Objective To monitor the antifungal resistance of clinical isolates of Candida spp.in the East China region.Methods MALDI-TOF MS or molecular methods were used to re-identify the strains collected from January 2018 to December 2022.Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method.The susceptibility test results were interpreted according to the breakpoints of 2022 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)documents M27 M44s-Ed3 and M57s-Ed4.Results A total of 3 026 strains of Candida were collected,65.33％of which were isolated from sterile body sites,mainly from blood(38.86％)and pleural effusion/ascites(10.21％).The predominant species of Candida were Candida albicans(44.51％),followed by Candida parapsilosis complex(19.46％),Candida tropicalis(13.98％),Candida glabrata(10.34％),and other Candida species(0.79％).Candida albicans showed overall high susceptibility rates to the 10 antifungal drugs tested(the lowest rate being 93.62％).Only 2.97％of the strains showed dose-dependent susceptibility(SDD)to fluconazole.Candida parapsilosis complex had a SDD rate of 2.61％and a resistance rate of 9.42％to fluconazole,and susceptibility rates above 90％to other drugs.Candida glabrata had a SDD rate of 92.01％and a resistance rate of 7.99％to fluconazole,resistance rates of 32.27％and 48.24％to posaconazole and voriconazole non-wild-type strains(NWT),respectively,and susceptibility rates above 90％to other drugs.Candida tropicalis had resistance rates of 29.55％and 26.24％to fluconazole and voriconazole,respectively,resistance rates of 76.60％and 21.99％to posaconazole and echinocandins non-wild-type strains(NWT),and a resistance rate of 2.36％to echinocandins.Conclusions The prevalence and species distribution of Candida spp.in the East China region are consistent with previous domestic and international reports.Candida glabrata exhibits certain degree of resistance to fluconazole,while Candida tropicalis demonstrates higher resistance to triazole drugs.Additionally,echinocandins resistance has emerged in Candida albicans,Candida glabrata,Candida tropicalis,and Candida parapsilosis.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in healthcare facilities in major regions of China in 2023.Methods Clinical isolates collected from 73 hospitals across China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2023 Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints.Results A total of 445199 clinical isolates were collected in 2023,of which 29.0％ were gram-positive and 71.0％ were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi) (MRSA,MRSE and MRCNS) was 29.6％,81.9％ and 78.5％,respectively.Methicillin-resistant strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents than methicillin-susceptible strains (MSSA,MSSE and MSCNS).Overall,92.9％ of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 91.4％ of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis had significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 93.1％ in the isolates from children and and 95.9％ in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 15.0％ for most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,22.5％ and 23.6％ of which were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively .Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.6％ to 10.0％.The resistance rate to imipenem and meropenem was 21.9％ and 17.4％ for Pseudomonas aeruginosa,respectively,and 67.5％ and 68.1％ for Acinetobacter baumannii,respectively.Conclusions Increasing resistance to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still observed in clinical bacterial isolates.However,the prevalence of important crabapenem-resistant organisms such as crabapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a slightly decreasing trend.This finding suggests that strengthening bacterial resistance surveillance and multidisciplinary linkage are important for preventing the occurrence and development of bacterial resistance.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in healthcare facilities in major regions of China in 2023.Methods Clinical isolates collected from 73 hospitals across China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2023 Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints.Results A total of 445199 clinical isolates were collected in 2023,of which 29.0％ were gram-positive and 71.0％ were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi) (MRSA,MRSE and MRCNS) was 29.6％,81.9％ and 78.5％,respectively.Methicillin-resistant strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents than methicillin-susceptible strains (MSSA,MSSE and MSCNS).Overall,92.9％ of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 91.4％ of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis had significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 93.1％ in the isolates from children and and 95.9％ in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 15.0％ for most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,22.5％ and 23.6％ of which were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively .Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.6％ to 10.0％.The resistance rate to imipenem and meropenem was 21.9％ and 17.4％ for Pseudomonas aeruginosa,respectively,and 67.5％ and 68.1％ for Acinetobacter baumannii,respectively.Conclusions Increasing resistance to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still observed in clinical bacterial isolates.However,the prevalence of important crabapenem-resistant organisms such as crabapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a slightly decreasing trend.This finding suggests that strengthening bacterial resistance surveillance and multidisciplinary linkage are important for preventing the occurrence and development of bacterial resistance.

