ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the dynamic changes in general body parameters, blood glucose, and blood lipid profiles in obese cynomolgus monkeys, exploring the correlations among these parameters and providing a reference for research on the obese cynomolgus monkey model. Methods30 normal male cynomolgus monkeys aged 5 - 17 years old (with body mass index < 35 kg/m² and glycated hemoglobin content < 4.50%) and 99 spontaneously obese male cynomolgus monkeys (with body mass index ≥35 kg/m² and glycated hemoglobin content < 4.50%) were selected. Over a period of three years, their abdominal circumference, skinfold thickness, body weight, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and four blood lipid indicators were monitored. The correlations between each indicator were analyzed using repeated measurement ANOVA, simple linear regression, and multiple linear regression correlation analysis method. Results Compared to the control group, the obese group exhibited significantly higher levels of abdominal circumference, skinfold thickness, body weight, body mass index, and triglyceride (P＜0.05). In the control group, skinfold thickness increased annually, while other indicators remained stable. Compared with the first year, the obese group showed significantly increased abdominal circumference, skinfold thickness, body weight, body mass index, triglyceride, and fasting blood glucose in the second year(P＜0.05), with this increasing trend persisting in the third year (P＜0.05). In the control group, the obesity incidence rates in the second and third years were 16.67% and 23.33%, respectively, while the prevalence of diabetes remained at 16.67%. In the obese group, the diabetes incidence rates were 29.29% and 44.44% in years 2 and 3, respectively. Among the 11-13 year age group, the incidence rates were 36.36% and 44.68%, while for the group older than 13 years, the rates were 28.13% and 51.35%. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations (P＜0.05) between fasting blood glucose and age, abdominal circumference, skinfold thickness, body weight, and triglyceride in the diabetic monkeys. Conclusion Long-term obesity can lead to the increases in general physical indicators and fasting blood glucose levels in cynomolgus monkeys, and an increase in the incidence of diabetes. In diabetic cynomolgus monkeys caused by obesity, there is a high correlation between their fasting blood glucose and age, weight, abdominal circumference, skinfold thickness, and triglyceride levels, which is of some significance for predicting the occurrence of spontaneous diabetes.

Objective To screen metabolic core genes in colon cancer based on machine learning algorithms and analyze their functional mechanisms.Methods Data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database and the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database.The TCGA co-hort included 375 tumor samples and 32 adjacent normal tissue samples,while the GSE39582 cohort comprised 419 tumor samples.Univariate Cox regression analysis combined with random forest,sup-port vector machine recursive feature elimination(SVM-RFE),and least absolute shrinkage and selec-tion operator(LASSO)regression algorithms were employed to screen for metabolic core genes.Re-ceiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were plotted,and the area under the curve(AUC)was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the core genes.Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and immunohistochemistry(IHC)methods were adopted to detect the ex-pression of the core genes.The core genes were knocked down to explore their roles in colon cancer.Results Three core genes,namely CPT2,SCP2 and NR3C2,were screened based on machine learning algorithms.According to the comparison results of the AUCs of the ROC curves,NR3C2 exhibited the best predictive efficacy.qRT-PCR detection results showed that NR3C2 mRNA was lowly ex-pressed in colon cancer cell lines;IHC detection results revealed that NR3C2 was lowly expressed in colon cancer tissues.Knocking down NR3C2 significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells.Conclusion NR3C2 is identified as a core metabolic inhibitory gene in colon cancer by cross-applying three machine learning algorithms,which may provide a new strategy for metabolic targeted therapy.

