Objective: To evaluate the effects of dietary intervention on blood pressure and renal function in patients with hypertensive nephropathy, so as to provide dietary and nutritional guidances for this population. Methods: Hypertensive nephropathy patients who were treated at Zhucheng People's Hospital from March 2023 to February 2024 were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group. The control group received routine antihypertensive treatment and health lifestyle guidance. On the basis of the treatment and guidance received by the control group, the intervention group implemented dietary intervention in accordance with the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nutritional Therapy of Chronic Kidney Disease in China (2021 edition) for a period of 3 months. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured before and after the intervention, and serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), cystatin and β2-microglobulin were detected. Differences of indicators before and after intervention between the two groups were compared using generalized estimation equation. Results: A total of 83 patients with hypertensive nephropathy were followed up, including 43 cases in the intervention group and 40 cases in the control group. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, body mass index, duration of hypertension, family history of hypertension, hypertension grade, physical activity index, or smoking status between the two groups (all P>0.05). The differences in SBP, DBP, Scr, BUN, and UA between the two groups, as well as the differences before and after the intervention, were statistically significant, and there was an interaction between the groups and the intervention time (all P<0.05). After intervention, the levels of SBP, DBP, Scr, BUN, and UA in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The differences in cystatin and β2-microglobulin between the two groups and before and after the intervention were not statistically significant, and there was no interaction between the groups and the intervention time (all P>0.05). Conclusion Dietary intervention has a certain effect on reducing blood pressure and improving renal function indicators in patients with hypertensive nephropathy.

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a kind of microvascular disease caused by the long-term influence of diabetes mellitus(DM),and it is one of the main cause of global visual impairment and blindness.Its typical characteristics include microaneurysms,hard exudates,macular edema(DME)and neovascularization.Its pathogenesis is diverse,and the root cause is oxidative stress and advanced glycosylation end products.The nuclear red blood cell related factor 2(Nrf2)signa-ling pathway plays an important role in preventing various diseases.As one of the characteristics of DM,hyperglycemia will activate the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in mitochondria.These oxidative stress factors activate the nucle-ar transcription factor κB pathway,becoming the main inducement of various complications of DM.This pathway will in-duce increased transcription of proinflammatory cytokines,including tumor necrosis factor-alpha,transforming growth fac-tor-beta and interleukin-1.The active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine have significant antioxidant,anti-inflam-matory,anti-apoptotic and angiogenesis-promoting effects,and can block the progression of DR through various mecha-nisms.In this article,the research status of traditional Chinese medicine targeting the Nrf2 signaling pathway in the preven-tion and treatment of DR is reviewed to guide clinical and scientific research.

BACKGROUND:How to repair bone defect has been a clinical problem for a long time.The effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine have good biological activity and therapeutic effect,and the combination of effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and tissue engineering materials has a broad prospect in the field of bone repair.The combination of different effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and scaffolds has similarities in their functional relationships. OBJECTIVE:To collect the cases of the combinations of effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and scaffolds,then analogize tissue engineering scaffolds and effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine into two types of traditional Chinese medicine that generate compatibility relationships based on the inspiration of the compatibility of seven emotions and summarize the relationship between the two based on their functional relationships. METHODS:Relevant articles from January 1998 to January 2024 were searched in PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),using English search terms"traditional Chinese medicine,Chinese medicine,traditional Chinese medicine monomers,bone defect,bone repair,bone tissue engineering,tissue engineering,scaffold"and Chinese search terms"traditional Chinese medicine,effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,traditional Chinese medicine monomers,bone tissue engineering,bone tissue engineering scaffold,scaffold,tissue engineering,bone defect,bone repair."A total of 88 articles were included for review and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Both tissue engineering scaffold materials and active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine have been widely used in the field of bone repair.Although they have obvious advantages in osteogenesis,there are still many shortcomings.Many studies are dedicated to preparing composite materials from the two,hoping to exert a detoxification and synergism through the interaction between the two.(2)Some drugs and materials can promote each other in osteogenesis,antibacterial,and promoting angiogenesis,enhancing their original effects.Inspired by the traditional concept of prescription compatibility,this article summarized it as a"Mutual promotion"relationship and provided examples to support it.(3)Some drugs can enhance the strength of materials,while some materials can achieve sustained release and controlled release effects,increase drug loading and stability,or achieve targeted delivery of drugs loaded on them.The article summarized this unilateral enhancement effect as a"Mutual assistance"relationship.(4)The combination of some traditional Chinese medicine and materials can reduce the toxic side effects of the other party.The article summarizes this detoxification relationship as"Mutual restraint and detoxification."(5)The article provided a new perspective on traditional Chinese medicine composite scaffolds,inspired by the seven emotions compatibility relationship and based on the classification of action relationships.It introduced traditional Chinese medicine concepts into the field of tissue engineering,providing new research ideas for subsequent researchers of composite scaffolds,and providing certain convenience in material selection and matching.

