ObjectiveTo clarify whether METTL14 mediates the core role of acupuncture at Neiguan (PC6) in promoting myelination and improving behavior in young autistic rats through gene intervention technology. MethodsThe ASD model was established by intraperitoneal injection of valproic acid (VPA) in pregnant rats. Male offspring were intracerebroventricularly injected with adenovirus-packaged METTL14 shRNA (sh-METTL14) or its control (sh-NC) on postnatal day 1, with a model group set as well. Subsequently, the juvenile rats were divided into model group, acupuncture group, acupuncture+sh-NC group, and acupuncture+sh-METTL14 group. The acupuncture group received acupuncture at Neiguan (PC6) from postnatal day 7, once daily for 21 consecutive days. Neurobehavioral changes were evaluated by behavioral tests; METTL14 knockdown efficiency and the expression of METTL14, METTL3, and PTEN were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB); PTEN m⁶A levels were measured by RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR (RIP-qPCR); myelin ultrastructure, expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and neurofascin 155 (NF155), and dendritic spine density were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and primary neuron culture. ResultsBehaviorally, knockdown of METTL14 significantly counteracted the beneficial effects of acupuncture in improving self-grooming, open field exploration, three-chamber social interaction, and Morris water maze learning and memory (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the acupuncture+sh-NC group, the acupuncture+sh-METTL14 group showed significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression of hippocampal METTL14 (P<0.01), and the upregulating effects of acupuncture on METTL3 and PTEN expression were reversed (P<0.01). Meanwhile, knockdown of METTL14 significantly inhibited the acupuncture-induced increase in PTEN m⁶A levels (P<0.01). Morphologically, knockdown of METTL14 attenuated the improvement of myelin structure by acupuncture, reversed the downregulation of MBP and upregulation of NF155 induced by acupuncture, and blocked the increase in dendritic spine density (P<0.05, P<0.01). ConclusionMETTL14 is a key molecule mediating the therapeutic effect of acupuncture at Neiguan. Acupuncture at Neiguan upregulates METTL14, thereby enhancing m⁶A methylation modification of PTEN mRNA to stabilize its expression, ultimately promoting myelin development and improving behavioral symptoms in ASD juvenile rats. This preliminarily reveals the modern biological connotation of “opening Xuanfu and dredging myelin”.

ObjectiveTo clarify whether METTL14 mediates the core role of acupuncture at Neiguan (PC6) in promoting myelination and improving behavior in young autistic rats through gene intervention technology. MethodsThe ASD model was established by intraperitoneal injection of valproic acid (VPA) in pregnant rats. Male offspring were intracerebroventricularly injected with adenovirus-packaged METTL14 shRNA (sh-METTL14) or its control (sh-NC) on postnatal day 1, with a model group set as well. Subsequently, the juvenile rats were divided into model group, acupuncture group, acupuncture+sh-NC group, and acupuncture+sh-METTL14 group. The acupuncture group received acupuncture at Neiguan (PC6) from postnatal day 7, once daily for 21 consecutive days. Neurobehavioral changes were evaluated by behavioral tests; METTL14 knockdown efficiency and the expression of METTL14, METTL3, and PTEN were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB); PTEN m⁶A levels were measured by RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR (RIP-qPCR); myelin ultrastructure, expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and neurofascin 155 (NF155), and dendritic spine density were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and primary neuron culture. ResultsBehaviorally, knockdown of METTL14 significantly counteracted the beneficial effects of acupuncture in improving self-grooming, open field exploration, three-chamber social interaction, and Morris water maze learning and memory (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the acupuncture+sh-NC group, the acupuncture+sh-METTL14 group showed significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression of hippocampal METTL14 (P<0.01), and the upregulating effects of acupuncture on METTL3 and PTEN expression were reversed (P<0.01). Meanwhile, knockdown of METTL14 significantly inhibited the acupuncture-induced increase in PTEN m⁶A levels (P<0.01). Morphologically, knockdown of METTL14 attenuated the improvement of myelin structure by acupuncture, reversed the downregulation of MBP and upregulation of NF155 induced by acupuncture, and blocked the increase in dendritic spine density (P<0.05, P<0.01). ConclusionMETTL14 is a key molecule mediating the therapeutic effect of acupuncture at Neiguan. Acupuncture at Neiguan upregulates METTL14, thereby enhancing m⁶A methylation modification of PTEN mRNA to stabilize its expression, ultimately promoting myelin development and improving behavioral symptoms in ASD juvenile rats. This preliminarily reveals the modern biological connotation of “opening Xuanfu and dredging myelin”.