Radiopharmaceuticals operate by combining radionuclides with carriers. The radiation energy emitted by radionuclides is utilized to selectively irradiate diseased tissues while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. In comparison to external beam radiation therapy, radionuclide drugs demonstrate research potential due to their biological targeting capabilities and reduced normal tissue toxicity. This article reviews the applications and research progress of radiopharmaceuticals in cancer treatment. Several key radionuclides are examined, including ²²³Ra, ⁹⁰Y, Lutetium-177 (¹⁷⁷Lu), ²¹²Pb, and Actinium-225 (²²⁵Ac). It also explores the current development trends of radiopharmaceuticals, encompassing the introduction of novel radionuclides, advancements in imaging technologies, integrated diagnosis and treatment approaches, and equipment-medication combinations. We review the progress in the development of new treatments, such as neutron capture therapy, proton therapy, and heavy ion therapy. Furthermore, we examine the challenges and breakthroughs associated with the clinical translation of radiopharmaceuticals and provide recommendations for the research and development of novel radionuclide drugs.
Humans ; Radiopharmaceuticals/therapeutic use* ; Neoplasms/radiotherapy* ; Radioisotopes/therapeutic use* ; Animals

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of tracheal tube with an attached laryngeal pillow cushion(LPC)in the patients under general anesthesia,and to provide new methods for the preventing arytenoid dislocation during tracheal intubation.Methods:Forty-eight patients scheduled for elective oral tracheal intubation under general anesthesia and meeting the inclusion criteria were selected.Based on the head and neck positions,the patients were divided into supine without pillow(SWOP)group,supine with pillow(SWP)group,trendelenburg position(TP)group,and head side position(HSP)group,each group consisted of 12 patients.The patient in the following groups underwent two sequential treatments after tracheal intubation:intervention group(LPC-inflated)and control group(LPC uninflated,representing the current method of tracheal tube use).One patient in TP group and two patients in HSP group rminated the experiment,so a total of 45 patients were successfully included in this study.Electronic fiber laryngoscopy was used to observe and record the positional relationship between the endotracheal tube LPC and the posterior commissure arytenoid joint area under different head and neck positions after two treatments.The evaluation indicators were whether the tracheal tube was lifted from the posterior commissure arytenoid joint area and the degree of compression of the tracheal tube on the arytenoid joint.The incidence of tracheal tube lift-off and the percentage of compression degree on cricoarytenoid joint of the patients in various groups were calculated.Results:Within the same head and neck position group,compared with control group,the incidence of endotracheal tube lift-off of the patients in intervention group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the percentage of compression degree of endotracheal tube on the arytenoid joint was significantly decreased(P<0.05).In control and intervention groups,there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of endotracheal tube lift-off and the percentage of compression degree on arytenoid joint of the patients in various head and neck positions groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Under the four head and neck positions,inflating the LPC of the tracheal tube can lift the tracheal tube from the posterior commissure arytenoid joint area,effectively relieving or reducing the compression and mechanical friction injuries to the arytenoid joint.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of disease progression and prognosis in patients with large artery atherosclerotic(LAA)cerebral infarction and analyze the value of plasma cyclin-dependent kinase 9(CDK9)level in the diagnosis and treatment of LAA cerebral infarction.Methods Patients with acute cerebral infarction admitted to the Department of Neurology of the Affili-ated Hospital of Yangzhou University between March 1,2022,and November 20,2023,were select-ed.According to the diagnostic criteria,98 patients with acute LAA(LAA group)and 33 patients with acute small artery occlusion(SAO)cerebral infarction(SAO group)were selected.Additionally,40 healthy individuals matched for age and gender from the Health Examination Center were included as control group.Based on whether the condition of LAA cerebral infarction patients progressing,they were divided into progressive cerebral infarction(PCI)group(39 patients)and the non-pro-gressive cerebral infarction(NPCI)group(59 patients).During the 3-month follow-up period,6 patients from the 98 LAA cerebral infarction patients were lost.According to the modified Rankin Scale(mRS)score at 90 days of follow-up,patients were divided into good prognosis group(mRS score≤2,59 patients)and poor prognosis group(mRS score＞2,33 patients).Fasting lipid in-dices[total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),glucose(GLU),glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),and homocysteine(Hey)]were collected on the second day after admission.The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)was used to assess the degree of neurological impairment in cerebral infarction patients.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure plasma CDK9 levels in different groups;factors influencing disease progression in patients with acute LAA cerebral infarction were explored;and receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to evalu-ate the predictive value of CDK9 in patients with acute LAA cerebral infarction.Results Compared with the control group,the LAA group had lower HDL-C level and higher CDK9 level(P＜0.05).The LAA group had a higher proportion of diabetes history,larger infarction volume,higher NIHSS score at admission,and higher CDK9 level compared with the SAO group(P＜0.05).Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes history and plasma CDK9 levels were influencing factors for LAA cerebral infarction.There were statistically significant differences in the proportion of diabetes history,HbA1c,random GLU,and CDK9 levels between the NPCI and PCI groups(P＜0.05).Diabetes history and plasma CDK9 levels were influencing factors for disease progression in patients with acute LAA cerebral infarction.The area under the ROC curve for CDK9 in predicting acute LAA cerebral infarction was 0.854 5(95％CI,0.794 1 to 0.9148).When the CDK9 level was 602.1 ng/L,the Youden index was maximum(0.604),with a corresponding sensitivity of 0.849 and specificity of 0.755.The NIHSS score,infarction volume,and plasma CDK9 level were higher in the poor prognosis group compared with the good prognosis group(P＜0.01).Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between mRS scores and CDK9 levels(r=0.485,P＜0.01).Conclusion Plasma CDK9 levels are significantly elevated,and is an influencing factor.It is positively correlated with disease progression and poor prognosis in acute cerebral infarction and has certain predictive value for the progression of LAA cerebral infarction.

