Brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonoses globally, which poses serious threats to both global public health and development of animal husbandry. Conventional brucellosis control measures suffer problems of surveillance coordination, regional joint prevention, and policy implementation, which are insufficient to address the challenges of ecological risks and crosshost transmission. The One Health approach allocates interdisciplinary and intersectoral collaborations to achieve systemic health of humans, animals, and environments, which provides new insights into brucellosis control programmes. This review describes the pathogenic biological characteristics, global epidemiological landscape, and transmission ecology of brucellosis, evaluates the main limitations of current control strategies, summarizes the experiences from successful One Health practices across countries at different stages of development, and proposes the brucellosis control strategy based on the One Health concept with adaptations to the current epidemiology of brucellosis in China, so as to provide the theoretical evidence and practical framework for the national brucellosis control programmes in China, thereby facilitating the effective control and the ultimate elimination of brucellosis.

Klebsiella pneumoniae,as a clinically prevalent opportunistic pathogen,ranks as the second most com-monly detected pathogen in clinical isolates in China.The extensive clinical use of carbapenem antibiotics has led to a high global detection rate of carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae(CRKP).Characterized by complex resist-ance mechanisms and diverse evolutionary pathways,CRKP infections pose significant challenges in prevention and treatment,with high associated mortality rates,creating substantial obstacles for clinical anti-infective therapy.In recent years,the emergence and global spread of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent K.pneumoniae(CR-hvKP)have escalated into a major public health threat.Notably,hypervirulent K.pneumoniae isolates carry-ing carbapenem resistance genes are rapidly disseminating worldwide,causing fatal infections even in immunocom-petent individuals.This article systematically reviews the latest research advances on the resistance mechanisms,evolutionary pathways,adaptive changes,and clinical management strategies of CR-hvKP,aiming to deepen un-derstanding of this"superbug"and provide a theoretical foundation for clinical prevention and control.

Risks of food safety induced by small molecule drug residues in animal food and environment have become an increasing public concern,so it is necessary to develop highly sensitive and easy-to-operate techniques to detect small molecules.Herein,a metasurface plasma resonance(MetaSPR)sensor chip coupled with gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)was developed for detection of enrofloxacin(ENR)based on competitive immunoassay.The detection range of the sensor for ENR was 0.025-3.2 ng/mL,and the detection limit(3σ)was 20 pg/mL.The biosensor showed excellent performance including high selectivity,good stability,ease to operate and high throughput,etc.The developed method was applied to detection of ENR residues in real samples,with recoveies of 96.0% -105.0%.The proposed sensing strategy provided new technique reference for detection of other small molecules in the field of residue analysis in food safety and environment monitoring.

Objective To examine the changing prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Burkholderia cepacia in 52 hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021.Methods A total of 9 261 strains of B.cepacia were collected from 52 hospitals between January 1,2015 and December 31,2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility of the strains was tested using Kirby-Bauer method or automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing systems according to a unified protocol.The results were interpreted according to the breakpoints released in the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)guidelines(2023 edition).Results A total of 9 261 strains of B.cepacia were isolated from all age groups,especially elderly patients.The proportion was 11.1％(1 032 strains)in children,significantly lower than the proportion in adults.About half(46.5％,4 310/9 261)of the strains were isolated from patients at least 60 years old and 42.3％(3 919/9 261)of the strains were isolated from young adults.Most isolates(71.1％)were isolated from sputum and respiratory secretions,followed by urine(10.7％)and blood samples(8.1％).B.cepacia isolates were highly susceptible to the five antimicrobial agents recommended in the CLSI M100 document(33rd edition,2023).B.cepacia isolates showed relatively higher resistance rates to meropenem and levofloxacin.However,the resistance rates to ceftazidime,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,and minocycline remained below 8.1％.The percentage of B.cepacia strains resistant to levofloxacin was the highest compared to other antibiotics in any of the three age groups(from 12.4％in the patients＜18 years old to 20.6％in the patients aged 60 years or older).Conclusions B.cepacia is one of the clinically important non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria.Accurate and timely reporting of antimicrobial susceptibility test results and ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance are helpful for rational prescription of antimicrobial agents and proper prevention and control of nosocomial infections.

