Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide. The traditional early screening modality of ultrasound,when combined with the biomarker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP),is deficient in sensitivity and specificity. In recent years,HCC risk assessment models based on statistical methods have been widely developed and validated due to advantages such as good efficacy,non-invasiveness,and ease of generalization. Currently,HCC risk assessment models adapted to the characteristics of patients with chronic liver disease,patients with hepatitis B and C,patients with cirrhosis,and the general population have been developed. The purpose of this review is to assist clinical diagnosis treatment,and scientific research by analyzing the current research status and development of liver cancer risk assessment models.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide. The traditional early screening modality of ultrasound,when combined with the biomarker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP),is deficient in sensitivity and specificity. In recent years,HCC risk assessment models based on statistical methods have been widely developed and validated due to advantages such as good efficacy,non-invasiveness,and ease of generalization. Currently,HCC risk assessment models adapted to the characteristics of patients with chronic liver disease,patients with hepatitis B and C,patients with cirrhosis,and the general population have been developed. The purpose of this review is to assist clinical diagnosis treatment,and scientific research by analyzing the current research status and development of liver cancer risk assessment models.

Objective To summarize and analyze the clinical features,diagnosis,surgical approaches and treatment outcomes of patients with primary nasal sinus osteoma.Methods A retrospective review of 48 cases with primary nasal sinus osteoma treated from January 2007 to December 2013 was performed.All patients underwent preoperative CT scan and postoperative histopathologic examination.The surgical approaches included lateral rhinotomy in 14 cases,nasal endoscopic resection in 12 cases,coronal surgical incision craniotomy in 13 cases,combined craniofacial approach in 4 cases,and Caldwell-Luc approach in 5 cases.Results The postoperative pathological diagnosis consisted of 3 variants,including 20 for compact type and 15 for cancellous type,and 13 for mixed type.Six cases were lost to follow-up and 42 cases were followed up for 6-60 months,5 cases recurred.The post-operative complications included sinus mucous cyst in 4 cases,cerebrospinal fluid leak in 3 cases.Conclusions Nasal sinus osteoma are common.CT or MRI is helpful to evaluate the osteoma size,location and possible sources,and to make operation scheme.Surgery is the first choice for sinus osteoma.Lateral rhinotomy and nasal endoscopic resection can be applied to most sinus osteoma.The prognosis of sinus osteoma is good,with fewer recurrence.