Background and Aims:Sleeve gastrectomy(SG)has become the most widely performed bariatric procedure worldwide,but postoperative gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)remains a major concern.This multicenter study aimed to identify independent risk factors associated with GERD after SG to guide preoperative assessment and intraoperative management.Methods:Clinical data of 672 patients who underwent SG between January 2020 and December 2022 in six bariatric centers and completed a 12-month follow-up were retrospectively analyzed.Demographic characteristics,esophagogastric junction(EGJ)integrity graded by the AFS system,operative parameters,and postoperative outcomes were compared between patients with and without GERD.Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of postoperative GERD.Results:The overall incidence of GERD after SG was 24.7%(166/672).Multivariate analysis revealed that a preoperative BMI>35 kg/m2(OR=1.68,P=0.033),EGJ integrity AFS grade>2(OR=2.90,P=0.006),and preoperative reflux symptoms(OR=2.44,P=0.030)were independent risk factors for GERD.A staple line more than 1 cm from the angle of His(OR=0.45,P<0.001)and a bougie size>36 Fr(OR=0.08,P=0.001)were protective factors.Conclusion:High BMI,impaired EGJ integrity,and preoperative reflux symptoms significantly increase the risk of GERD after SG,whereas adequate preservation of the His angle and appropriate bougie calibration may reduce it.Comprehensive preoperative EGJ assessment and standardized surgical techniques are essential for minimizing postoperative reflux.

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a kind of microvascular disease caused by the long-term influence of diabetes mellitus(DM),and it is one of the main cause of global visual impairment and blindness.Its typical characteristics include microaneurysms,hard exudates,macular edema(DME)and neovascularization.Its pathogenesis is diverse,and the root cause is oxidative stress and advanced glycosylation end products.The nuclear red blood cell related factor 2(Nrf2)signa-ling pathway plays an important role in preventing various diseases.As one of the characteristics of DM,hyperglycemia will activate the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in mitochondria.These oxidative stress factors activate the nucle-ar transcription factor κB pathway,becoming the main inducement of various complications of DM.This pathway will in-duce increased transcription of proinflammatory cytokines,including tumor necrosis factor-alpha,transforming growth fac-tor-beta and interleukin-1.The active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine have significant antioxidant,anti-inflam-matory,anti-apoptotic and angiogenesis-promoting effects,and can block the progression of DR through various mecha-nisms.In this article,the research status of traditional Chinese medicine targeting the Nrf2 signaling pathway in the preven-tion and treatment of DR is reviewed to guide clinical and scientific research.

