ObjectiveType I interferon (IFN-I) signaling is essential for antiviral innate immunity, yet its sustained or excessive activation contributes to the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases and interferonopathies, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. Current strategies targeting this pathway, exemplified by JAK inhibitors, act mainly on downstream signal transduction and provide limited direct control over upstream IFN-I production, while also carrying the risk of broad immunosuppression. Phyllanthus emblica L. has long been used in traditional medicine for inflammatory disorders, but the bioactive constituent responsible for its regulation of IFN-I signaling and the underlying molecular mechanism have not been clearly defined. This study aimed to identify the active anti-inflammatory component of P. emblica and to characterize its mechanism of action on the IFN-I pathway in macrophages. MethodsActive components ofP. emblica and their candidate targets were screened by network pharmacology using the TCMSP and DrugBank databases (oral bioavailability≥30%, drug-likeness≥0.18) and intersected with inflammation-related genes retrieved from public databases. The predicted interaction between EGCG and IFN-I pathway proteins (TBK1, IRF3, STAT1) was evaluated by molecular docking, with BX795 and GSK8612 used as reference TBK1 inhibitors. Mechanistic experiments were performed in THP-1-derived macrophages and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). Upstream signaling was activated by transfection of the nucleic acid analogs poly(I∶C) and poly(dA∶dT) or by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, whereas downstream signaling was activated by exogenous IFN-β. An siRNA-mediated TREX1 knockdown model was used to mimic endogenous nucleic acid-driven interferonopathy. Expression of IFN-β1 and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) was measured by RT-qPCR, protein phosphorylation by Western blot, and IFN-β secretion by ELISA. Cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) were used to probe the interactionbetween EGCG and IRF3. ResultsNetwork pharmacology identified (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as a candidate IFN-I-suppressive constituent of P. emblica, with predicted binding to TBK1, IRF3, and STAT1. Molecular docking yielded binding energies of -9.2, -7.2, and -8.2 kcal/mol for TBK1, IRF3, and STAT1, respectively, indicating an affinity for TBK1 comparable to that of the reference inhibitors BX795 (-5.7 kcal/mol) and GSK8612 (-6.4 kcal/mol). EGCG suppressed IFN-β1 and ISG mRNA expression under poly (I∶C), poly (dA∶dT), and LPS stimulation in both THP-1 macrophages and BMDM. At the protein level, EGCG reduced the phosphorylation of TBK1 and IRF3 without affecting the levels of the upstream sensors cGAS and RIG-I, and lowered IFN-β secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. CETSA and DARTS showed that EGCG did not enhance the thermal stability or protease resistance of IRF3, indicating that its effect on IRF3 is indirect. Following IFN-β stimulation, prolonged EGCG treatment reduced STAT1 phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner without an apparent change in IRF9, and partially attenuated ISG transcription; this effect was not monotonicly concentration-dependent, and CXCL10 showed the most consistent suppression. In TREX1-knockdown cells, the elevated mRNA levels of ISG15, ISG56, and CXCL10 were reduced by EGCG. ConclusionEGCG suppresses IFN-I responses by concurrently inhibiting TBK1-IRF3-dependent IFN‑β production and JAK-STAT1-mediated downstream transcription. These in vitro findings provide a mechanistic basis for the anti-inflammatory use of P. emblica in traditional medicine and identify EGCG as a candidate for further evaluation in interferon-driven autoimmune disease models.

Objective: To analyze the structural changes in whole blood and apheresis platelet donations in Chinese Society of Blood Transfusion (CSBT) sentinel units from 2021 to 2025, and to provide evidence for donor recruitment and blood service management. Methods: Aggregated data reported by sentinel sites were collected and stratified according to six indicators: age, sex, donation history, donation volume, donation site, and organization mode. Pearson χ test, Cramer′V coefficient, Cochran-Armitage trend test and simple linear regression were adopted for analysis. Results: A total of 16 256 973 whole blood donations and 1 576 546 apheresis platelet donations were included. Among whole-blood donations, the proportion of donors aged 18-22 years decreased from 27.30% to 10.60%. The proportion of male donors increased from 58.81% to 63.13%; the proportion of people aged 30 and above increased from 58.40% to 75.30%; the proportion of fixed locations rose from 28.37% to 36.57%; the proportion of social groups increased from 21.69% to 39.69%. The 400-mL donations decreased from 62.12% to 53.46%, while individually initiated voluntary donations remained above 50%. Apheresis platelet donations were predominantly from males, individuals aged 30-39 years, and repeat donors; 2-treatment-unit apheresis platelet donations increased from 67.19% to 74.93%, and individually initiated donations accounted for 92.97%-96.02%. Statistically significant overall annual compositional differences were observed for all six indicators (all P<0.001), whereas linear trends for some sub-categories were not statistically significant. Conclusion: In the participating CSBT sentinel units, among whole blood donations, the proportions of donors aged 18-22 years, university-organized group donations, and donations at blood mobiles decreased, whereas the proportions of organizational group donations and donations at fixed venues increased. The apheresis platelet donation cohort is relatively mature and is evolving toward a high-efficiency donation model. Individual voluntary donation remains the primary organization mode for both donation types. Strategies such as youth donor recruitment, optimized layout of fixed donation sites, and retention of repeat donors should be strengthened to improve the resilience of blood supply.