ObjectiveTo investigate the attitudes and competence of nursing interns toward hospice care， analyze the key factors influencing their performance， and provide targeted improvement suggestions to enhance their comprehensive quality. MethodsA total of 273 undergraduate nursing interns were investigated. General demographic data were collected， and the Chinese version of the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale， Form B （FATCOD-B） and the Hospice Care Competency Assessment Questionnaire were administered to evaluate their attitudes and competence in hospice care. A total of 270 valid questionnaires were recovered. Multiple linear regression was performed to analyze the influencing factors of hospice care attitudes and competence among nursing interns. ResultsThe total score of hospice care attitudes was （76.04±12.18） among these 270 nursing interns. Having cared for critically ill patients， receiving hospice care-related education， and experiencing the loss of relatives or friends in the past year were positive influencing factors for their hospice care attitudes， whereas avoidance of talking about death was a negative influencing factor. The total score of hospice care competence was （42.75±4.68）. Having cared for critically ill patients and receiving hospice care-related education represented positive influencing factors for their hospice care competence. ConclusionThe hospice care attitudes and competence of nursing interns are all at moderate levels. It is necessary to strengthen education and training on hospice care for nursing interns， improve the ability of nurses， and provide assistance for the development of hospice care.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the chemical constituents and absorbed prototype components in blood of Zhenyang jiuxin decoction， and explore its potential active substances in the treatment of chronic heart failure （CHF）. METHODS SD rats were divided into a blank group （distilled water） and administration groups with blood collection at 0， 15， 30 and 60 min after dosing （14.96 g/kg calculated by crude drug）， with 2 rats in each group. Intragastric administration was conducted once every 12 hours for 3 consecutive days. After the last administration， rat blood was collected to prepare drug-containing serum. UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HRMS combined with the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking technology was adopted to identify the chemical constituents of Zhenyang jiuxin decoction and the absorbed prototype components in blood in drug-containing serum. Moreover， network pharmacology， molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were used to predict the potential active components and action targets for CHF treatment. RESULTS A total of 116 chemical constituents were identified from Zhenyang jiuxin decoction， including flavonoids （29 species）， terpenoids （26 species）， saponins （22 species） and other compounds. Twenty absorbed prototype components in blood were detected in drug-containing serum， including icariin， ginsenoside Rg 1 and atractylenolide Ⅰ. Six key active components （icariin， ginsenoside Rg 1 ， atractylenolide Ⅰ， hexadecanamide， etc.） and six core k ey targets such as glycogen synthase kinase-3β （GSK-3β）， amyloid precursor protein （APP） and epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） were screened out via network pharmacology. Molecular docking results showed that all key active components had favorable binding activity with core targets； among them， icariin had the strongest binding capacity to APP. Molecular dynamics simulation verified that the complex formed by icariin and APP possessed excellent stability. CONCLUSIONS The potential active substances of Zhenyang jiuxin decoction against CHF are icariin， ginsenoside Rg₁， atractylenolide Ⅰ and other ingredients， which act on APP， EGFR， GSK-3β and other targets. APP may serve as one of the important action targets of icariin.