Background and Aims:Sleeve gastrectomy(SG)has become the most widely performed bariatric procedure worldwide,but postoperative gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)remains a major concern.This multicenter study aimed to identify independent risk factors associated with GERD after SG to guide preoperative assessment and intraoperative management.Methods:Clinical data of 672 patients who underwent SG between January 2020 and December 2022 in six bariatric centers and completed a 12-month follow-up were retrospectively analyzed.Demographic characteristics,esophagogastric junction(EGJ)integrity graded by the AFS system,operative parameters,and postoperative outcomes were compared between patients with and without GERD.Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of postoperative GERD.Results:The overall incidence of GERD after SG was 24.7%(166/672).Multivariate analysis revealed that a preoperative BMI>35 kg/m2(OR=1.68,P=0.033),EGJ integrity AFS grade>2(OR=2.90,P=0.006),and preoperative reflux symptoms(OR=2.44,P=0.030)were independent risk factors for GERD.A staple line more than 1 cm from the angle of His(OR=0.45,P<0.001)and a bougie size>36 Fr(OR=0.08,P=0.001)were protective factors.Conclusion:High BMI,impaired EGJ integrity,and preoperative reflux symptoms significantly increase the risk of GERD after SG,whereas adequate preservation of the His angle and appropriate bougie calibration may reduce it.Comprehensive preoperative EGJ assessment and standardized surgical techniques are essential for minimizing postoperative reflux.

[Objective]To investigate the possible mechanism of action of Jiawei Jinkui Shenqi Pill in relieving asthma with kidney Yang deficiency.[Methods]Total 40 SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,Jiawei Jinkui Shenqi Pill group(referred to as Chinese medicine group),and dexamethasone group(referred to as DXM group),10 rats in each group,and all other groups except control group were induced by the combination of hydrocortisone injection and ovalbumin(OVA) to construct the rat model of kidney Yang deficiency asthma.The body mass of the rats was monitored regularly and wheezing symptoms were evaluated.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) staining were used to observe the pathological morphology of rat lung tissues and bronchi;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect relevant indices in rat serum;and Western blot was used to detect protein levels of Mucin 5AC(MUC5AC),epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4);and Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) to detect the expression of MUC5AC,EGFR,GPX4 mRNA.Human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B were cultured and divided into blank control group,ferric amine citrate(FAC) group,MUC5AC group,FAC+MUC5AC group.The concentration of non-haem iron was detected with red feldspun microplate method;the level of reactive oxygen species(ROS) was observed with fluorescence staining,and comparative analysis of the correlation between the MUC5AC pathway and ferroptosis.[Results]Compared with control group,the lung tissue bronchial tube wall thickened,a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated,there was goblet cell hyperplasia in rats of model group;serum levels of interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-5(IL-5),interleukin-13(IL-13) significantly increased (P<0.05),cortisol(COR) levels were significantly decreased(P<0.05),MUC5AC and EGFR mRNA expression was increased,GPX4 mRNA expression was decreased(P<0.05),MUC5AC and EGFR protein content was increased and GPX4 protein content was decreased(P<0.05).Compared with model group,serum levels of IL-4,IL-5,IL-13 decreased and COR increased in Chinese medicine group and DXM group(P<0.05);MUC5AC,EGFR levels decreased and GPX4 protein level increased(P<0.05);MUC5AC and EGFR mRNA down-regulated and GPX4 mRNA expression up-regulated(P<0.05).Compared with blank control group,non-heme iron concentration significantly increased in the other groups(P<0.05),the level of ROS increased,and the FAC+MUC5AC group is more pronounced than the MUC5AC,FAC medication group.[Conclusion]Jiawei Jinkui Shenqi Pill can intervene ferroptosis and improve asthma of kidney yang deficiency syndrome by regulating MUC5AC/EGFR pathway.The mechanism may be to reduce the excessive secretion of mucus and reduce the absorption rate of iron ions by inhibiting the overexpression of MUC5AC,and reduce ferroptosis.