Hemp seed oil serves as the core pharmacodynamic part of hemp seed， containing various active constituents including fatty acids and their esters （such as linoleic acid， methyl linolenate， etc.）， tocopherols （such as α -tocopherol， β -tocopherol， etc.）， polyphenols （such as caffeic acid， quercetin， etc.）， and cannabinoids （such as cannabidiolic acid， cannabinol， etc.）. Pharmacological studies demonstrate that hemp seed oil exerts anti-oxidation and anti-aging， blood-lipid-lowering and anti-atherosclerotic， neuroprotective， anti-inflammatory effects， as well as functions in regulating intestinal microecology and improving intestinal mucosal barrier function. Its mechanisms are related to scavenging free radicals， activating endogenous antioxidant enzymes， improving the function of central cholinergic system， mitigating neuroinflammatory responses， regulating the balance of inflammatory factors， interfering with inflammatory signaling pathways， and optimizing the structure of intestinal microbiota. In future studies， a correlation network of “chemical component group-multi-target pharmacodynamic effect” can be constructed according to the chemical characteristics of hemp seed oil， and its pharmacodynamic evaluation for chronic diseases can be expanded， so as to promote its in-depth development and clinical transformation.

Objective To predict the potential suitable habitats of Scutellaria barbata D.Don across China;To provide a theoretical basis for its artificial cultivation and standardized planting practices.Methods Distribution data were collected from 186 sample sites,combined with data from 90 environmental factors,and the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS 10.8.1 software were used to screen the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of Scutellaria barbata D.Don and to analyse and predict the distribution of Scutellaria barbata D.Don suitability zones in China.Results The dominant environmental factors affecting the distribution of Scutellaria barbata D.Don were the driest month precipitation,vegetation subclasses,minimum temperature in September,precipitation in October,and soil base saturation.The high-suitability zones for Scutellaria barbata D.Don are primarily concentrated in the northern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and its bordering areas with Hunan Province,the central of Guangdong Province,and the border regions between Jiangxi Province and Fujian Province.Conclusion The predicted results of this study can provide a reference for the selection of sites for artificial cultivation and standardized planting of Scutellaria barbata D.Don in southeast China and eastern southwest China(e.g.Zhejiang Province,Jiangxi Province,Sichuan Province,etc.),and provide a reference for the sustainable utilization of Scutellaria barbata D.Don medicinal resources.

Objective:To analyze a Chinese pedigree with Hereditary coagulation factor Ⅻ (FⅫ) deficiency duo to variants of F12 gene and explore its molecular pathogenesis. Methods:A patient who underwent laparoscopic cystectomy at the Department of Gynecology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University in June 2012 was selected as the study subject. Coagulation factor indexes of the proband and her family members (5 individuals from three generations) were determined. All exons, flanking sequences, 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of the F12 gene of the proband and her family members were analyzed by direct sequencing. Three bioinformatics software was used to analyze the conservation, pathogenicity and protein model of the variant. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Hospital (Ethics No. 2012-17). Results:The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), FⅫ activity (FⅫ: C) and FⅫ antigen (FⅫ: Ag) of the proband was 180.0 s, 1.0% and 2.1%, respectively. DNA sequencing revealed that she has harbored compound heterozygous variants of the F12 gene, namely c. 712_713insT (p.Cys238Leufs *73) in exon 8 and c. 1561G>A (p.Glu521Lys) in exon 13. Her mother and younger son were heterozygous for the p. Cys238Leufs*73 variant, while her older son was heterozygous for the p. Glu521Lys variant. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that Cys238 is highly conserved and p. Cys238Leufs*73 is a pathogenic variant, which eventually resulted in a truncated protein. Conclusion:The c. 712_713insT and c. 1561G>A compound heterozygous variants of the F12 gene probably underlay the decreased FⅫ level in this pedigree, among which c. 712_713insT (NM_000505) was unreported previously.