Owing to its inherent advantages—such as being non-destructive, rapid, highly molecule-specific, and minimally interfered with by moisture—Raman spectroscopy has been widely adopted in the fields of skin barrier function assessment, monitoring the transdermal penetration of active cosmetic ingredients, and the identification and quality control of cosmetic products. Despite these strengths, the practical application of this technique faces a significant bottleneck: the strong fluorescence background generated by endogenous skin components and exogenous cosmetic additives. Endogenous skin substances, such as structural proteins (e.g., collagen and elastin), metabolic coenzymes (e.g., nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), and pigments (e.g., melanin), together with exogenous cosmetic constituents like organic colorants, chemical sunscreens, and fragrances, often possess strong absorption and emission characteristics. When excited by lasers, these components produce a fluorescence background that can be 10⁶ to 10⁸ times stronger than the Raman scattering signals, effectively masking the inherently weak vibrational fingerprint information. In recent years, driven by the rapid development of optoelectronic hardware and artificial intelligence algorithms, fluorescence suppression strategies have evolved from isolated, single-method approaches into comprehensive, multi-level synergistic systems. These systems are categorized into three distinct tiers: sample preparation, signal acquisition, and data processing. At the sample preparation level, techniques such as photobleaching and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are employed to eliminate or bypass the generation of fluorescence at the source. At the signal acquisition level, instrumental improvements—including the use of long-wavelength near-infrared excitation (typically 785 nm or 1 064 nm), confocal spatial filtering, and shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS)— are utilized to physically isolate Raman signals from the fluorescence background. Furthermore, at the data processing level, numerical baseline correction methods such as polynomial fitting, penalized least squares (e.g., airPLS, arPLS), wavelet transform, and derivative algorithms are increasingly integrated into the analytical pipeline to extract Raman spectral features from mixed signals without increasing hardware costs or acquisition time. This review provides a systematic categorization and critical evaluation of these fluorescence suppression methods, detailing their underlying principles, technical advantages, and inherent limitations in diverse experimental setups. By focusing on critical application scenarios—including skin barrier assessment, percutaneous absorption monitoring, the routine quality control of cosmetics, and the emerging field of portable on-site detection—this paper explores the current state of technique selection and optimization. Finally, the article discusses future development trends, emphasizing the necessity of constructing adaptive, tiered suppression strategies, developing intelligent and automated data processing algorithms, and promoting the integration of portable, multi-modal diagnostic devices. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive technical reference to facilitate the transition of Raman spectroscopy from a specialized laboratory tool into a routine, robust analytical platform for advancements in skin science and cosmetic research.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the chemical constituents and absorbed prototype components in blood of Zhenyang jiuxin decoction， and explore its potential active substances in the treatment of chronic heart failure （CHF）. METHODS SD rats were divided into a blank group （distilled water） and administration groups with blood collection at 0， 15， 30 and 60 min after dosing （14.96 g/kg calculated by crude drug）， with 2 rats in each group. Intragastric administration was conducted once every 12 hours for 3 consecutive days. After the last administration， rat blood was collected to prepare drug-containing serum. UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HRMS combined with the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking technology was adopted to identify the chemical constituents of Zhenyang jiuxin decoction and the absorbed prototype components in blood in drug-containing serum. Moreover， network pharmacology， molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were used to predict the potential active components and action targets for CHF treatment. RESULTS A total of 116 chemical constituents were identified from Zhenyang jiuxin decoction， including flavonoids （29 species）， terpenoids （26 species）， saponins （22 species） and other compounds. Twenty absorbed prototype components in blood were detected in drug-containing serum， including icariin， ginsenoside Rg 1 and atractylenolide Ⅰ. Six key active components （icariin， ginsenoside Rg 1 ， atractylenolide Ⅰ， hexadecanamide， etc.） and six core k ey targets such as glycogen synthase kinase-3β （GSK-3β）， amyloid precursor protein （APP） and epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） were screened out via network pharmacology. Molecular docking results showed that all key active components had favorable binding activity with core targets； among them， icariin had the strongest binding capacity to APP. Molecular dynamics simulation verified that the complex formed by icariin and APP possessed excellent stability. CONCLUSIONS The potential active substances of Zhenyang jiuxin decoction against CHF are icariin， ginsenoside Rg₁， atractylenolide Ⅰ and other ingredients， which act on APP， EGFR， GSK-3β and other targets. APP may serve as one of the important action targets of icariin.