Objective To summarize the changing prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales based on the data of CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program from 2015 to 2021 for improving antimicrobial treatment in clinical practice.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using a commercial automated susceptibility testing system according to the unified CHINET protocol.The results were interpreted according to the breakpoints of the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)M100 31st ed in 2021.Results Over the seven-year period(2015-2021),the overall prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE)was 9.43％(62 342/661 235).The prevalence of CRE strains in Klebsiella pneumoniae,Citrobacter freundii,and Enterobacter cloacae was 22.38％,9.73％,and 8.47％,respectively.The prevalence of CRE strains in Escherichia coli was 1.99％.A few CRE strains were also identified in Salmonella and Shigella.The CRE strains were mainly isolated from respiratory specimens(44.23±2.80)％,followed by blood(20.88±3.40)％and urine(18.40±3.45)％.Intensive care units(ICUs)were the major source of the CRE strains(27.43±5.20)％.CRE strains were resistant to all the β-lactam antibiotics tested and most non-β-lactam antimicrobial agents.The CRE strains were relatively susceptible to tigecycline and polymyxins with low resistance rates.Conclusions The prevalence of CRE strains was increasing from 2015 to 2021.CRE strains were highly resistant to most of the antibacterial drugs used in clinical practice.Clinicians should prescribe antimicrobial agents rationally.Hospitals should strengthen antibiotic stewardship in key clinical settings such as ICUs,and take effective infection control measures to curb CRE outbreak and epidemic in hospitals.

Objective To characterize the changing species distribution and antibiotic resistance profiles of respiratory isolates in hospitals participating in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program from 2015 to 2021.Methods Commercial automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing systems and disk diffusion method were used to test the susceptibility of respiratory bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents following the standardized technical protocol established by the CHINET program.Results A total of 589 746 respiratory isolates were collected from 2015 to 2021.Overall,82.6％of the isolates were Gram-negative bacteria and 17.4％were Gram-positive bacteria.The bacterial isolates from outpatients and inpatients accounted for(6.0±0.9)％and(94.0±0.1)％,respectively.The top microorganisms were Klebsiella spp.,Acinetobacter spp.,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus,Haemophilus spp.,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,Escherichia coli,and Streptococcus pneumoniae.Each microorganism was isolated from significantly more males than from females(P＜0.05).The overall prevalence of methicillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA)was 39.9％.The prevalence of penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae was 1.4％.The prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase(ESBL)-producing E.coli and K.pneumoniae was 67.8％and 41.3％,respectively.The overall prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.coli,K.pneumoniae,Enterobacter cloacae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Acinetobacter baumannii was 3.7％,20.8％,9.4％,29.8％,and 73.3％,respectively.The prevalence of β-lactamase was 96.1％in Moraxella catarrhalis and 60.0％in Haemophilus influenzae.The H.influenzae isolates from children(＜18 years)showed significantly higher resistance rates to β-lactam antibiotics than the isolates from adults(P＜0.05).Conclusions Gram-negative bacteria are still predominant in respiratory isolates associated with serious antibiotic resistance.Antimicrobial resistance surveillance should be strengthened in clinical practice to support accurate etiological diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing results.

Objective:To evaluate the value of spectral CT quantitative parameters in predicting microvascular invasion (MVI) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:A total of 100 HCC patients who underwent surgical resection and were pathologically diagnosed in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University from January 2020 to January 2023 were retrospectively enrolled. According to pathological grading, the patients were divided into the microvascular invasion group (invasion group, n=60) and the non-vascular invasion group (non-invasion group, n=40). Serological indicators and spectral CT quantitative parameters were compared between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the value of spectral CT quantitative parameters in predicting MVI of HCC. Results:The serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level in the invasion group was higher than that in the non-invasion group, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA-199) levels between the two groups (all P>0.05). In the invasion group, arterial phase iodine concentration, arterial phase normalized iodine concentration, venous phase iodine uptake reduction rate, arterial phase effective atomic number, and energy spectrum curve slope were all higher than those in the non-invasion group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05); there were no statistically significant differences in venous phase iodine concentration, venous phase normalized iodine concentration, and venous phase effective atomic number between the two groups (all P>0.05). The rates of peritumoral enhancement in the arterial phase and irregular tumor margin in the invasion group were higher than those in the non-invasion group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in tumor capsule between the two groups ( P>0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under the curve (AUC) of arterial phase iodine concentration, arterial phase normalized iodine concentration, venous phase iodine uptake reduction rate, arterial phase effective atomic number, and energy spectrum curve slope for predicting MVI in HCC were 0.812, 0.885, 0.726, 0.823, and 0.788, respectively. Conclusions:Spectral CT quantitative parameters are helpful to improve the preoperative diagnostic efficiency of MVI in HCC and can effectively predict MVI in HCC. Especially, arterial phase normalized iodine concentration has high application value in judging whether there is MVI in HCC.