Latent human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）infection remains the principal barrier to functional cure. Proviruses integrate into multiple immune cell types and persist long term，creating a heterogeneous reservoir. Accurate identification of latent infection and assessment of proviral intactness and function are prerequisites for progress toward cure. Here we compare key reservoir assays and their trade-offs，including HIV DNA quantification by quantitative PCR（qPCR）and droplet digital PCR（ddPCR），detection of replication-competent virus by the quantitative viral outgrowth assay（QVOA），and inducible transcription/protein readouts such as Tat/Rev induced limiting dilution assay（TILDA）and viral protein spot assay（VIP-SPOT）. We also outline applications of spatial transcriptomics and in situ hybridization（RNAscope/DNAscope）for anatomic localization and functional analysis. We also summarize advances in experimental models，spanning in-vitro systems（primary T-cell and myeloid latency models）and in-vivo platforms（humanized mice and rhesus macaque SHIV models）used for mechanism studies and intervention testing. Looking ahead，coordinated use of these orthogonal tools can improve estimates of reservoir size，inducibility，and tissue distribution，and provide a practical platform for translational studies toward functional cure.

Latent human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）infection remains the principal barrier to functional cure. Proviruses integrate into multiple immune cell types and persist long term，creating a heterogeneous reservoir. Accurate identification of latent infection and assessment of proviral intactness and function are prerequisites for progress toward cure. Here we compare key reservoir assays and their trade-offs，including HIV DNA quantification by quantitative PCR（qPCR）and droplet digital PCR（ddPCR），detection of replication-competent virus by the quantitative viral outgrowth assay（QVOA），and inducible transcription/protein readouts such as Tat/Rev induced limiting dilution assay（TILDA）and viral protein spot assay（VIP-SPOT）. We also outline applications of spatial transcriptomics and in situ hybridization（RNAscope/DNAscope）for anatomic localization and functional analysis. We also summarize advances in experimental models，spanning in-vitro systems（primary T-cell and myeloid latency models）and in-vivo platforms（humanized mice and rhesus macaque SHIV models）used for mechanism studies and intervention testing. Looking ahead，coordinated use of these orthogonal tools can improve estimates of reservoir size，inducibility，and tissue distribution，and provide a practical platform for translational studies toward functional cure.