Objective:To establish a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) method for rapid identification of Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus and its adulterants.Methods:The Fourier transform infrared spectra of Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus and its adulterants were established, and the second derivative spectral analysis, clustering analysis, principal component analysis, opls-da and cluster independent soft mode classification model were analyzed to explore the difference characteristic peaks of Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus and its adulterants.Results:The first order infrared spectrum showed that the peak shape and peak intensity of Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus and its adulterants were different. Clustering analysis, principal component analysis and OPLS-DA results showed that Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus and its adulterants showed good clustering characteristics. SIMCA method was used to construct the model, and the accuracy of the training set and the verification set were 100%, which further verified the feasibility of this method in identifying the authenticity of Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus.Conclusions:The second-order infrared spectroscopy can accurately distinguish the differences between Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus and its adulterants. The method is fast and accurate, and can be used for the authenticity identification of Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus.

Objective To explore the relationship between dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI)and clinical pathological features of invasive breast cancer and lymphovascular invasion(LVI).Methods Imaging and clinical pathological data were retrospectively collected from 508 patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent breast DCE-MRI at the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2019 to August 2021.Patients were divided into the LVI-positive(LVI+)group(n=79)and LVI-negative(LVI-)group(n=429)based on postoperative pathological results.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for LVI.Results Compared with LVI-group,LVI+group had a higher proportion of patients aged<45 years(44.3%vs.27.0%,P=0.002),non-mass-like enhancement(NME)(31.7%vs.17.7%,P=0.004),Ki-67 expression rate(40.0%vs.30.0%,P<0.001),high Ki-67 expression(94.9%vs.78.1%,P=0.001),Luminal B subtype(76.0%vs.60.1%,P=0.008),and positive axillary lymph nodes rate(72.2%vs.31.5%,P<0.001),while the proportion of Luminal A subtype was lower(2.5%vs.21.5%,P<0.001).Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that age≥45 years(OR=0.468,95%CI 0.280-0.783,P=0.004)was an independent protective factor for LVI,while NME(OR=1.987,95%CI 1.126-3.444,P=0.016)was an independent risk factor.Compared with Luminal A subtype,patients with Luminal B subtype(OR=10.482,95%CI 3.164-64.923,P=0.001),HER-2 overexpression subtype(OR=11.571,95%CI 2.755-79.341,P=0.003)and triple-negative subtypes(OR=8.433,95%CI 1.985-57.908,P=0.009)had a higher risk of LVI.Conclusions Age≥45 years is an independent protective factor for LVI,while NME is an independent risk factor.Among molecular subtypes,patients with Luminal B,HER-2 overexpression and triple-negative subtypes have a higher risk of LVI compared with the Luminal A subtype.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of common pathogens isolated from cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)in CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.Methods The bacterial strains isolated from CSF were identified in accordance with clinical microbiology practice standards.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using Kirby-Bauer method and automated systems per the unified CHINET protocol.Results A total of 14 014 bacterial strains were isolated from CSF samples from 2015 to 2021,including the strains isolated from inpatients(95.3％)and from outpatient and emergency care patients(4.7％).Overall,19.6％of the isolates were from children and 80.4％were from adults.Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 68.0％and 32.0％,respectively.Coagulase negative Staphylococcus accounted for 73.0％of the total Gram-positive bacterial isolates.The prevalence of MRSA was 38.2％in children and 45.6％in adults.The prevalence of MRCNS was 67.6％in adults and 69.5％in children.A small number of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium(2.2％)and linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis(3.1％)were isolated from adult patients.The resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to ceftriaxone were 52.2％and 76.4％in children,70.5％and 63.5％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.coli and K.pneumoniae(CRKP)was 1.3％and 47.7％in children,6.4％and 47.9％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA)was 74.0％and 37.1％in children,81.7％and 39.9％in adults.Conclusions The data derived from antimicrobial resistance surveillance are crucial for clinicians to make evidence-based decisions regarding antibiotic therapy.Attention should be paid to the Gram-negative bacteria,especially CRKP and CRAB in central nervous system(CNS)infections.Ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for optimizing antibiotic use in CNS infections.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates from elderly patients(≥65 years)in major medical institutions across China.Methods Bacterial strains were isolated from elderly patients in 52 hospitals participating in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program during the period from 2015 to 2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by disk diffusion method and automated systems according to the same CHINET protocol.The data were interpreted in accordance with the breakpoints recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2021.Results A total of 514 715 nonduplicate clinical isolates were collected from elderly patients in 52 hospitals from January 1,2015 to December 31,2021.The number of isolates accounted for 34.3％of the total number of clinical isolates from all patients.Overall,21.8％of the 514 715 strains were gram-positive bacteria,and 78.2％were gram-negative bacteria.Majority(90.9％)of the strains were isolated from inpatients.About 42.9％of the strains were isolated from respiratory specimens,and 22.9％were isolated from urine.More than half(60.7％)of the strains were isolated from male patients,and 39.3％isolated from females.About 51.1％of the strains were isolated from patients aged 65-＜75 years.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains(MRSA)was 38.8％in 32 190 strains of Staphylococcus aureus.No vancomycin-or linezolid-resistant strains were found.The resistance rate of E.faecalis to most antibiotics was significantly lower than that of Enterococcus faecium,but a few vancomycin-resistant strains(0.2％,1.5％)and linezolid-resistant strains(3.4％,0.3％)were found in E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible S.pneumoniae(PSSP),penicillin-intermediate S.pneumoniae(PISP),and penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae(PRSP)was 94.3％,4.0％,and 1.7％in nonmeningitis S.pneumoniae isolates.The resistance rates of Klebsiella spp.(Klebsiella pneumoniae 93.2％)to imipenem and meropenem were 20.9％and 22.3％,respectively.Other Enterobacterales species were highly sensitive to carbapenem antibiotics.Only 1.7％-7.8％of other Enterobacterales strains were resistant to carbapenems.The resistance rates of Acinetobacter spp.(Acinetobacter baumannii 90.6％)to imipenem and meropenem were 68.4％and 70.6％respectively,while 28.5％and 24.3％of P.aeruginosa strains were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively.Conclusions The number of clinical isolates from elderly patients is increasing year by year,especially in the 65-＜75 age group.Respiratory tract isolates were more prevalent in male elderly patients,and urinary tract isolates were more prevalent in female elderly patients.Klebsiella isolates were increasingly resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents,especially carbapenems.Antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for accurate empirical antimicrobial therapy in elderly patients.

Objective:To analyze the effects of different doses of butorphanol on prolactin, serotonin and lipid hydrogen peroxide after cesarean section.Methods:A total of 124 women who underwent cesarean section in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from January 2023 to January 2024 were prospectatively selected as study subjects, and divided into the study group 1 (41 cases), study group 2 (41 cases) and study group 3 (42 cases) according to random number table method. All three groups underwent patient-controlled analgesia after surgery, and 0.2 mg fentanyl was used as analgesic drug. However, the doses of butorphanol were 100 mg/L in the study group 1, 120 mg/L in the study group 2, and 140 mg/L in the study group 3. The level of PRL and first lactation time before and after surgery were compared among the three groups at different time points, serotonin and LHP levels were compared among the three groups at different time points after surgery, Ramsay and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were compared among the three groups at different time points after surgery, and the occurrence of adverse reactions and satisfaction with analgesic effect were compared among the three groups.Results:At 24, 48 and 72 h after operation, the level of PRL in the study group 3 was higher than that in the study group 2 and study group 1: (383.02 ± 47.57) μg/L vs. (376.39 ± 46.83), (302.88 ± 41.38) μg/L; (412.38 ± 40.22) μg/L vs. (394.82 ± 38.30), (315.09 ± 37.93) μg/L; (434.39 ± 39.39) μg/L vs. (427.48 ± 40.27), (344.39 ± 42.78) μg/L, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The first lactation time in the study group 2 and study group 3 was lower than that in the study group 1: (50.31 ± 6.52), (49.54 ± 6.27) h vs. (53.91 ± 8.42) h, there was statistical difference ( P<0.05). At 2 h (T 1), 12 h (T 2), 24 h (T 3) and 48 h (T 4) after surgery, the levels of serotonin in the study group 3, study group 2 and study group 1 were increased successively, and the levels of LHP were decreased successively, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). At 30 min after surgery (T 0), T 1, T 2, T 3 and T 4, the Ramsay score in the study group 3, study group 2 and study group 1 were increased successively, and the VAS score were decreased successively, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among the three groups ( P>0.05). The total satisfaction of study group 3 was higher than that of study group 2 and study group 1: 92.86%(39/42) vs. 73.17%(30/41), 68.29%(28/41), there was statistical difference ( Z = 2.52, P = 0.008). Conclusions:Butorphanol 140 mg/L has a more significant analgesic effect after cesarean section, and can improve the levels of serum PRL, serotonin and LHP, reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions, and improve the satisfaction of analgesia