trend analysis showed that the variety of circadian rhythm was positively correlated with age and duration, use of levodopa and monoamine oxidase B inhibitors and amantidine, morning and daily LD and LED, UPDRS-Ⅱ, UPDRS-Ⅲ and Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores, hallucinations, OH and SOH, and BPV in PD ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that awakening hypotension ( OR=3.35, 95% CI 1.55-7.22, P=0.002) and nocturnal hypertension ( OR=2.44, 95% CI 1.20-4.97, P=0.014) were risk factors for OH, and LED ( OR=1.21, 95% CI 1.01-1.43, P=0.035), UPDRS-Ⅲ scores ( OR=1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.16, P=0.009) and w-BPV ( OR=1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.29, P=0.029) were independent risk factors for SOH. Conclusions:Circadian rhythm disorder of blood pressure was correlated with age, duration, severity of motor symptoms. Awakening hypotension and nocturnal hypertension are independent risk factors for OH in PD.

Existing neuroregulatory techniques can achieve precise stimulation of the whole brain or cortex, but high-focus deep brain stimulation has been a technical bottleneck in this field. In this paper, based on the theory of negative permeability emerged in recent years, a simulation model of magnetic replicator is established to study the distribution of the induced electric field in the deep brain and explore the possibility of deep focusing, which is compared with the traditional magnetic stimulation method. Simulation results show that a single magnetic replicator realized remote magnetic source. Under the condition of the same position and compared with the traditional method of stimulating, the former generated smaller induced electric field which sharply reduced with distance. By superposition of the magnetic field replicator, the induced electric field intensity could be increased and the focus could be improved, reducing the number of peripheral wires while guaranteeing good focus. The magnetic replicator model established in this paper provides a new idea for precise deep brain stimulation, which can be combined with neuroregulatory techniques in the future to lay a foundation for clinical application.
Brain ; Cerebral Cortex ; Computer Simulation ; Electricity ; Magnetic Fields

A case of a 69-year-old female patient, with cough, expectoration, chest tightness and shortness of breath for 10 days accompanied by left pleural effusion, was reported. Initially, a large number of suspected malignant lymphoma cells were found in the patient′s pleural effusion through routine cell morphological examination after admission, which was the direction of clinical diagnosis and treatment in the next step. Then the patient was diagnosed as primary pulmonary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) through imaging, bone marrow and lung biopsy pathology. Finally, the patient was treated effectively with R-CHOP regimen, but she died of respiratory failure 9 weeks later, because she did not receive regular follow-up and treatment after the sixth chemotherapy cycle. Primary pulmonary DLBCL, an extremely rare extranodal lymphoma' lacks specificity clinical manifestations and is easy to be missed and misdiagnosed. DLBCL with a large number of malignant pleural effusion progresses rapidly and has a poor prognosis. The routine cell morphology examination of pleural effusion is simple and intuitive, which can capture key information in the shortest time, preliminarily provide clinical diagnosis and treatment ideas, and provide accurate basis for disease diagnosis.