An integrated extraction-purification process was established in this work for efficient phycocyanin production from dried Spirulina platensispowder.Initially,phycocyanin was extracted from algal biomass using a combined swelling-enzymatic lysis strategy.Single-factor experiments were carried out to systematically evaluate the effects of critical parameters,including system pH,enzymatic hydrolysis duration,and temperature,on phycocyanin extraction yield.Subsequently,a three-factor,three-level Box-Behnken response surface methodology design was employed to optimize the extraction process,with phycocyanin concentration and purity in the extract serving as response variables.A predictive regression model identified optimal conditions as follows:pH 6.4,hydrolysis time 3.2 h,and temperature 35.4℃.Experimental validation under these conditions yielded a phycocyanin recovery of 26.6%.Following extraction,purification was achieved via a polyethylene glycol-phosphate aqueous two-phase extraction system,which elevated the final purity to 4.21.Results demonstrated that the swelling-enzymatic lysis approach effectively disrupted algal cellular structures,significantly enhancing phycocyanin release efficiency.Concurrently,the aqueous two-phase system enabled selective partitioning and enrichment of the target protein under mild conditions.The integrated process exhibited high extraction efficiency,gentle purification,and robust operability,rendering it suitable for the scalable production of natural phycocyanin.This work provided both methodological foundations and technical support for advancing phycocyanin applications in natural pigments,biomedicine,and analytical detection.

Objective To explore the effects of Jingling Oral Liquid(mainly composed of Polygoni Multiflori Radix,Polygonati Rhizoma,Platycladi Semen,Nelumbinis Semen,Ligustri Lucidi Fructus,Poria,and Lilii Bulbus)as an adjunctive therapy on cognitive,motor,and social abilities in children with global developmental delay(GDD).Methods A total of 120 children with GDD who visited the Department of Neurological Rehabilitation at Hebei Children's Hospital from July 2021 to November 2023 were selected as the study subjects.The children were randomly divided into a control group and a trial group using a random number table,with 60 children in each group.The control group received conventional comprehensive rehabilitation training,while the trial group received Jingling Oral Liquid as an adjunctive therapy in addition to the control group's treatment.The treatment course lasted 12 weeks.Before and after treatment,the changes in Gesell Developmental Scale(GDS)scores,Peabody Developmental Motor Scales(PDMS)scores,motor function scores,and language ability scores in both groups were observed to evaluate the cognitive,motor,and social abilities of the children.Results(1)After treatment,the scores of all dimensions of the GDS,including adaption,developmental quotient of fine motor,language developmental quotient,and personal-social developmental quotient,were significantly increased in both groups compared to those before treatment(P＜0.01),and the improvement of GDS scores in the trial group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(2)After treatment,the scores of all dimensions of the PDMS,including fine developmental quotient score,standardized score of visual-motor integration,and standardized score of grasping,were significantly increased in both groups compared to those before treatment(P＜0.01),and the improvement of PDMS scores in the trial group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(3)After treatment,the scores of motor function indicators of fine motor quotient(FMQ),gross motor quotient(GMQ),and total motor quotient(TMQ)were significantly increased in both groups compared to those before treatment(P＜0.01),and the improvement of motor function scores in the trial group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(4)After treatment,the language ability scores were significantly increased in both groups compared to those before treatment(P＜0.01),and the improvement of language ability scores in the trial group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion The combination of Jingling Oral Liquid with conventional comprehensive rehabilitation training can effectively improve the cognitive,motor,and social abilities of children with GDD.

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Blood transfusion is one of the most commonly used supportive treatments for children with hematological diseases. This guideline provides guidance and recommendations for blood transfusions in children with aplastic anemia, thalassemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. This article presents the evidence and interpretation of the blood transfusion provisions for children with hematological diseases in the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion", aiming to assist in the understanding and implementing the blood transfusion section of this guideline.
Humans ; Child ; Hematologic Diseases/therapy* ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Blood transfusion for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is highly complex and challenging. This guideline provides recommendations on transfusion thresholds and the selection of blood components for these children. This article presents the evidence and interpretation of the transfusion provisions for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with the aim of enhancing the understanding and implementation of the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion".
Humans ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Child ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic