Nanomaterials have been used in a variety of industries recently,involving foods,chemi-cals and biomedicine.There are multiple routes through which humans are exposed to nanomaterials,and their toxic effects deserve more attention.In vivo studies have confirmed that nanomaterials expo-sure can lead to toxicity in such target organs as the heart,liver,kidney,skin and nerve.The toxicity mechanism is related to changes in organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum,lysosomes and mito-chondria.Increasing studies suggest that mitochondria are critical targets for the toxicity of nanomaterials.Mitochondrial biogenesis serves as an important mechanism for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis,which plays a vital role in the process of nanomaterials-induced cellular toxicity.This article summarizes the current research on the effects of nanomaterials on mitochondrial biogenesis,and elaborates the mechanism through which nanomaterials disrupt mitochondrial biogenesis by triggering oxidative stress,upsetting the homeostasis of calcium ion and disturbing toxicity pathways.This article is expected to provide a reference for toxicity testing and risk assessment of nanomaterials.

Nanomaterials have been used in a variety of industries recently,involving foods,chemi-cals and biomedicine.There are multiple routes through which humans are exposed to nanomaterials,and their toxic effects deserve more attention.In vivo studies have confirmed that nanomaterials expo-sure can lead to toxicity in such target organs as the heart,liver,kidney,skin and nerve.The toxicity mechanism is related to changes in organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum,lysosomes and mito-chondria.Increasing studies suggest that mitochondria are critical targets for the toxicity of nanomaterials.Mitochondrial biogenesis serves as an important mechanism for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis,which plays a vital role in the process of nanomaterials-induced cellular toxicity.This article summarizes the current research on the effects of nanomaterials on mitochondrial biogenesis,and elaborates the mechanism through which nanomaterials disrupt mitochondrial biogenesis by triggering oxidative stress,upsetting the homeostasis of calcium ion and disturbing toxicity pathways.This article is expected to provide a reference for toxicity testing and risk assessment of nanomaterials.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and mechanism of acute exposure to sodium cyanide(NaCN)on brain nerve damage induced by closed hypoxia in mice.METHODS ① Mice were randomly divided into hypoxia+NaCN 0(hypoxia control group),2.56,3.8,and 5.1 mg·kg-1 groups.After ip adminis-tration of different concentrations of NaCN,the mice were immediately placed into a closed hypoxic tank and the hypoxia survival time was observed.②Mice were divided into normal control,NaCN 3.8 mg·kg-1,hypoxia(30 and 60 min)and NaCN 3.8 mg·kg-1+hypoxia(30 and 60 min)groups.After grouping,the pH,oxygen saturation(sO2),oxygen tension(pO2)and carbon dioxide partial pressure(pCO2)of arterial blood of mice were detected using an arterial blood gas analyzer.The cortical cerebral blood flow of mice was detected using a laser speckle imager.The dry and wet brain tissue were weighed separately,and the brain moisture content was calculated.The kit was used to detect the activity of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in the hippocampus.TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis rate of cells in the hippocampus.HE staining was used to detect path-ological changes in the hippocampus.RESULTS ①Compared with the hypoxic control group,the sur-vival time of mice in the hypoxic+NaCN groups was significantly prolonged(P<0.01).②Compared with the normal control group,the hypoxia 30 min group showed upregulation of arterial blood p CO2(P<0.05),downregulation of p O2(P<0.05).The hypoxia 60 min group showed upregulation of arterial blood p CO2(P<0.05)and downregulation of cortical cerebral blood flow(P<0.05).In the NaCN 3.8 mg·kg-1 group,arterial blood p O2 and s O2 were significantly downregulated(P<0.05),so was cortical cerebral blood flow(P<0.01),but MDA content and T-SOD activity were significantly upregulated(P<0.01),and the brain moisture content was increased(P<0.01).Compared with the hypoxia 30 min group,s O2 and p O2 of arterial blood in the NaCN+hypoxia 30 min group were significantly upregulated(P<0.05),while p CO2 was significantly downregulated(P<0.05).Compared with the hypoxia group at corresponding time points,the NaCN+hypoxia 30 or 60 min groups showed significant downregulation of cerebral blood flow(P<0.01),significant upregulation of MDA content and T-SOD activity(P<0.01),and signifi-cant upregulation of brain moisture content(P<0.01).HE staining results showed that the NaCN 3.8 mg·kg-1 group and the NaCN+hypoxia group(30 or 60 min)showed significant cell swelling and vacuolization in cells in the hippocampal tissue,a decrease in the number of neurons,nuclear pyknosis and deep staining.TUNEL fluorescence results showed that the NaCN 3.8 mg·kg-1 group significantly increased the apop-tosis rate of the mouse hippocampus compared with the normal control group(P<0.05).The NaCN+ hypoxia 30 and 60 min groups significantly increased the apoptosis rate of the mouse hippocampus compared with the hypoxia group at corresponding time points(P<0.05).CONCLUSION NaCN can exacerbate hypoxia induced decrease in cerebral blood flow,oxidative stress in brain tissue,and neuro-nal apoptosis in mice,thereby reducing oxygen consumption in closed hypoxic tanks and prolonging their survival time.The mechanism is related to reduced utility of cell oxygen,delaying CO2 accumulation and increasing free oxygen in vivo.

Circadian rhythm is one of the biorhythms formed by organisms in the process of evolution to adapt to the rotation of the earth,which is manifested as a cyclical biorhythm of about 24 hours produced by the body under the control of the internal biological clock,coordinating sleep/wakefulness,body temperature regulation,endocrine time and other activities.Long-term circadian rhythm disorders can cause increased risk of metabolic disorders,gastrointestinal diseases,neurodegenerative diseasesand other illnesses.As a typical model animal,the aquatic organism zebrafish(Danio rerio)has been widely used in experimental studies of circadian rhythm.This paper introduces in detailthe operating mechanism of zebrafish circadian clock,the influencing factors of the input system,the genes and pathways of the circadian clock,and the physiological output,summarizes the application and advantages in circadian rhythm research,finally looks forward to future research and development,in order to provide theoretical support for circadian rhythm regulation mechanism research,related drug development and disease treatment strategies.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of occupational stress on work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in electronics manufacturing workers. Methods A total of 392 front-line workers in two electronic manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects using the judgment sampling method. The prevalence of WMSDs and the level of occupational stress of the research subjects were investigated using the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire and the Core Occupational Stress Scale. Results The total WMSDs detection rate was 39.5%, and the multi-site WMSDs detection rate was 30.6%. The detection rate of occupational stress was 14.8%. The total WMSDs detection rate and multi-site WMSDs detection rate in the occupational stress group were higher than those in the non-occupational stress group (65.5% vs 35.0%, 56.9% vs 26.0%, both P<0.01). Binary logistic regression analysis result showed that the risk of WMSDs in the occupational stress group was higher than that in the non-occupational stress group after adjusting the effect of confounding factors such as age, gender, job type and work days per week (P<0.01). Conclusion The occupational stress may increase the risk of WMSDs in electronics manufacturing workers. Reducing the level of occupational stress among workers in electronic manufacturing enterprises is beneficial for reducing the risk of WMSDs.

Background::The conversion of adenosine (A) to inosine (I) through deamination is the prevailing form of RNA editing, impacting numerous nuclear and cytoplasmic transcripts across various eukaryotic species. Millions of high-confidence RNA editing sites have been identified and integrated into various RNA databases, providing a convenient platform for the rapid identification of key drivers of cancer and potential therapeutic targets. However, the available database for integration of RNA editing in hematopoietic cells and hematopoietic malignancies is still lacking.Methods::We downloaded RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data of 29 leukemia patients and 19 healthy donors from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and RNA-seq data of 12 mouse hematopoietic cell populations obtained from our previous research were also used. We performed sequence alignment, identified RNA editing sites, and obtained characteristic editing sites related to normal hematopoietic development and abnormal editing sites associated with hematologic diseases.Results::We established a new database, "REDH", represents RNA editome in hematopoietic differentiation and malignancy. REDH is a curated database of associations between RNA editome and hematopoiesis. REDH integrates 30,796 editing sites from 12 murine adult hematopoietic cell populations and systematically characterizes more than 400,000 edited events in malignant hematopoietic samples from 48 cohorts (human). Through the Differentiation, Disease, Enrichment, and knowledge modules, each A-to-I editing site is systematically integrated, including its distribution throughout the genome, its clinical information (human sample), and functional editing sites under physiological and pathological conditions. Furthermore, REDH compares the similarities and differences of editing sites between different hematologic malignancies and healthy control.Conclusions::REDH is accessible at http://www.redhdatabase.com/. This user-friendly database would aid in understanding the mechanisms of RNA editing in hematopoietic differentiation and malignancies. It provides a set of data related to the maintenance of hematopoietic homeostasis and identifying potential therapeutic targets in malignancies.

Objective To investigate the anatomical features of aortic arch lesions in the Chinese population in order to provide anatomical reference for the development of domestic arch en-dografts.Methods Clinical data of 83 patients with aortic arch lesions were collected from a first prospective multi-center study of WeFlow-Arch stent system,which was carried out between June 1,2021 and January 1,2024 in 17 centers across China.According to their pathologic types,they were divided into an aneurysm group(67 patients)and an ulcer group(16 patients).Preoperative computed tomography angiography images were analyzed using three-dimensional reconstruction techniques to quantify the anatomical characteristics of the aorta.The resulting data were subse-quently compared to assess the anatomical suitability of the Zenith and Relay stents for use in Chinese patients.Results The anatomical feasibility of Zenith stent and Relay stent was 39.8％and 63.9％,respectively in this investigation.No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of anatomical features,including arch type,aortic diameter and length,di-mensions,orientation,and angulation of arch branch vessels,as well as diameters of the left and right femoral arteries,and proximal and total aortic tortuosity indices(P＞0.05).The tortuosity index of the ascending aorta was lower in the aneurysm group than the ulcer group(1.17±0.06 vs 1.22±0.08,P=0.010),but the index within the coverage region of the stent was higher in the aneurysm group than the ulcer group(2.97±0.46 vs 2.66±0.36,P=0.020).Conclusion There are significant variations in the tortuosity indexes of the ascending aorta and the coverage region of the stent among the patients with different aortic arch lesions,and thus,attention should be paid to the variations due to their prognostic implications.The anatomical suitability of foreign de-vices is not good enough for Chinese patients,so it is of great significance for developing en-dografts specifically designed for the patients of our own country.

Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment(IATA)is a toxicological assessment decision-making method that integrates existing information from various sources,including physical and chemical properties,animal testing,and non-animal testing.Through the evaluation and analysis of a series of iterative strategies,it ultimately obtains risk assessment conclusions,thereby providing a basis for risk management decisions regarding chemical substances.The use of IATA is becoming increasingly prevalent in such areas as ocular irritation and genotoxicity.This paper introduces the conceptual connotation of IATA,sorts out the framework elements and sequential processes,explains the commonly used framework construction methods,shares cases of application in various exposure scenarios,and finally envisions future research directions in order to provide better methodological support for the risk assessment of chemical substances.

Objective To investigate the anatomical features of aortic arch lesions in the Chinese population in order to provide anatomical reference for the development of domestic arch en-dografts.Methods Clinical data of 83 patients with aortic arch lesions were collected from a first prospective multi-center study of WeFlow-Arch stent system,which was carried out between June 1,2021 and January 1,2024 in 17 centers across China.According to their pathologic types,they were divided into an aneurysm group(67 patients)and an ulcer group(16 patients).Preoperative computed tomography angiography images were analyzed using three-dimensional reconstruction techniques to quantify the anatomical characteristics of the aorta.The resulting data were subse-quently compared to assess the anatomical suitability of the Zenith and Relay stents for use in Chinese patients.Results The anatomical feasibility of Zenith stent and Relay stent was 39.8％and 63.9％,respectively in this investigation.No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of anatomical features,including arch type,aortic diameter and length,di-mensions,orientation,and angulation of arch branch vessels,as well as diameters of the left and right femoral arteries,and proximal and total aortic tortuosity indices(P＞0.05).The tortuosity index of the ascending aorta was lower in the aneurysm group than the ulcer group(1.17±0.06 vs 1.22±0.08,P=0.010),but the index within the coverage region of the stent was higher in the aneurysm group than the ulcer group(2.97±0.46 vs 2.66±0.36,P=0.020).Conclusion There are significant variations in the tortuosity indexes of the ascending aorta and the coverage region of the stent among the patients with different aortic arch lesions,and thus,attention should be paid to the variations due to their prognostic implications.The anatomical suitability of foreign de-vices is not good enough for Chinese patients,so it is of great significance for developing en-dografts specifically designed for the patients of our own country.

Objective:To investigate COVID-19 vaccination status and relevant adverse reactions in patients with psoriasis treated with biological agents, and to explore the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on psoriatic lesions.Methods:Clinical data were collected from 572 psoriasis patients aged 18 - 60 years, who were registered in the management system of psoriasis patients treated with biological agents in the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital from May 2019 to June 2021. The COVID-19 vaccination status was investigated by telephone interviews, and the vaccination-related information was obtained by fixed healthcare workers during a fixed time period according to a predesigned questionnaire. Measurement data were compared between two groups by using t test, and enumeration data were compared by using chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test. Results:The COVID-19 vaccination coverage rate was 43.13% (226 cases) among the 524 patients who completed the telephone interview, and was significantly lower in the biological agent treatment group (30.79%, 105/341) than in the traditional drug treatment group (66.12%, 121/183; χ2 = 60.60, P < 0.001) . The main reason for not being vaccinated was patients′ fear of vaccine safety (49.66%, 148/298) , followed by doctors′ not recommending (26.51%, 79/298) . In the biological agent treatment group after vaccination, the exacerbation of psoriatic lesions was more common in patients receiving prolonged-interval treatment (42.86%, 6/14) compared with those receiving regular treatment (4.40%, 4/91; Fisher′s exact test, P < 0.001) . Skin lesions were severely aggravated in two patients after COVID-19 vaccination, who ever experienced allergic reactions and whose skin lesions did not completely subside after the treatment with biological agents. Conclusions:The COVID-19 vaccination coverage rate was relatively low in the psoriasis patients treated with biological agents, and no serious adverse reaction was observed after vaccination. Prolonged-interval treatment due to COVID-19 vaccination ran the risk of exacerbation of skin lesions.