Abortion, Spontaneous/epidemiology* ; Adult ; Caprylates/blood* ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Female ; Fluorocarbons/blood* ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis.Methods:Data of 62 patients with anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis admitted to Second Xiangya Hospital from May 2016 to December 2019 were collected and patients were divided into an elderly group(≥60 years old, 17 cases)and a non-elderly group(<60 years old, 45 cases). The clinical manifestations, laboratory test resuls, treatment and prognosis of the patients in both groups were statistically analyzed.Results:A total of 62 patients with anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis were included in this study, including 17 elderly patients(27.4%)with an average age of(65.5±5.3)years and 45 non-elderly patients(72.6%)with an average age of(46.5±8.4)years.Compared with non-elderly patients, older patients had a shorter disease duration[(1.6±1.0)months vs.(3.7±3.3)months, t=3.883, P<0.001], a higher proportion of patients with exertional dyspnea(15/17 or 88.2% vs.26/45 or 57.8%, χ2=5.11, P=0.024)and with combined positive anti-Ro-52 antibodies(15/17 or 88.2% vs.26/45 or 57.8%, χ2=5.11, P=0.024), and a higher mortality rate[(12/17 or 70.6%) vs.(8/45 or 17.8%, χ2=15.748, P<0.001)]. In contrast, fewer elderly patients than non-elderly patients had the Heliotrope's sign(9/17 or 41.2% vs.38/45 or 57.8%), χ2=5.07, P=0.024). Conclusions:Elderly patients with anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis have a unique clinical phenotype with an acute onset, atypical rashes, severe pulmonary lesions, making treatment difficult, and have a poor prognosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features and outcome of neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in southwest Hubei, China. METHODS: According to the Montreux definition of neonatal ARDS, a retrospective clinical epidemiological investigation was performed on the medical data of neonates with ARDS who were admitted to Department of Neonatology/Pediatrics in 17 level 2 or level 3 hospitals in southwest Hubei from January to December, 2017. RESULTS: A total of 7 150 neonates were admitted to the 17 hospitals in southwest Hubei during 2017 and 66 (0.92%) were diagnosed with ARDS. Among the 66 neonates with ARDS, 23 (35%) had mild ARDS, 28 (42%) had moderate ARDS, and 15 (23%) had severe ARDS. The main primary diseases for neonatal ARDS were perinatal asphyxia in 23 neonates (35%), pneumonia in 18 neonates (27%), sepsis in 12 neonates (18%), and meconium aspiration syndrome in 10 neonates (15%). Among the 66 neonates with ARDS, 10 neonates (15%) were born to the mothers with an age of ≥35 years, 30 neonates (45%) suffered from intrauterine distress, 32 neonates (49%) had a 1-minute Apgar score of 0 to 7 points, 24 neonates (36%) had abnormal fetal heart monitoring results, and 21 neonates (32%) experienced meconium staining of amniotic fluid. Intraventricular hemorrhage was the most common comorbidity (12 neonates), followed by neonatal shock (9 neonates) and patent ductus arteriosus (8 neonates). All 66 neonates with ARDS were treated with mechanical ventilation in addition to the treatment for primary diseases. Among the 66 neonates with ARDS, 10 died, with a mortality rate of 15% (10/66), and 56 neonates were improved or cured, with a survival rate of 85% (56/66). CONCLUSIONS Neonatal ARDS in southwest Hubei is mostly mild or moderate. Perinatal asphyxia and infection may be the main causes of neonatal ARDS in this area. Intraventricular hemorrhage is the most common comorbidity. Neonates with ARDS tend to have a high survival rate after multimodality treatment.
China ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn ; Retrospective Studies

An optimal therapy for pulmonary embolism (PE) was explored by comparing three different methods in order to alleviate the sufferings of PE patients and reduce the mortality. Eighty patients with PE diagnosed by computed tomography angiography (CTA) were treated with thrombolysis, anticoagulation only, or surgery/intervention. The clinical efficacy of different treatments were compared and analyzed. Twenty-four out of the 26 patients (92%) in anticoagulation only group showed improvement in CTA and clinical presentations, which was significantly higher than that in the thrombolysis group (87%, n=39, P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the rate of mortality between thrombolysis group and anticoagulation only group. In the surgery/interventional group (n=15), the success rate was 47%, and the mortality rate was 14%. Both of them were significantly different from those in thrombolysis and anticoagulation only groups (both P<0.05). Log-rank analysis of the data of 5-year follow-up revealed that the survival time in surgery/intervention group was significantly shorter than in the other two groups (P<0.05). It was suggested that it is of importance to choose the appropriate therapeutic regimen for PE patients. Mortality may be reduced and prognosis may be improved with anticoagulation only and thrombolysis therapy.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anticoagulants ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Pulmonary Embolism ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Pulmonary Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; Survival Analysis ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; adverse effects

Multi-component traditional Chinese medicines are an innovative research mode for traditional Chinese medicines. Currently, there are many design methods for developing multi-component traditional Chinese medicines, but their common feature is the lack of effective connection of the traditional Chinese medicine theory. In this paper, the authors discussed the multi-component traditional Chinese medicine design methods based on medicinal property combination modes, provided the combination methods with the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine for the prescription combinations, and proved its feasibly with hypertension cases.
Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Rats

Objective To discuss the influence of intervention based o self-efficacy theory on the fluctuation of self-efficacy level in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods Two hundred and forty patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who were treated in radiotherapy department in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from Jun 2009 to Sept 2010 were chosen as the objective of this study.120 patients from Jun 2009 to Jan 2010 were the control group while 120 patients from Dec 2010 to Sept 2010 were the observation group.The control group was given conventional nursing while the observation group received intervention based on self-efficacy theory in addition.Patients' self-efficacy level was evaluated before,1-10 days after,11-20 days after and 21 days to the end of the treatment.Results The self-efficacy level was respectively(29.62 ± 3.20),(28.68 ± 2.65) and (29.25 ± 2.73) 1-10 days after,11-20 days after and 21 days to the end of the treatment in the observation group,better than (26.98 ± 3.16),(25.19 ± 3.62) and (24.28 ± 3.31) in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant (t =6.415,8.520,12.680,respectively; P ＜ 0.05).Self-efficacy level showed a descending trend in the control group during the process of tteatment,but first increased and then dropped but increased at last in the observation group.After intervention,patients' self-efficacy level was also different between two groups during different periods,and was better in the observation group than in the control group,with statistically significant differences (F =108.966,30.464,respectively; P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Intervention based on self-efficacy theory can improve the self-efficacy level in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and plays a positive role on the fluctuation of self-efficacy level in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the level of self-efficacy and relative factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and to provide scientific basis for drawing up nursing interventional measures. Methods 140 hospitalized nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were investigated by means of genera self-efficacy scale ( GSES), social support rating scale (SSRS), simple coping style questionnaire (SCSQ), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and everybody genera condition scale. Results The average score of self-efficacy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients was (27.33 ± 4.49), the self-efficacy was positively correlated with social support, positive coping style, the level of education, economical condition, but negatively with the level of depression and negative coping style. Conclusions Self-efficacy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients was influenced by multilateral factors. Nursing workers should take effective nursing interventional measures to enhance the self-efficacy of patients, promote the physical and psychological health and quality of life of patients.