Klebsiella pneumoniae,as a clinically prevalent opportunistic pathogen,ranks as the second most com-monly detected pathogen in clinical isolates in China.The extensive clinical use of carbapenem antibiotics has led to a high global detection rate of carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae(CRKP).Characterized by complex resist-ance mechanisms and diverse evolutionary pathways,CRKP infections pose significant challenges in prevention and treatment,with high associated mortality rates,creating substantial obstacles for clinical anti-infective therapy.In recent years,the emergence and global spread of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent K.pneumoniae(CR-hvKP)have escalated into a major public health threat.Notably,hypervirulent K.pneumoniae isolates carry-ing carbapenem resistance genes are rapidly disseminating worldwide,causing fatal infections even in immunocom-petent individuals.This article systematically reviews the latest research advances on the resistance mechanisms,evolutionary pathways,adaptive changes,and clinical management strategies of CR-hvKP,aiming to deepen un-derstanding of this"superbug"and provide a theoretical foundation for clinical prevention and control.

Objective:To analyze the effect of deep brain electrical stimulation therapy on Parkinson's disease patients with frozen gait and explore its prognostic factors.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 86 Parkinson's disease patients with frozen gait admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022.All patients received deep brain electrical stimulation therapy.Conduct a 2-year outpatient follow-up for all patients,and analyze the scores of the Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part 2(UPDRS Ⅱ),Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part 3(UPDRS Ⅲ),Fugl Meyer Lower Limb Motor Function Assessment Scale(FMA),and Schwab&England Daily Activity Scale(S&E)before and after medication opening and closing,6 months after surgery,1 year after surgery,and 2 years after surgery.And based on the 2-year follow-up results of the patients,the prognosis level of the patients was evaluated according to the S&E score during drug closure.60 patients with drug closure S&E score＞70 were divided into a good prognosis group,and 26 patients with drug closure S&E score≤70 were divided into a poor prognosis group.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of deep brain electrical stimulation therapy in Parkinson's disease gait freezing patients.Results:At 6 months,1 year,and 2 years after surgery,the UPDRS Ⅱ and UPDRS Ⅲ scores of all patients were lower than those before surgery(P＜0.05).The UPDRS Ⅱ and UPDRS Ⅲ scores of patients before surgery,6 months,1 year,and 2 years after surgery were lower than those of patients before surgery(P＜0.05);At 6 months,1 year,and 2 years after surgery,the FMA and S&E scores of all patients were higher than those before surgery(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the FMA and S&E scores between 6 months,1 year,and 2 years after surgery(P＞0.05).However,the FMA and S&E scores at 6 months,1 year,and 2 years after surgery were lower than those at the end of surgery(P＜0.05);There was no significant difference between the gender,BMI,combined underlying disease,levodopa equivalent dose,preoperative UPDRSⅢ score before the on and off periods,and FMA scores before the on and off periods(P＞0.05),Age,Parkinson's disease stage,preoperative UPDRS Ⅱ score between open and off period,and preoperative S&E score between the good prognosis and off prognosis groups(P＜0.05);The UPDRS Ⅱ score(95％CI:1.353～5.782,OR value:2.462),S&E score(95％CI:1.658～4.687,OR value:2.789),and S&E score(95％CI:1.265～6.879,OR value:3.645)before opening surgery are independent influencing factors on deep brain electrical stimulation therapy in Parkinson's disease gait freezing patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Deep brain electrical stimulation therapy can improve the condition and motor function of Parkinson's disease patients with frozen gait,but some patients may have poor prognosis due to the influence of UPDRS Ⅱ score before surgery and S&E scores during the opening and closing phases.