Objective:To measure the magnetic field correction factor of reference ionization chamber in a 1.5 T magnetic field and to explore the response of the ionization chamber among different angles between magnetic field and ionization chamber axis.Methods:A home-made magnetic compatible one-dimensional water tank was used to measure the response of PTW30013 and IBA FC65-G in 7 MV photon beam of Elekta Unity with and without magnetic field. The ionizing current was collected by PTW UNIDOS Tango electrometer. The effective measurement point of ionization chamber was positioned to the isocenter of MR-linac using electronic portal image device. The influence on water absorbed dose of reference point was obtained by Monte Carlo calculations.Results:The response of ionization chambers in strong magnetic field was related to the angle between chamber axis and magnetic field. The response of ionization chamber was significantly affected in perpendicular magnetic field with a deviation up to 4.54% compared to parallel magnetic field. The deviation between the magnetic field correction factors measured for parallel or reverse-parallel was 0.03%-0.24%. The magnetic field correction factors for PTW30013 and FC65-G measured in parallel magnetic field were 0.9934±0.0077 and 0.9990±0.0076, respectively.Conclusions:This study experimentally verifies that positioning the ionization chamber axis parallel to the magnetic field direction in MR-linac reference dosimetry can minimize the magnetic field impact. The determined magnetic field correction factor and uncertainty in 1.5 T magnetic field can provide necessary data for establishing an MR-linac reference dosimetry protocol.

Objective : To compare the tooth drift differences between different types of patients after orthodontic extraction for 1.5 months (45 days) without return to the clinic on time for some reasons. Methods: This study has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent has been obtained from patients. A total of 84 patients had bilateral premolars extracted but were not bonded the bracket for some reasons. The upper and lower jaw dental models were cast, scanned, and reconstructed in 3D. Patients were divided into 12 groups based on extraction positions (first premolar or second premolar), jaw types (maxilla or mandible) and vertical facial types (average angle, high angle, or low angle). Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the changes in the following five indicators in different types of patients who were interrupted for 1.5 months after extraction: anterior tooth crowding, width between canines, width between first molars, tooth extraction space, and overbite of anterior teeth. Results : The tooth extraction position, jaw type and vertical facial type had an effect on the reduction in tooth extraction space and anterior tooth crowding before and after the sudden emergent state (1.5 months after tooth extraction) (P<0.001), and the tooth extraction position and vertical facial type had an effect on the increase in anterior tooth overbite (P<0.001). The drift of bilateral adjacent teeth was greater in patients with first premolars extracted than in those with second premolars extracted (P<0.001), and the drift of bilateral adjacent teeth in the maxilla was larger than that of the mandible (P<0.001). The drift of bilateral adjacent teeth in patients with high angles was more obvious than that of patients with average angles and low angles (P<0.001). Conclusion For orthodontic patients who have maxillary tooth extraction, first premolar extraction, and even high angles in the vertical facial type, the bilateral adjacent teeth are easier to drift, orthodontic treatment should be carried out soon after extraction, and attention should be given to anchorage control.

In the orthodontics process, intervention and sliding of an orthodontic bracket during the orthodontic process can arise large response of the labio-cheek soft tissue. Soft tissue damage and ulcers frequently happen at the early stage of orthodontic treatment. In the field of orthodontic medicine, qualitative analysis is always carried out through statistics of clinical cases, while quantitative explanation of bio-mechanical mechanism is lacking. For this purpose, finite element analysis of a three-dimensional labio-cheek-bracket-tooth model is conducted to quantify the bracket-induced mechanical response of the labio-cheek soft tissue, which involves complex coupling of contact nonlinearity, material nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity. Firstly, based on the biological composition characteristics of labio-cheek, a second-order Ogden model is optimally selected to describe the adipose-like material of the labio-cheek soft tissue. Secondly, according to the characteristics of oral activity, a two-stage simulation model of bracket intervention and orthogonal sliding is established, and the key contact parameters are optimally set. Finally, the two-level analysis method of overall model and submodel is used to achieve efficient solution of high-precision strains in submodels based on the displacement boundary obtained from the overall model calculation. Calculation results with four typical tooth morphologies during orthodontic treatment show that: ① the maximum strain of soft tissue is distributed along the sharp edges of the bracket, consistent with the clinically observed profile of soft tissue deformation; ② the maximum strain of soft tissue is reduced as the teeth align, consistent with the clinical manifestation of common damage and ulcers at the beginning of orthodontic treatment and reduced patient discomfort at the end of treatment. The method in this paper can provide reference for relevant quantitative analysis studies in the field of orthodontic medical treatment at home and abroad, and further benefit to the product development analysis of new orthodontic devices.
Humans ; Periodontal Ligament/physiology* ; Orthodontic Wires ; Cheek ; Ulcer ; Tooth ; Finite Element Analysis