To achieve the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality (double carbon), China has been updating and developing low-carbon coal-fired power generation technology. While reducing carbon dioxide emissions, it has achieved a significant reduction in emissions of pollutants such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. However, at the same time, with the relative increase in emissions of certain pollutants such as sulfur trioxide, ammonia, and volatile organic compounds, the types and proportions of pollutant emissions have changed. This study summarized the technological improvements in coal-fired power generation both domestically and internationally, as well as the types and proportions of pollutants emitted by different coal-fired power generation modes. It also reviewed the epidemiological research progress on the impact of pollutants emitted from coal-fired power generation on the cardiopulmonary health of the population, expounded environmental impact of different coal-fired power models, and analyzed the changes in population exposure load and cardiopulmonary health benefits of low-carbon coal-fired power generation emissions, aiming to provide references for achieving carbon reduction and emission reduction goals and protecting the health of the population.

[Objective]To investigate the possible mechanism of action of Jiawei Jinkui Shenqi Pill in relieving asthma with kidney Yang deficiency.[Methods]Total 40 SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,Jiawei Jinkui Shenqi Pill group(referred to as Chinese medicine group),and dexamethasone group(referred to as DXM group),10 rats in each group,and all other groups except control group were induced by the combination of hydrocortisone injection and ovalbumin(OVA) to construct the rat model of kidney Yang deficiency asthma.The body mass of the rats was monitored regularly and wheezing symptoms were evaluated.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) staining were used to observe the pathological morphology of rat lung tissues and bronchi;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect relevant indices in rat serum;and Western blot was used to detect protein levels of Mucin 5AC(MUC5AC),epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4);and Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) to detect the expression of MUC5AC,EGFR,GPX4 mRNA.Human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B were cultured and divided into blank control group,ferric amine citrate(FAC) group,MUC5AC group,FAC+MUC5AC group.The concentration of non-haem iron was detected with red feldspun microplate method;the level of reactive oxygen species(ROS) was observed with fluorescence staining,and comparative analysis of the correlation between the MUC5AC pathway and ferroptosis.[Results]Compared with control group,the lung tissue bronchial tube wall thickened,a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated,there was goblet cell hyperplasia in rats of model group;serum levels of interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-5(IL-5),interleukin-13(IL-13) significantly increased (P<0.05),cortisol(COR) levels were significantly decreased(P<0.05),MUC5AC and EGFR mRNA expression was increased,GPX4 mRNA expression was decreased(P<0.05),MUC5AC and EGFR protein content was increased and GPX4 protein content was decreased(P<0.05).Compared with model group,serum levels of IL-4,IL-5,IL-13 decreased and COR increased in Chinese medicine group and DXM group(P<0.05);MUC5AC,EGFR levels decreased and GPX4 protein level increased(P<0.05);MUC5AC and EGFR mRNA down-regulated and GPX4 mRNA expression up-regulated(P<0.05).Compared with blank control group,non-heme iron concentration significantly increased in the other groups(P<0.05),the level of ROS increased,and the FAC+MUC5AC group is more pronounced than the MUC5AC,FAC medication group.[Conclusion]Jiawei Jinkui Shenqi Pill can intervene ferroptosis and improve asthma of kidney yang deficiency syndrome by regulating MUC5AC/EGFR pathway.The mechanism may be to reduce the excessive secretion of mucus and reduce the absorption rate of iron ions by inhibiting the overexpression of MUC5AC,and reduce ferroptosis.

To achieve the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality (double carbon), China has been updating and developing low-carbon coal-fired power generation technology. While reducing carbon dioxide emissions, it has achieved a significant reduction in emissions of pollutants such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. However, at the same time, with the relative increase in emissions of certain pollutants such as sulfur trioxide, ammonia, and volatile organic compounds, the types and proportions of pollutant emissions have changed. This study summarized the technological improvements in coal-fired power generation both domestically and internationally, as well as the types and proportions of pollutants emitted by different coal-fired power generation modes. It also reviewed the epidemiological research progress on the impact of pollutants emitted from coal-fired power generation on the cardiopulmonary health of the population, expounded environmental impact of different coal-fired power models, and analyzed the changes in population exposure load and cardiopulmonary health benefits of low-carbon coal-fired power generation emissions, aiming to provide references for achieving carbon reduction and emission reduction goals and protecting the health of the population.